复杂空间形态边坡的稳定性分析

为合理评价复杂空间形态边坡的稳定性,基于边坡的三维点安全系数,利用三维数值模拟,提出了边坡稳定性的三步点安全系数计算方法.首先,采用强度折减法降低边坡体的抗剪强度指标,使边坡处于临界状态或者大变形状态,计算边坡临界状态的位移场;其次,设置实际的边坡岩土体物理力学参数,计算当前状态应力场;最后,综合临界状态位移场和当前状态应力场,计算边坡的点安全系数.将此方法应用于贵州贞丰煤电厂运煤道路高边坡工程,计算结果表明:未加固边坡的整体安全系数虽大于设计值1.35,但坡脚局部稳定性系数小于设计值;按照点安全系数分布规律对该高边坡的下部两级边坡采用锚杆加固,确定坡脚锚杆加固的范围为下部两级边坡,锚杆加固深度为坡面以下8 m,锚杆间距为2.0 m,锚杆直径为25 mm,锚杆加固后,边坡的局部稳定性得到显著改善,坡体点安全系数均大于1.35.      

平面交叉口竖向设计高程计算的综合法

采用方格网法将交叉口划分为四边形或三角形网格,将所有网格点作为设计计算点,利用圆心法确定各计算点的初始高程计算线,通过等分法、迭代法对初始高程计算线进行调整,并得到计算点的设计高程,根据网格点平面坐标及高程数据绘制设计等高线及三维表面效果图用于设计调整与质量检验。综合法所得竖向设计表面平顺,计算结果便于直接应用于工程的图纸设计与施工,该方法集成了方格网法、圆心法、等分法及等高线法的优点并加以改进,方法更加完善,工程适用性得到提高。     

A new approach of intelligent design and optimization for shell nosing

Preform design for shell nosing product without machining the inner surface after forming is an experience-extensive work. Generally, the initial design needs to be modified and simulated consequently to get proper preform and nosing die, and the iterative process is time consuming. This paper puts forward a new approach, in which the suitable initial design can be obtained by knowledge-based intelligent technology and the optimal design can be acquired by finite element method (FEM) based geometrical modification. With the CAX object model as the bridge of CAD and CAE, the CAD model with simulation knowledge can be transferred into CAE automatically, and the CAE result can be automatically utilized as well. Based on the comparison between the simulated shape and the desired shape, the dissatisfactory area will be modified. A new simulation and modification process will be carried out based on the modified design. The process is repeated iteratively to get the optimal design. This approach utilizes the commercial CAD and CAE software, without the need of complex back-forward FEM procedures. Based on the new approach, an in-home intelligent shell nosing design and optimization system is developed, and a case study proves that this system can reach a reasonable design efficiently.     

零相关区序列的交织构造

用交织方法研究ZCZ序列集合的构造，提出了基于交织技术的ZCZ序列构造的新方法．对于给定的周期为L的最佳自相关序列a和正交矩阵峨，首先选择合适的移位序列，对序列a进行交织得到（L，N）-交织序列b；再用正交矩阵HN将交织序列b扩展为新的序列集，则该序列集就是所构造的ZCZ序列集．用该方法可以构造达到或接近理论界的具有大的零相关区的ZCZ序列集，并统一了三元、四相和多相ZCZ序列集构造方法。     

自组织建模方法及西部GDP增长模型研究

在自组织控制理论的基础上,引入人工神经网络思想提出一种新的数据挖掘方法。建模过程中活动神经元逐层大量产生和淘汰,模型得以最终进化到其最优复杂性。阐述了自组织算法原理、建模步骤及网络结构。给出针对西部地区经济发展的建模研究实例,以确定西部开发中最重要的若干因素,并量化分析各自力强弱。比较全国模型得到西部经济特点,在此基础上提出了一些建议。     

民航系统安全的多层次模糊评估方法

为对民航系统进行安全性评估,建立了评估指标体系和评估方法.采用模糊综合评判方法计算民航系统的管理安全度和由飞行、航空保障、维护与维修3个子系统安全度组成的人-机-环境安全度,在此基础上得出系统的综合安全度.系统的安全度被划分为5个等级,当综合安全度小于4时,表明系统并没有达到较好的安全状态.通过对评估数据的分析,可找出其中被评以很差、差或对一般的隶属度较大的因素,分析问题所在,并加以整改.     

Structural Optimization of Hatch Cover Based on Bi-directional Evolutionary Structure Optimization and Surrogate Model Method

Weight reduction has attracted much attention among ship designers and ship owners. In the present work, based on an improved bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method and surrogate model method, we propose a hybrid optimization method for the structural design optimization of beam-plate structures, which covers three optimization levels: dimension optimization, topology optimization and section optimization. The objective of the proposed optimization method is to minimize the weight of design object under a group of constraints. The kernel optimization procedure (KOP) uses BESO to obtain the optimal topology from a ground structure. To deal with beam-plate structures, the traditional BESO method is improved by using cubic box as the unit cell instead of solid unit to construct periodic lattice structure. In the first optimization level, a series of ground structures are generated based on different dimensional parameter combinations, the KOP is performed to all the ground structures, the response surface model of optimal objective values and dimension parameters is created, and then the optimal dimension parameters can be obtained. In the second optimization level, the optimal topology is obtained by using the KOP according to the optimal dimension parameters. In the third optimization level, response surface method (RSM) is used to determine the section parameters. The proposed method is applied to a hatch cover structure design. The locations and shapes of all the structural members are determined from an oversized ground structure. The results show that the proposed method leads to a greater weight saving, compared with the original design and genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization results.     

复杂地基上高土石坝坝体稳定可靠度分析

以可靠度理论为基础，对复杂地基上兴建的高土石坝的坝体稳定性及坝体－地基稳定性进行了分析研究。使用Ｊａｃｏｂｉ正交变换法将要关的随机变量转变为相互独立的随机变量，采用Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ方法计算可靠度以冶水库堆石坝为例，使用定值方法和可靠度方法对土石坝稳定性进行了分析计算。结果表明，在相同的条件下，定值法计算得到的稳定临界滑面不唯一，且各临界滑面的失效概率不一致。定值法中使用的安全系数与其滑面稳定     

基于一面两孔特征的点云配准方法

为了提高零件在扫描检测过程中点云与设计模型的配准精度,提出了一种基于一面两孔特征的点云配准方法.该方法粗配准以零件的平面/圆柱孔特征为对象,使设计模型和点云的局部坐标系重合,并通过改进ICP算法求解点云与设计模型最近点的距离最小平方和实现精配准.由于配准区域和最近点的计算方法不同,精配准进一步分为全域和特征域配准两种类型.全域精配准以距点云最近的设计模型三角网格点或投影点为最近点,适合于毛坯件;特征域精配准则通过求解点云在平面/圆柱孔特征上的投影点为最近点,适合于成品件.试验及计算结果表明:全域配准的配准精度随表面离散点距离的减小而提高, 当离散点距离达到1.50 mm时,其配准精度已经达到0.15 mm,基本满足工程应用要求.当配准精度相同时,配准效率较其它方法提高10%~20%.      

制造企业物流外包决策的临界效应

分析了在制造企业的物流外包过程中存在的临界点和临界效应．在临界点前后，制造企业的经济效益急剧增加或减少，出现物流外包的临界效应．用系统论中的“白箱”模型描述物流外包决策的临界效应．投入要素包括物流外包总成本、制造企业所能提供的物流服务水平以及内部的物流管理能力．外包总成本按外包比例确定，服务水平分解为供应比率、按时配送能力和灵活性指数，内部物流管理能力用德尔菲法确定。产出要素指企业的整体经济效益．用系统分析的方法确定投入产出要素之间的相互作用，用邹氏检验法确定并验证临界点．     

沥青路面的雨天行车安全性分析

针对沥青路面的路表轮胎行车滑水,提出了行车的临界水膜厚度概念,利用动量定理进行了临界水膜厚度计算公式推导,计算了不同行车速度下的路表临界水膜厚度,经与国外的极限车速计算经验公式对比,验证了其可靠性,并以降雨的路表水膜厚度为依据,分析了以临界水膜厚度作为道路结构设计控制指标的行车安全性,提出了增加安全性的工程技术改善措施．     

加筋土挡墙地震稳定性破裂面随机搜索法

为确定加筋土挡墙破裂面的位置,基于水平条分法提出了一种多线段破裂面表现形式.?将加筋土挡墙破裂面视为由多条线段组成,各条线段在一个平面内以不同的长度和角度相互连接;根据地震作用下水平土条的力学平衡条件,推导出与破裂面参数相关的筋材拉力计算式;将筋材总拉力作为目标函数,采用两层循环方式进行求解计算,外层为墙后填土水平表面...     

滑坡稳定性分析点安全系数法的应用条件

为探索适用于点安全系数法的滑坡发展阶段,通过算例对点安全系数法与刚体极限平衡法进行了比较研究,详细分析了影响点安全系数的各种因素.结果表明:计算点安全系数的应力状态是滑带岩土体刚开始全部处于塑性流动状态,即点安全系数法的应用条件是滑坡启动阶段.此时,二维条件下计算的整体安全系数与二维刚体极限平衡法计算的安全系数吻合;而在三维条件下,计算结果符合“滑带抗剪强度参数降低K倍,滑坡的安全系数也降低K倍”的强度储备理念.     

桩板墙结构加固边坡的稳定性分析

为探讨桩板墙加固边坡的稳定性,根据多块体滑移理论,采用极限分析上限定理,导出了为保证边坡稳定桩板墙结构中抗滑桩应提供的抗力的计算公式,提出了桩板墙结构加固边坡稳定性的一种新的分析方法.用该方法对算例进行了分析,并与旋转破坏模型获得的结果进行了比较.研究结果表明:桩板墙结构中,抗滑桩应提供的抗力随边坡坡角增大而增大,随坡体材料抗剪强度增大而减小;边坡潜在滑移面埋深随坡体抗剪强度增大变浅;按新方法得到的潜在滑移面比基于旋转破坏模型获得的潜在滑移面更危险.      

基于特征数据分块自适应切片的空洞修补

针对常用的空洞修补方法在修复具有多种曲面类型的空洞时失效和所修复的曲面不光顺等缺点,提出基于特征数据分块自适应切片的空洞修补。首先,在考虑特征信息的情况下基于聚类对散乱点云进行分块;然后利用特征进行自适应切片,获得曲线并进行拟合;最后,在线上取点填充缺失的点云,最终对完整的点云模型进行曲面重构建立实体模型。试验结果表明,采用自适应切片法修补空洞能够保留特征,所填充的点云数据精度较高,能够满足后续建模的需要。此外对该方法填充的点云进行了曲面重构及光顺,结果令人满意。     

基于逆向工程的车身A级曲面建模

介绍了逆向设计在车身产品开发中的关键技术:如何采集车身外形点云数据及创建曲面数学模型;归纳总结了汽车A级曲面的概念、技术要求及一般建模方法,以某轿车尾箱A面的设计为例阐述设计方案、曲面生成和轮廓线提取等关键技术。     

Curvature estimation of point set data based on the moving-least square surface

Curvature estimation is a basic step in many point relative applications such as feature recognition, segmentation, shape analysis and simplification. This paper proposes a moving-least square (MLS) surface based method to evaluate curvatures for unorganized point cloud data. First a variation of the projection based MLS surface is adopted as the underlying representation of the input points. A set of equations for geometric analysis are derived from the implicit definition of the MLS surface. These equations are then used to compute curvatures of the surface. Moreover, an empirical formula for determining the appropriate Gaussian factor is presented to improve the accuracy of curvature estimation. The proposed method is tested on several sets of synthetic and real data. The results demonstrate that the MLS surface based method can faithfully and efficiently estimate curvatures and reflect subtle curvature variations. The comparisons with other curvature computation algorithms also show that the presented method performs well when handling noisy data and dense points with complex shapes.     

非椭圆接触面下钢轨三维弹塑性应力分析

轮轨接触应力的计算是轮轨关系的一个重要课题。建立了一个任意形状钢轨和车轮在任意点接触时,接触面形状和接触面力的计算模型,然后把计算出的接触面力作为外载施加到三维弹塑性有限元模型中,进行轨头中部应力的计算,从而构成了一个完整的计算方法。最后的计算结果表明,该方法适用于具有复杂外形特征的轮轨接触应力的计算。     

点－域匹配的公交主干线网规划方法

为提高线网规划精度与效率,构建了基于点-域匹配的线网规划方法,从区位与客流匹配角度出发,确定了线路合理搜索范围的边界域方程及公交线路优化模型,并采用从左算法实现了合理搜索域内有效线路的穷举,通过多目标决策实现了优化模型的求解。计算结果表明:采用线网规划方法所得线网与实际规划结果基本一致,此外,由于设定了线路的关键性控制点及有效走行域,简化了线路搜索过程,提升了模型运算效率与精度,方法具有实用性。     

Surface reconstruction by structured light projection

A rapid and practical method is proposed to reconstruct surface based on the linked structured light stripes which are produced by structured light projection. The subpixel points on a stripe are linked firstly one by one to form a stripe ensemble which is then transformed to a point ensemble in 3D space. The initial mesh with local optimization is generated by triangulating each two adjacent point ensembles. In order to obtain a better mesh, our improved edge flipping algorithm is employed to optimize the initial mesh globally. Because of employing the information of the linked structured stripes, our reconstruction algorithm is performed fastly. Moreover, the subpixel points on each stripe are already linked on the captured images such that they do not require the high sampling density. The experiments show that the proposed method constructs a surface rapidly and effectively.