泡沫铝填充圆管轴向动力屈曲及吸能特性研究

研究了泡沫铝填充圆管结构在轴向冲击下的动力屈曲和吸能特性.采用显式动力有限元方法,模拟了结构在轴向冲击作用下的动态屈曲,并从压溃力和比吸能2个方面分析了其吸能特性.研究表明,泡沫铝填充圆管在轴向冲击下会发生失稳现象,在实际应用中应采取保护措施.结构冲击吸能时,在相同冲击速率情况下,其吸能能力随冲击刚体质量的增加而提高.通过对填充圆管在不同冲击速率情况下的特性分析,表明其可用作塑性限位器.     

用非线性有限元的方法研究准静态加筋方形管压溃破坏中加强筋的影响

在船舶碰撞和搁浅中,薄壁结构在轴向压力条件下的压溃破坏是一种重要的破坏模式.本文用非线性有限元方法研究了准静态条件下纵向和横向加强筋对加筋方形管压溃破坏的影响.基于实验结果和数值仿真的结果,给出了新的等效板厚和平均压溃载荷计算公式.计算结果表明新的平均压溃载荷计算公式能够更好地拟合实验结果.     

折叠式夹芯层结构耐撞性能研究

折叠结构是将平板按有规律的线系网格进行局部褶皱而得到的立体结构,是一种新颖的夹芯层结构,可以提高结构吸能特性,改善结构的耐撞性能。文章利用非线性软件MSC.Dytran数值仿真分析了折叠式夹芯层结构在碰撞载荷作用下的力学行为,评估其平均压皱强度及吸能特性;研究了结构参数尺寸对耐撞性能的影响。分析表明,折叠式夹芯层结构在碰撞载荷作用下具有良好的吸能特性,是理想的吸能单元;各结构参数对结构耐撞性能产生不同程度的影响,进行结构参数优化研究可进一步提高结构的吸能。     

折叠式夹芯层结构耐撞性能研究

折叠结构是将平板按有规律的线系网格进行局部褶皱而得到的立体结构,是一种新颖的夹芯层结构,可以提高结构吸能特性,改善结构的耐撞性能.文章利用非线性软件MSC.Dytran数值仿真分析了折叠式夹芯层结构在碰撞载荷作用下的力学行为,评估其平均压皱强度及吸能特性;研究了结构参数尺寸对耐撞性能的影响.分析表明,折叠式夹芯层结构在碰撞载荷作用下具有良好的吸能特性,是理想的吸能单元;各结构参数对结构耐撞性能产生不同程度的影响,进行结构参数优化研究可进一步提高结构的吸能.     

复合材料船舶底部结构搁浅的性能研究

应用有限元软件ABAQUS/explicit对复合材料船中底部结构与礁石碰撞的动力学过程进行仿真模拟。通过对比分析复合材料船舶在不同航速以及不同材料铺层下的船底结构的搁浅性能,包括接触力、结构吸能及速度变化历时过程,研究表明,在船舶搁浅过程中,船舶初始速度对搁浅性能有很大影响;船舶骨材的吸能要显著于板材;复合材料的铺层形式对搁浅性能的提高具有一定作用。     

蜂窝式夹芯层结构横向耐撞性能数值仿真研究

蜂窝式夹层板结构具有强度高、结构轻等优越的性能,其中夹芯层结构起关键作用。文中采用非线性有限元软件MSC/Dytran模拟仿真了蜂窝式夹芯层结构在横向冲击载荷作用下的渐进屈曲过程,分析了结构的耐撞性能,结构参数对耐撞性能的影响。研究分析表明:蜂窝式夹芯层结构在横向冲击载荷作用下具有稳定的压溃载荷、较长的有效行程,具有优良的吸能特性。结构密度是影响结构耐撞性能的关键因素;夹芯层高度对结构的耐撞性影响不大,增加结构夹芯层高度结构吸能增加。     

夹层板系统碰撞性能数值仿真分析

夹层板系统(SPS)具有优越的力学性能,在修船中应用广泛。夹芯层具有很好的缓冲作用,可作为耐撞结构应用于船舶结构设计,提高其耐撞性能。基于非线性有限元软件ABAQUS分析SPS在碰撞冲击载荷下的结构损伤变形、碰撞力和能量吸收等力学行为,并对比分析其与加筋板架、折叠式夹层板的碰撞性能,最后研究了自身结构尺寸参数对其碰撞性能的影响。研究表明,SPS具有良好的碰撞性能,优于加筋板架和折叠式夹层板。SPS自身结构参数对其碰撞性能有一定影响,面板厚度增加,上下面板吸能明显增加,比能随着面板厚度的增加呈下降趋势,对夹芯层的吸能及比能影响不明显。夹芯层高度增加,夹芯层和上面板吸能明显增加,上面板比能增加最快,对夹芯层和下面板的比能影响不明显。     

几种新型薄壁组合结构的轴向冲击吸能特性研究

金属薄壁管是一种有效的吸能结构，并且在吸能体系中得到了广泛应用。用非线性有限元方法研究了轴向冲击载荷作用下方形直壁管和锥壁管的吸能特性，基于提高结构的吸能能力的考虑提出了几种锥壁组合结构和具有引发机制的直壁组合结构。数值计算结果表明组合结构的吸能能力较之原始结构有显著提高。     

几种新型薄壁组合结构的轴向冲击吸能特性研究

金属薄壁管是一种有效的吸能结构,并且在吸能体系中得到了广泛应用.用非线性有限元方法研究了轴向冲击载荷作用下方形直壁管和锥壁管的吸能特性,基于提高结构的吸能能力的考虑提出了几种锥壁组合结构和具有引发机制的直壁组合结构.数值计算结果表明组合结构的吸能能力较之原始结构有显著提高.     

破冰结构与冰载荷相互作用下的破坏模式和损伤机理研究

本文首先利用LS-DYNA建立各向同性粘塑性有限元数值模型,并结合ISO推荐压强-面积理论曲线和相关学者的实验数据,验证数值模型的可靠性。其次,比较两种典型破冰结构的破冰机理和破冰效果,对破冰船在行进方向受到的阻力分别与首部外板倾角和水线面首部夹角的关系做了讨论。最后,分析了普通船舶船首与冰层碰撞时的损伤特点。结果表明：冰刀式破冰结构的破冰作业效率比压溃式更高,而压溃式破冰结构的安全性要比冰刀式更好;船舶与冰排相撞时,船首的易受损部位主要分布在首柱后侧临近区域和两侧船-冰接触区域,其中外板吸能最多,横向骨材吸收撞击时所产生的能量多于纵向骨材。因此,要结合实际航行水域的冰情、船舶功能和主机功率等因素,才能选取合适的破冰结构以达到最好的破冰效果;在破冰船船首设计和建造时,应增加船-冰碰撞区域船首外板的厚度,船首结构尽量采用横骨架式结构。     

On the global ship hull bending energy in ship collisions

During ship collisions part of the kinetic energy of the involved vessels immediately prior to contact is absorbed as energy dissipated by crushing of the hull structures, by friction and by elastic energy. The purpose of this report is to present an estimate of the elastic energy that can be stored in elastic hull vibrations during a ship collision.When a ship side is strengthened in order to improve the crashworthiness it has been argued in the scientific literature that a non-trivial part of the energy released for structural deformation during the collision can be absorbed as elastic energy in global ship hull vibrations, such that with strong ship sides less energy has to be spent in crushing of the striking ship bow and/or the struck ship side.In normal ship–ship collision analyses both the striking and struck ship are usually considered as rigid bodies where structural crushing is confined to the impact location and where local and global bending vibration modes are neglected. That is, the structural deformation problem is considered quasi-static. In this paper a simple uniform free–free beam model is presented for estimating the energy transported into the global bending vibrations of the struck ship hull during ship–ship collisions. The striking ship is still considered as a rigid body. The local interaction between the two ships is modeled by a linear load–deflection relation.The analysis results for a simplified model of a struck coaster and of a large tanker show that the elastic energy absorbed by the struck ship normally is small and varies from 1 to 6% of the energy released for crushing. The energy stored as elastic global hull girder vibrations depends on the ship mass, the local stiffness of the side structure, and of the position of contact. The results also show that in case of highly strengthened ship sides the maximum global bending strains during collisions can lead to hull failure.     

强夯置换法在码头前沿区地基处理中的应用

强夯置换法综合了强夯加固和复合地基的优点,经济有效,但其夯击能在地基中产生的波场对周围建筑物产生着冲击作用,常常制约着其应用。采用特殊的小底面积置换夯锤,并采用渐变的夯击能量,应用强夯置换法对码头前沿区地基进行了加固处理。结果证明,应用此工艺,能有效地控制夯击能量对已有码头建筑的影响,处理后的地基亦满足工程需要。     

泡沫铝填充薄壁结构吸能分析

研究了4种截面形式的泡沫铝填充薄壁结构的吸能特性。采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA显式动态有限元分析软件,对结构轴向冲击过程进行仿真,给出了作用反力、吸能效率随轴向压缩位移的曲线,并讨论了截面形式、冲击速度、薄壳材料和泡沫铝密度等参数对结构吸能的影响,为合理的抗冲击结构设计提供参考。     

A benchmark study of procedures for analysis of axial crushing of bulbous bows

Simplified methods to estimate mean axial crushing forces of plated structures are reviewed and applied to a series of experimental results for axial crushing of large-scale bulbous bow models. Methods based on intersection unit elements such as L-, T- and X-type elements as well as methods based on plate unit elements are employed in the analyses. The crushing forces and the total absorbed energy obtained by the simplified analyses are compared with those obtained from large-scale bulbous bow experiments. The accuracy and the applicability of these methods are discussed in detail.     

On Impact mechanics in ship collisions

The purpose of this paper is to present analytical, closed-form expressions for the energy released for crushing and the impact impulse during ship collisions. Ship–ship collisions, ship collisions with rigid walls and ship collisions with flexible offshore structures are considered. The derived mathematical models include friction at the contact point so that situation where the collision results in a sliding motion is included. Results obtained by application of the present procedure are compared with results obtained by time simulations and good agreement has been achieved. In addition, a number of illustrative examples are presented. The procedure presented in the paper is well suited for inclusion in a probabilistic calculation model for damage of ship structures due to collisions.     

Simplified analytical method for evaluating web girder crushing during ship collision and grounding

The paper presents a simplified analytical method to examine the crushing resistance of web girders subjected to local static or dynamic in-plane loads. A new theoretical model, inspired by existing simplified approaches, is developed to describe the progressive plastic deformation behaviour of web girders. It is of considerable practical importance to estimate the extent of structural deformation within ship web girders during collision and grounding accidents. In this paper, new formulae to evaluate this crushing force are proposed on the basis of a new folding deformation mode. The folding deformation of web girders is divided into two parts, plastic deformation and elastic buckling zones, which are not taken into account for in the existing models. Thus, the proposed formulae can well express the crushing deformation behaviour of the first and subsequent folds. They are validated with experimental results of web girder found in literature and actual numerical simulations performed by the explicit LS-DYNA finite element solver. The elastic buckling zone, which absorbs almost zero energy, is captured and confirmed by the numerical results. In addition, the analytical method derives expressions to estimate the average strain rate of the web girders during the impact process and evaluates the material strain rate sensitivity with the Cowper-Symonds constitutive model. These adopted formulae, validated with an existing drop weight impact test, can well capture the dynamic effect of web girders.     

薄壁钢护筒-钢筋混凝土柱偏心受压破坏机理研究

薄壁钢护筒与钢筋混凝土联合受力架空直立式作为一种新的码头结构形式逐渐被应用到实际工程中,然而绝大多数的组合构件处于偏心受压状态。目前对应用于码头结构的薄壁钢护筒-钢筋混凝土组合结构偏心受压承载性能的研究较少,还未有定论。对薄壁钢护筒-钢筋混凝土柱进行单向偏心受压承载性能试验,通过各试件的破坏状态和试验数据,得到荷载-应变曲线,分析其破坏机理。结果表明:钢护筒壁厚的增大和偏心率的减小对结构承载性能提升有直接影响,可为实际工程中的结构设计提供参考。     

近距空爆载荷下钢板/聚脲复合结构动响应特性仿真

[目的]为探讨聚脲涂层对钢板抗爆性能的提升机制,掌握背涂聚脲层对钢板动响应特性的影响规律,对钢板/聚脲复合结构的抗爆动响应过程进行仿真研究.[方法]采用LS-DYNA软件对钢板/聚脲复合结构在近距空爆载荷作用下的变形/失效过程及吸能机制进行数值仿真,并与文献试验结果进行对比,验证数值仿真方法的合理性和准确性.在此基础上...     

Energy dissipation in high-energy ship-offshore jacket platform collisions

Ship collisions with offshore structures may be characterized by large amounts of kinetic energy that can be dissipated as strain energy in either the ship, or the installation, or shared by both. In this paper a series of FE numerical simulations are performed with the aim of providing a clearer understanding on the strain energy dissipation phenomenon, particularly upon the ship-structure interaction. Ships of different dimensions and layouts are modelled for impact simulations. Likewise, three platform jacket models of different sizes and configurations are considered. The collision cases involve joints, legs, and braces and are simulated for several kinetic energy amounts of the vessels and different impact orientations. An overview of the plastic deformation mechanisms that can occur in both ship and jacket structure is also given. The results from the various models with different collision scenarios are compared in terms of the strain energy dissipation with respect to the different ship/installation strength ratios. From the FEA simplified approaches are also derived in terms of the relative stiffness of the two structures for assessing the responses and energy absorptions of the two structures. The conclusions drawn from this study can be applied to a broader range of collision assessment of offshore steel jacket platforms subjected to high-energy ship impacts.