滑行艇船体运动分析模拟的效用

滑行艇的水动力学与常规排水型船体不同,通常不适用于线性分析。因其航速高、倾角小及吃水浅,会产生明显的水动力和动态非线性。湿表面积的较大变化和喷雾射流的效应,正是应该包含在精确滑行建模中的两个因素。因此,非线性模拟已成为预报滑行动力的富有吸引力的方法。然而,由于参数范围较大,以及设计螺线时间有限,所以模拟方法在使用上受到限制。在计算机成为模拟的有效工具之前,用户应该了解特定设计的响应特性。通过采用现代动力系统分析方法,能够获得必要的信息。上述技术方法首先将物理系统近似为一组非线性常微分方程,然后应用综合分析方法来确定临界性能区域。介绍采用动力系统分析和模拟相结合的方法,检查了典型滑行船体的垂向运动,预报了垂直平面失稳和不安全运动区域,并利用滑行船体模拟器进行了研究。所叙述的实例只涉及恒速、规则波和不变的船底斜度,方法是很通用的。     

滑行艇高速航行时的数值模拟(英文)

Planing vessels are applied widely in civil and military situations.Due to their high speed,the motion of planning vessels is complex.In order to predict the motion of planning vessels,it is important to analyze the hydrodynamic performance of planning vessels at high speeds.The computational fluid dynamic method(CFD) has been proposed to calculate hydrodynamic performance of planning vessels.However,in most traditional CFD approaches,model tests or empirical formulas are needed to obtain the running attitude of the planing vessels before calculation.This paper presents a new CFD method to calculate hydrodynamic forces of planing vessels.The numerical method was based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations.The volume of fluid(VOF) method and the six-degrees-of-freedom equation were applied.An effective process was introduced to solve the numerical divergence problem in numerical simulation.Compared with experimental results,numerical simulation results indicate that both the running attitude and hydrodynamic performance can be predicted well at high speeds.     

考虑船体声散射效应的螺旋桨噪声频域预报（英文）

为了分析船体散射效应对船尾螺旋桨声场的影响,结合点源模型和边界元方法提出任意边界条件下螺旋桨噪声的频域预报方法,该方法可以分别计算螺旋桨的入射声场和船体散射声场,定量评估船体的声散射效应。文中以5415船型和大侧斜螺旋桨为对象,首先基于计算流体力学模拟“艇+桨”的瞬态流场特征,然后考虑船体的声散射效应,计算分析螺旋桨的声场特征。结果表明：螺旋桨的散射声场与入射声场存在较大差异,考虑船体声散射效应后,螺旋桨声压低于入射声压,且其影响不可忽略。     

船体周围Stokes波浪流耦合VOF模型的数值模拟（英文）

The surface wave generated by flow around a ship hull moving near free surface of water is simulated numerically in this study. The three-dimensional implicit finite volume method(FVM) is applied to solve Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equation. The realizable k-ε turbulence model has been implemented to capture turbulent flow around the ship hull in the free surface zone. The volume of fluid(VOF) method coupled with the Stokes wave theory has been used to determine the free surface effect of water. By using is a six degrees of freedom model, the ship hull's movement is numerically solved with the Stokes wave together. Under the action of Stokes waves on the sea, the interface between the air and water waves at the same regular pattern and so does the pressure and the vertical velocity. The ship hull moves in the same way as the wave. The amplitude of the ship hull's heave is less than the wave height because of the viscosity damping. This method could provide an important reference for the study of ships' movement, wave and hydrodynamics.     

船体结构最优风险评估维护计划（英文）

Various structures such as marine structures age over time. In order to always maintain safety conditions, maintenance processes including inspection and repair should be implemented on them. Corrosion and fatigue cracks are two main factors that reduce the ultimate strength of the ship's hull girder over time and thus increase the probability and risk of failure. At the time of inspection,the structural conditions must be checked so that, if necessary, the required repairs can be done on it. The main objective of this paper is to provide optimized maintenance plans of the ship structure based on probabilistic concepts with regard to corrosion and fatigue cracks. Maintenance activities increase the operational costs of ships; therefore, it is advisable to inspect and repair in the optimal times. Optimal maintenance planning of the ship structure can be conducted by formulating and solving a multi-objective optimization problem. The use of risk as a structural performance indicator has become more common in recent years. The objective functions of the optimization problem include minimizing the structure's lifecycle maintenance costs, including inspection and repair costs, and also minimizing the maximum risk of structural failure during the ship's life. In the following,to achieve better responses, reliability index has been added to the problem as the third objective function. The multi-objective optimization problem is solved using genetic algorithms. The proposed risk-based approach is applied to the hull structure of a tanker ship.     

船体冰载荷的反演确定法（英文）

由于船体结构受到的外部载荷及载荷承受能力决定了船体结构的损伤程度,因此船舶在冰区海域航行的安全性与其受到的冰载荷直接相关。本文根据极地科考补给船S.A. Agulhas II的原型测量数据,给出了两种艉肩部冰载荷的反演确定方法：一种为根据试验建立的影响系数矩阵法来确定肋骨处受到的冰载荷,另一种为利用Tikhonov正则化建立的三种离散方式来确定外板区域受到的冰载荷。计算结果表明,这两种方法均能克服数据处理过程中的病态性并得到船体结构的冰载荷。     

滑行艇船体性能的模型试验

利用长11．8m滑行艇船体的1：8缩尺船模，进行一系列的裸船体阻力试验。船模在静水、压载状态和一定的速度范围内进行试验。试验中测量了拖曳力、航行纵倾和下沉。其中船体浸湿面积和浸湿长度应用水下摄像确定。试验中还布置了能大量喷水的压力喷头，使船体表面不同位置均达到标准压力。应用拖曳水池中横向布置的电容探头测量波形，同时应用激光多普勒速度仪(LDV)确定船体的两个区域在几种航速下的边界层速度场。试验结果发现，船体尾部的压力较低，而邻近边界层外部的速度高于应用一般滑行理论的预报值。介绍船模、试验装置、测试步骤和测试数据实例。     

基于γ界面捕捉模型的近场水下爆炸数值模拟（英文）

随着对水下爆炸现象研究的逐步深入,近场水下爆炸的数值模拟研究越来越受到重视。近场水下爆炸数值模拟当中的主要难点在于多相流运动以及界面捕捉方法的研究。文章提出一种较为稳定的近场水下爆炸数值模拟方法,其包含了五阶WENO重构以及HLLC近似黎曼求解器的格式,对于多相流界面的捕捉方法基于γ模型。文中的求解格式通过了一维激波管问题以及二维轴对称问题的验证,计算结果与理论解和实验结果吻合较好。在此基础上将该方法推广到近场水下爆炸过程中冲击波传播以及近水面爆炸现象的模拟,模拟结果较为满意。该文的研究方法能够为后续的近场水下爆炸过程中的空泡以及水射流的研究提供指导。     

基于船体直接强度评估的可靠性分析（英文）

A method of reliability analysis based on a direct strength calculation employing the von Mises stress failure criterion is presented here. The short term strain distributions of ship hull structural components are identified through the statistical analysis of the wave-induced strain history and the long term distributions by the weighted summation of the short term strain distributions. The wave-induced long term strain distribution is combined with the still water strain. The extreme strain distribution of the response strain is obtained by statistical analysis of the combined strains. The limit state function of the reliability analysis is based on the von Mises stress failure criterion, including the related uncertainties due to the quality of the material and model uncertainty. The reliability index is calculated using FORM and sensitivity analysis of each variable that has effects on the reliability is also discussed.     

基于反向方法的船体冰载荷研究（英文）

船舶碰撞海冰引起的冰载荷分布是十分复杂的。文章选取Thikhonov正则化这一反向方法,根据极地科考补给船S.A Agulhas II号于2013-2014年间南极航行时实测的数据,分析得到了船体艉肩部的冰载荷。通过应用三种独立的冰载荷离散方式来模拟海冰的自然特性,在有限元中得到模型的影响矩阵,并应用Matlab对Thikhonov正则化方程进行了优化。研究结果表明,反向方法可以克服数据处理过程中的不适定性,并计算得到船体冰载荷。     

高速滑行艇在规则波中运动的RANSE数值模拟(英文)

This paper presents a study on the numerical simulation of planing crafts sailing in regular waves. This allows an accurate estimate of the seas keeping performance of the high speed craft. The simulation set in six-degree of freedom motions is based on the Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes equations volume of fluid (RANSE VOF) solver. The trimming mesh technique and integral dynamic mesh method are used to guarantee the good accuracy of the hydrodynamic force and high efficiency of the numerical simulation. Incident head waves, oblique waves and beam waves are generated in the simulation with three different velocities (Fn =1.0, 1.5, 2.0). The motions and sea keeping performance of the planing craft with waves coming from different directions are indicated in the flow solver. The ship designer placed an emphasis on the effects of waves on sailing amplitude and pressure distribution of planing craft in the configuration of building high speed crafts.     

利用实船试验和模拟方法对高速滑行艇的砰击研究（上）

介绍通过一系列实船试验和模拟的小型高速军用艇。这些试验是在海情较恶劣，砰击现象频繁发生的沿海海域进行的。讨论综合响应和水动力压力，用于预测高速滑行艇在波浪中综合响应的模拟模型被用来与模型试验进行对比评估。实船试验有关特性在模拟中得到再现。     

三维船体横摇运动数值模拟及舭龙骨阻尼特性研究（英文）

为研究舭龙骨阻尼特性及尺寸航速等因素的影响,本文基于计算流体动力学方法分别对有、无舭龙骨三维船体的自由横摇衰减运动以及强迫横摇运动进行数值模拟研究,有无舭龙骨的三维船体的横摇阻尼之差即为舭龙骨阻尼。对F_r=0.138、初始横摇角10°带舭龙骨船体的自由横摇衰减数值模拟算例作了验证与确认分析,自由横摇衰减时历曲线与实验结果吻合较好,固有周期和横摇阻尼精度较高。进一步分析研究了不同几何尺寸、初始横摇角、航速以及频率等参数对舭龙骨阻尼的影响。自由横摇衰减模拟研究中舭龙骨阻尼随着舭龙骨宽度、初始横摇角度的增大而增大;当航速为0时,舭龙骨阻尼在总阻尼占比最大,航速对舭龙骨阻尼绝对值影响较小。强迫横摇模拟研究表明:当横摇角一定,舭龙骨阻尼随着频率的增大而非线性增大,在固有频率附近,粘性效应不可忽略。     

小水线面双体船螺旋桨激励船体振动研究（英文）

文章研究了小水线面双体船的桨—轴—船体耦合系统在螺旋桨受宽带力激励下的纵向振动特性。建立了考虑周围流体介质作用的桨—轴—船体动态耦合系统的声振数值计算模型,经实船试验表明计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。采用该模型计算分析了桨—轴—船体耦合系统的振动特性。作用在螺旋桨上的激励力传递到船体时,受到轴系子系统的调制作用及推力轴承基座结构的刚度影响,在轴系一阶和二阶纵向振动模态处出现动力放大;考虑螺旋桨的弹性变形时,激励力在螺旋桨的桨叶若干纵向振动模态频率上也出现了明显的放大。在这些低频段的振动模态频率上,船体结构受放大的激励力作用,容易产生共振及声辐射。     

低阻通风船体的远程控制测试平台开发（英文）

This paper addresses the development and testing of a remotely controlled boat platform with an innovative air-ventilated hull. The application of air cavities on the underside of ship hulls is a promising means for reducing hydrodynamic drag and pollutant emissions and increasing marine transportation efficiency. Despite this concept’s potential, design optimization and high-performance operation of novel air-cavity ships remain a challenging problem. Hull construction and sensor instrumentation of the model-scale air-cavity boat is described in the paper. The modular structure of the hull allows for easy modifications, and an electric propulsion unit enables self-propelled operation. The boat is controlled remotely via a radio transmission system. Results of initial tests are reported, including thrust, speed, and airflow rate in several loading conditions. The constructed platform can be used for optimizing air-cavity systems and testing other innovative hull designs. This system can be also developed into a high-performance unmanned boat.     

海洋污损对船体摩擦阻力影响的预测方法（英文）

海洋污损对船体阻力具有严重的不利影响。文章将海洋污损归类到船体粗糙度的范畴内,基于边界层积分法研究了污损对船体摩擦阻力影响的预测方法。通过对光滑平板摩擦阻力系数的计算验证了积分法的准确性。然后采用积分法对美军FFG-7舰在3种钙质污损状况下的摩擦阻力系数进行了计算,计算结果与国外学者的研究结论吻合得较好,说明了积分法预测污损对船体摩擦阻力的影响具有可行性,且准确性较高。最后将积分法在FFG-7舰的计算结果与1957-ITTC公式及其粗糙度补贴系数△C_f进行了对比,结果表明ITTC提出的△C_f公式不适于表征污损对船体阻力的影响。     

对称、非对称不同船体构型下高速非交错五体船模阻力特性（英文）

Pentamaran, a vessel with five hulls, can be an alternative for high-speed vessels due to its advantages, for instance, its excellent stability and seakeeping performance and broader deck space than an equivalent monohull with the same displacement. The destructive interference between the system of waves produced by the vessel's hulls might benefit the reduction of power consumption. This study investigated a Wigley hull form pentamaran model with five asymmetric and symmetric hull configurations and three variations of hull separation. The ship model was towed in conditions of fixed towing and calm water with Froude numbers(Fr) ranging from 0.55 to 1.00. A resistance analysis had been carried out to ensure proper comparison between the asymmetric and symmetric hull configurations. Results showed that total resistance coefficient of the asymmetries created different properties from the symmetries, that is, symmetries produced steadier trends than asymmetries. The hull separation variation caused a slight alteration in the total resistant coefficient(in magnitude) under the same configuration. Although not a single configuration outperformed the others in the entire range of Fr, three configurations were noteworthy as optimum models based on their Fr range. Moreover, a configuration of asymmetric hull with S/L = 0.22 could generate a constant destructive interference throughout the investigated Fr range.     

游艇滑行的秘密（一）

如果你仔细想想，其实游艇的滑行和世界上其它事情相比也没什么特别的地方。不管以什么方式，你发现你的游艇会自己从水里抬起，利落地呈现出一个优美的角度，并能自由滑行，取得良好的控制。这涉及到各种力量间精妙的平衡。如果你对此持怀疑态度，不妨想象一下个人刚开始学滑水时的情景：两手叉腰，膝盖抖动，无法很好地控制住平衡，经常掉进水里被呛着。     

游艇滑行的秘密（三）——滑行艇的类型

除了以下列举的几种外，世上还有许多不同类型的滑行艇船体，有些可能很奇异：翅膀型、W型双体船、三体船、希克曼水橇型等。但是，你可能考虑购买的标准型滑行艇就下面四种：