开发水下机器人控制器的MDA/MBSE方法的实用专业化研究（英文）

The model-driven architecture(MDA)/model-based systems engineering(MBSE) approach, in combination with the real-time Unified Modeling Language(UML)/Systems Modeling Language(SysML), unscented Kalman filter(UKF) algorithm, and hybrid automata, are specialized to conveniently analyze, design, and implement controllers of autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs). The dynamics and control structure of AUVs are adapted and integrated with the specialized features of the MDA/MBSE approach as follows. The computation-independent model is defined by the specification of a use case model together with the UKF algorithm and hybrid automata and is used in intensive requirement analysis. The platform-independent model(PIM) is then built by specializing the real-time UML/SysML's features, such as the main control capsules and their dynamic evolutions, which reflect the structures and behaviors of controllers. The detailed PIM is subsequently converted into the platform-specific model by using open-source platforms to quickly implement and deploy AUV controllers. The study ends with a trial trip and deployment results for a planar trajectory-tracking controller of a miniature AUV with a torpedo shape.     

充电发电机励磁系统的设计与研究

介绍一种基于单片机C8051的充电发电机数字励磁调节器的设计与研究.详细分析了数字励磁调节器的硬件组成和软件构成,具有电路简单、可靠、配置灵活等优点.数字励磁系统的应用,实现了对蓄电池的三级式充电控制,使得蓄电池的充电效率更高,也增加了蓄电池的使用寿命,优化了发电机组间无功功率的分配,增强了机端电压的动态静态指标.通过仿真可以看出,数字励磁系统的采用大大提高了电力系统的稳定性.     

基于遗传算法的火炮齿轮传动优化设计

系统地论述了遗传算法在火炮系统中的齿轮传动优化设计的应用.经实例分析与计算,分别得出用传统机械设计优化方法和用遗传算法求解的结果,并进行了比较.结果表明,该方法非常有效,在求解优化设计时取得了较为满意的结果.     

舰船电力系统分散鲁棒励磁控制器的研究

提出了一种能够有效提高舰船电力系统稳定性的分散鲁棒控制策略。采用发电机机端电压的相角和幅值表示发电机与系统其他部分的相互联系，并且针对由调速器的不稳定调节造成的发电机输入机械功率的波动，以及由电网中无功功率和有功功率的突然变化引起的发电机端电压波动进行了仿真研究，结果表明了这种控制策略的有效性。     

基于网络环境的船舶机舱动力装置监控系统开发研究

文章介绍了基于网络环境的船舶机舱动力装置监控系统研发平台的开发.该研究在参考了国内外船舶动力监控系统的基础上,针对我国船舶动力监控的技术现状,开发了设备网(DeviceNet)、控制网(ControlNet)和以太网(EtherNet)三层网络体系构架的监控系统.模拟实验表明,该研发平台在船舶动力监控应用方面具有智能化、系列化和标准化的特点,能够满足船舶机舱动力装置监控的要求.     

小型船舶绿色动力电池推进系统研究设计

针对柴油机电力推进船舶存在废气和油污问题,研究设计了以动力电池为动力源的小型船舶电力推进系统。分析和比较了不同类型动力源的性能特点,提出了以动力电池为动力源的推进系统的总体方案。介绍了电池容量的计算方法,研究设计了电池管理系统、推进监控系统等核心单元的硬件结构与功能要求。     

梁结构耦合点的振动功率传播

本文详细讨论了多根梁耦合点的振动功率传播特性.耦合点采用刚体质量来模拟.采用波动分析法研究纵向波或弯曲波入射半无限梁结构耦合点的传播.首先根据耦合点的平衡条件和连续条件,得到了波动方程中的幅值.然后建立了波动幅值和振动功率之间的关系,并得到振动功率反射和传播系数.反射和传播系数确定为振动频率和耦台角度的函数.算例计算了二叉梁的反射系数和传播系数,分析了耦合角度和振动频率以及是否计及耦合点质量对反射系数和传播系数的影响,得到了一些有价值的结论,对于振动控制和结构优化设计具有重要的意义.     

基于数字孪生的舰船蒸汽动力总体模型框架研究

[目的]为了实现舰船蒸汽动力系统的数字化、网络化和智能化,提出一种总体数字孪生模型应用体系.[方法]从物理对象、过程要素、生命周期及虚拟空间这4个维度,提出基于数字孪生的舰船蒸汽动力系统总体"四维思想模型",并创建总体全生命周期的"五阶体系模型",涵盖概念论证、系统设计、总装建造、试验试航及运维保障这5个典型的阶段.通...     

A simplified method for reliability- and integrity-based design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems

This paper presents a simplified method for the reliability- and the integrity-based optimal design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems. The design of structural systems is transitioning from the conventional methods, which are based on factors of safety, to more advanced methods, which require calculation of the failure probability of the designed system for each project. Using factors of safety to account for the uncertainties in the capacity (strength) or demands can lead to systems with different reliabilities. This is because the number and arrangement of components in each system and the correlation of their responses could be different, which could affect the system reliability. The generic factors of safety that are specified at the component level do not account for such differences. Still, using factors of safety, as a measure of system safety, is preferred by many engineers because of the simplicity in their application. The aim of this paper is to provide a simplified method for design of engineering systems that directly involves the system annual failure probability as a measure of system safety, concerning system strength limit state. In this method, using results of conventional deterministic analysis, the optimality factors for an integrity-based optimal design are used instead of generic safety factors to assure the system safety. The optimality factors, which estimate the necessary change in average component capacities, are computed especially for each component and a target system annual probability of system failure using regression models that estimate the effect of short and long term extreme events on structural response. Because in practice, it is convenient to use the return period as a measure to quantify the likelihood of extreme events, the regression model in this paper is a relationship between the component demands and the annual probability density function corresponding to every return period. This method accounts for the uncertainties in the environmental loads and structural capacities, and identifies the target mean capacity of each component for maximizing its integrity and meeting the reliability requirement. In addition, because various failure modes in a structural system can lead to different consequences (including damage costs), a method is introduced to compute optimality factors for designated failure modes. By calculating the probability of system failure, this method can be used for risk-based decision-making that considers the failure costs and consequences. The proposed method can also be used on existing structures to identify the riskiest components as part of inspection and improvement planning. The proposed method is discussed and illustrated considering offshore mooring systems. However, the method is general and applicable also to other engineering systems. In the case study of this paper, the method is first used to quantify the reliability of a mooring system, then this design is revised to meet the DNV recommended annual probability of failure and for maximizing system integrity as well as for a designated failure mode in which the anchor chains are the first components to fail in the system.     

“科学”号科考船综合电力推进系统概述

介绍"科学"号海洋科学综合考察船的综合电力推进系统,从发电机系统、配电系统、电力推进系统、主推进遥控系统及自动化控制系统等五个方面进行介绍,论述各系统在电力推进船舶中的应用特点,强调电力推进系统的先进性能。     

转角配电柜汇流排系统在振动冲击下的应力分析

以某型转角配电柜汇流排系统为研究对象，利用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立转角配电柜及其汇流排系统的有限元模型，通过扫频分析研究振动对汇流排系统的影响，并根据环境试验标准研究汇流排系统在不同环境下的冲击响应。研究结果对提高同类型转角配电柜汇流排系统的减振、抗冲击性能和优化设计具有参考价值。     

大型海洋工程船舶综合电力推进系统关键技术分析与研究

随着现代技术的高速发展,以综合电力推进技术为代表的大型海洋工程船舶可视为船舶设计和制造技术的新一代革命,已逐步形成当今高技术船舶动力系统发展的主流趋势。由此带来更多的是中高压电力系统和区域直流配电系统在海洋工程船舶上的广泛应用。本文将根据目前相关IEC标准和各船级社规范,对海洋工程船舶综合电力推进系统的区域直流配电技术、中性点接地技术、保护技术、谐波抑制等关键技术进行相关分析与研究,提出相关设计方法和理念,为后续综合电力推进系统的设计提供参考依据。     

海上风电牺牲阳极阴极保护监测系统研究

本文探讨了海上风电牺牲阳极阴极保护监检测系统研究的必要性,描述了在线监检测系统的结构和功能,介绍了研究过程中监检测系统的选型、安装、调试和数据分析,得出结论：远程监控技术可以提高自动化程度和工作效率、节省人工成本、减少人身安全风险;随着风电技术的发展,阴极保护监检测系统将是风电生产管理的重要组成部分,起着重要作用。并指出：海上风电监检测系统尚在初期阶段,监控系统本身的使用寿命和故障率、系统材料的选择和优化,都有待在实践中不断摸索和提高。     

燃料电池船舶复合供能系统控制策略设计与仿真

针对燃料电池船舶复合供能系统中的燃料电池功率波动问题和储能单元电池荷电状态（State of Charge,SOC）极端分化问题,依据系统拓扑结构,提出基于负载功率频率分解与模糊逻辑控制法相结合的复合供能系统控制策略设计。采用实例仿真验证该设计的优势。结果表明,该设计可有效保持燃料电池输出功率平滑,对储能单元SOC具有良好的均衡控制效果。     

A risk model for the operation of container vessels

Commercial shipping of containerized goods involves certain risks for human safety and environment. In order to actively manage these risks, they must be identified, analyzed, modeled, and quantified. This requires a systematical analysis of design and operation of container vessels. Within the EU-funded research project SAFEDOR, a Formal Safety Assessment has been applied to establish the current safety level of generic container ships and to identify potential cost-effective risk control options. This paper describes a structured approach to develop the underlying high-level risk model. It is structured as risk contribution tree consisting of a series of fault trees and event trees for the major accident categories. Statistical analysis of casualty data is used to estimate the probability of occurrence. Finally, the summation overall individual risk contributions yields the current risk pro file for the operation of container vessels is presented as FN-curve.     

基于变发电电压功率变换器的海上钻井平台风力发电系统硬件结构的研究

本论文阐述了海上钻井平台的风力发电系统的具体硬件方案和主要设备选型,设计了基于变发电电压功率变换器的（Switched Reluctance Generator,简称SRG）风力发电系统,弥补了现有的风力发电系统的不足。     

12000m~3多用途液化气船电气设计

阐述了12000m3多用途液化气船主要设备的功能,并对电力负荷作了分析计算。指出了电力系统的特点,并论述了自动化控制系统中的主推进装置、主机控制、可调桨控制、双燃料主机气体探测和报警控制的设计。为该类船的电气设计提供参考。     

Automatic FE modeler using stiffener-based mesh generation algorithm for ship structural analysis

Shipbuilding industries have started to employ 3D CAD systems to integrate all design and production processes by achieving seamless data transfer and data sharing. The emerging 3D CAD system brings a considerable change in FE analysis field. The availability of 3D geometry increased the recognition of the need for developing automatic FE modeling system consequently.

However, general automatic mesh algorithms developed by academic research field have a limitation. The difficulty in satisfying lots of line constraints and the absence of proper idealization of 3D geometry entities defined in CAD system hinders directly employing the general mesh algorithms.

In this research, an automatic FE modeling system has been developed for cargo hold FE modeling and whole ship FE modeling. The basic concept of the algorithm is to decompose surfaces using stiffener lines into subregions and generate mesh using a rule established based on FE modeling practice of ship structure. Since the decomposed subregions take simple polygon, they can be easily transformed into elements by decomposing the polygon according to the rule defined considering the shape of the polygon and mesh seed on its perimeter. The algorithm is also designed to treat appropriate geometry idealizations for bracket-type surface and stiffener connections. The idealization process is also completely customized based on FE modeling practice. The validity of the developed system is verified through illustrative examples.     

A GPS-based system for precise shipping guidance and control

This paper discusses the general concept of an automatic berthing system. The research considered the automatic berthing of a large merchant ship. A global positioning system (GPS)-based system, which provides the necessary information on position, velocity, attitude (roll, pitch, and heading), angular velocity, and time, was the principal sensor used. Field tests were conducted on board a hydrographic sounding ship to assess the quality of information obtained from a GPS-based system. The data were processed using the software with which the algorithms developed in this research were implemented. This paper also discusses various aspects concerning a real-time GPS-based system in relation to an automatic berthing system, such as integration of sensors, mathematical models, port infrastructure, and training of crews. Received: October 22, 1999 / Accepted: June 30, 2000     

大功率船用整流装置的适配性研究

电力变换装置应用于区域配电系统必须满足区域配电系统的技术要求称为电力变换装置的适配性。本文针对大功率船用整流装置,对其适配性展开了研究,主要包括五方面的内容：安全性要求、任务与功能要求、供电性能要求、结构设计要求、环境要求。研究结果表明船用整流装置要求高可靠、可维护性和高效率,低的发热温升,良好的工作特性以及电磁兼容性。