锥体海洋平台结构冰荷载的离散单元分析

在冰区油气开发中,锥体结构可以有效降低冰力,避免强烈的冰激振动,是目前渤海油气平台的主要结构形式。为研究海冰与锥体结构的相互作用过程,文章建立了适用于模拟海冰破碎特性的离散单元模型。该模型将海冰离散为若干个具有粘接-破碎功能的颗粒单元,并通过海冰弯曲试验确定了单元间的粘接强度;然后对海冰与锥体结构的作用过程进行了数值计算,获得了相应的动冰荷载及冰振响应;在此基础上讨论了不同锥角影响下冰荷载及结构振动响应的变化规律。结果表明,水平方向冰荷载及结构冰振响应随锥角的增加明显增加,而竖直方向冰荷载则显著降低。该离散单元模型还可进一步应用于不同类型抗冰结构的冰荷载分析,有助于解决冰区结构物的抗冰结构设计和冰致疲劳分析。     

基于Hilbert-Huang变换的抗冰导管架平台损伤识别研究

渤海海域的抗冰导管架平台每年冬季都会受到海冰作用从而产生严重的冰激振动问题.对冰振危害进行监测与分析是保障冰区现役抗冰平台安全作业和降低冰害损失的重要研究内容.本文针对导管架结构长期处于冰振情况下结构可能存在隐性损伤的问题,采用Hilbert-Huang变换的方法开展结构损伤识别的研究.首先利用通用有限元分析软件ANSYS对冰荷载作用下的导管架平台模型进行瞬态动力学分析,进而对动力响应信号进行Hilbert-Huang变换,得到信号的固有模态函数(IMF)和Hilbert能量边际谱,最后通过结构损伤前后Hilbert能量边际谱的变化构建损伤指标,分析对比不同损伤程度下该损伤指标的有效性,并探讨海冰的冰速、冰厚对该损伤指标的影响.研究工作可以为寒区导管架结构在冰振情况下的损伤识别研究提供借鉴和参考.     

冰激自升式钻井平台的动力响应分析

由于冰荷载研究的限制,冰区自升式钻井平台尚未形成基于动冰力响应分析的结构设计。为了合理地开展自升式平台结构的抗冰概念设计与安全评价研究,冰荷载下自升式钻井平台的动力响应分析是十分必要的。该文首先分析该类柔性结构在动冰荷载下的动力特性;其次,结合开展的自升式平台冰荷载模型实验研究,明确带齿条桩腿的自升式平台冰荷载作用形式;最后,对渤海某自升式钻井平台在典型冰况下进行冰振动力响应分析。文中的研究对冰区自升式钻井平台抗冰设计及冰振安全评估提供了合理的参考。     

导管架平台冰致疲劳分析

针对冰区导管架平台存在的疲劳问题,提出冰致疲劳时域分析流程。以某浮拖式导管架平台为研究对象,基于我国辽东湾海冰参数的概率分布情况,划分得到24个疲劳子工况,考虑作用于平台桩腿锥体和井口区隔水导管群上的动冰载荷,采用ANSYS参数化设计语言编制该平台的冰激强迫振动分析程序,对其进行各疲劳子工况下的动力时域分析。基于雨流计数法计算该平台泥面以上42个管节点的等效应力幅值和循环次数,进而由S-N曲线和Minor线性累计损伤法则得到其冰致疲劳损伤和疲劳寿命。研究结果表明:平台构件的疲劳寿命最短为78.9 a,能满足设计的服役年限的要求;导管架疲劳损伤弱点位于井口区第一水平层与桩腿连接位置,该区域是平台日常维护的重点。     

冰区海上风机结构的冰激疲劳寿命分析

冰载荷是诱发冰区海上风机结构疲劳破坏的重要因素,通常采用加装抗冰锥体的方式将海冰的挤压破坏转化为弯曲破坏,从而减小峰值载荷并削弱冰激振动。针对锥体风机结构在冰载荷作用下的疲劳寿命开展分析。基于渤海辽东湾某海域的现场监测数据确定了有效冰期、冰厚、冰速等疲劳分析参数,在冰速0～100 cm/s、冰厚0～30 cm范围内均匀划分50种疲劳工况,并将二者的联合概率分布作为疲劳工况的发生概率;采用具有粘结-破碎功能的球体离散单元构造海冰模型,计算风机与平整冰相互作用时的冰载荷时程及对应的热点应力;采用雨流计数法提取热点应力时程中的有效循环次数,根据S-N曲线和Miner线性累积损伤准则进一步计算其冰激疲劳寿命;最后将计算结果与通过锥体结构随机冰力函数构造冰载荷时程而得到的疲劳寿命相比较,验证了基于海冰离散单元模型的冰载荷时程构造方法的安全性与可靠性。     

圆筒形生活平台开孔疲劳寿命评估

对圆筒形生活平台主船体结构中的开孔及其周围的加强进行疲劳寿命评估,通过应用子模型技术较好地实现开孔附近结构和网格的细化,选取施加最大动载荷的单一工况来计算最大的应力幅值,结合简化疲劳分析方法对各种疲劳敏感的节点类型进行疲劳寿命评估,结果表明,经加强的开孔,其疲劳寿命满足平台设计寿命的要求.     

抗冰海洋平台的全寿命优化设计II-算法与应用

针对抗冰海洋平台全寿命优化设计模型中的不同类型可靠度分析问题,提出了相应的计算方法,包括冰区导管架平台整体抗力和极值冰力响应的概率统计特性及整体可靠度的高效近似算法,基于首次超越破坏机制的海洋平台冰振动力可靠性分析,基于等效应力幅值近似计算的疲劳寿命分析等.最后.以渤海某抗冰平台为例,实现了全寿命总费用最小的抗冰海洋平台优化设计.结果表明,基于风险的全寿命优化模型比基于规范的静力设计和仅考虑动力的最优设计相比更加合理.     

p-y曲线法和m法在桶基平台计算中的对比研究

桶形基础平台作为一种新形式的海洋平台,发展前景广阔,但是,人们对它的研究非常有限。文中利用ANSYS有限元软件,采用p-y曲线法和m法作为土体和桶形基础相互作用的理论依据,对桶基平台在波流等一系列荷载作用下分别进行建模,进行对比分析。指出在桶基平台结构受力分析中p-y曲线法能更好地反映土体和桶基的非线性特性。     

抗冰海洋平台的全寿命优化设计Ⅱ—算法与应用

针对抗冰海洋平台全寿命优化设计模型中的不同类型可靠度分析问题,提出了相应的计算方法,包括冰区导管架平台整体抗力和极值冰力响应的概率统计特性及整体可靠度的高效近似算法,基于首次超越破坏机制的海洋平台冰振动力可靠性分析,基于等效应力幅值近似计算的疲劳寿命分析等。最后,以渤海某抗冰平台为例,实现了全寿命总费用最小的抗冰海洋平台优化设计。结果表明,基于风险的全寿命优化模型比基于规范的静力设计和仅考虑动力的最优设计相比更加合理。     

海上测风塔结构冰振响应分析

为明确海冰作用下高耸结构的冰振响应问题,以渤海冰区海域某海上测风塔为例,对比测风塔与渤海导管架平台的动力特性,确立测风塔的冰载荷模型。基于ANSYS软件对测风塔结构在不同冰况下的抗冰性能进行分析,结果表明,冰激稳态振动下,结构的动力放大系数可达6.7;极端工况下,结构上部的振动加速度响应可达2.64g,远大于结构的抗震设防烈度(0.2g)。冰激稳态振动发生时,工作甲板法兰连接处振动加速度显著并且持续时间较长,可能造成法兰松动。该测风塔结构对抗冰性能考虑不足,应采取适当措施避免冰激稳态振动的发生。     

海上风机吸力式桶形基础竖向承载力特性研究

吸力式桶形基础作为一种新型的海上风机基础,正逐渐以单桶或者多桶组合形式被应用于海上风机支撑基础设计中。然而目前对应用于海上风机基础的桶形基础的极限承载力的研究仍存在研究不全面和结果不统一的问题。本文以宽浅型单桶基础为例,采用有限元软件Abaqus对海上风机吸力式桶形基础在饱和黏土地基中的竖向承载特性进行三维有限元分析。考虑桶土接触面分离条件对极限承载力和土体破坏模式的影响,并且对桶形基础长径比、土体的有效重度以及土体不排水抗剪强度分布对桶形基础竖向极限承载特性的影响进行分析。研究成果可以为海上风机吸力式桶形基础设计提供参考。     

Bucket Group Effect of the Composite Multi-bucket Structure

As a novel type of foundation in beach and shallow sea,the bucket structure is especially suitable for complex conditionssuch as soft clay ground and the worse types of sea environments.In this paper, the bearing capacity of a multi-bucket structure isstudied by experiments with a single bucket and four-bucketfoundation in a saturated sand layer. Based on the experimentaldata and numerical analysis results, the bearing capacity behaviorand the bucket group effect are compared and analyzed.Furthermore, some influential factors, such as the soil type, theratio of length to diameter L/D, the ratio of the bucket spacing tothe bucket diameter S/D, and the bucket number are introduced andtheir effects on the multi-bucket structural capacity are investigatedThe vertical static capacity adjustment factor is introduced toevaluate the bucket group effects of the multi-bucket foundation.     

筒形基础安装失败案例分析

结合现场筒形基础安装全过程,有针对性地记录安装失败的关键环节,利用筒形基础设计及理论知识对贯入力、负压贯入过程和土塞效应影响进行全面地剖析,带有建设性意见地提出了导致筒形基础安装失败的原因,对日后该形式海工结构物海上安装具有一定的工程借鉴意义。     

Dynamic impedances and load carrying mechanism for skirted foundations

Dynamic impedances of foundations include dynamic stiffness and damping which have important effect on the internal forces in the structure. In some cases, such as offshore wind turbines, the influence of the foundation impedances on the system's natural frequency and overall damping could potentially have a significant effect on the fatigue life of the structure. The vertical, horizontal and rocking impedances of a skirted foundation (also termed bucket foundation in offshore wind industry) embedded in a fully saturated poroelastic seabed are addressed in this paper. The vertical impedance is most relevant for jacket foundations supported on three or four bucket foundations, while horizontal and rocking impedances are applicable for mono-bucket foundations. The dynamic vibration problems are solved semi-analytically with the help of dual integral equations and Green's functions. Numerical results for dynamic impedances are obtained; damping ratio are also obtained to show the importance of radiation damping for bucket foundations, even at very small excitation frequencies. The influence of length-to-radius ratio, Poisson's ratio, permeability of soil, excitation frequency and thickness-to-radius ratio on the impedances are also studied. Besides, the dynamic load sharing among the top plate, bucket shaft and bucket tip is obtained for vertical load, horizontal load and moment to shed light on the carrying mechanism of bucket foundation at dynamic working loads. It is found that for a rigid bucket foundation, even when the length-to-radius ratio is small (e.g. l/a = 1.0), most of the loads are carried by the shaft, while the top plate and tip of the bucket take only a small portion of the loads. The results of this study will be helpful for understanding the load-carrying mechanism of offshore bucket foundations for normal operation conditions.     

Research on the calculation method of penetration resistance of bucket foundation for offshore wind turbines

The cost of foundations for offshore wind turbines constitutes approximately 35% of the total cost of an offshore wind farm. The bucket foundations show significant potential due to their superior transportation and installation efficiencies compared to pile foundations, leading to potential cost savings for the foundation of up to 30%. For a bucket foundation to be installed successfully, the penetration resistance must be predicted. However, there is currently a lack of clarity on how to select a suitable calculation method for penetration resistance based on known geological parameters to guide construction. In order to evaluate the current methods of calculation for bucket foundation penetration resistance, this study combines theoretical calculation methods with two sets of practical measurement data from the field. The calculation methods of penetration resistance for bucket foundation are first reviewed and categorized. The applicability range of each method and the parameters needed for calculation are given. Next, according to the measured data in the process of penetration of bucket foundation on site, the evolution of compartment pressure, tilt angle, resistance and required suction in the process of penetration are analyzed. Finally, the reviewed methods are compared to the results of two practical projects in order to analyze the differences between them and make recommendations for the calculation technique. The findings can be used as a guide for calculating the bucket foundation's penetration resistance in complex geological conditions.     

干舷高度影响筒型基础平台拖航试验研究

文章以某筒型基础平台为研究对象,在拖航速度、筒的位置以及波浪条件一定的前提下,通过模型试验测定筒型基础平台在不同干舷高度下顺浪和逆浪拖航时在横荡、纵荡和垂荡方向上的加速度、筒内气压力和筒底水压力以及拖航中的拖缆力,通过对试验数据进行整理分析,研究不同干舷高度下筒型基础拖航的受力机理。试验结果表明,在拖航中,干舷高度的取值高于系缆点的位置和低于平台入水的自然干舷,并且必须保证有一定的水塞高度来防止筒型基础漏气引起的倾覆。对于该平台,取干舷高度为1.0m进行拖航是安全的。     

桶型基础在负压作用下的屈曲分析

桶型基础是一种新型的基础结构形式 ,它采用短粗圆柱薄壳结构 ,利用负压原理安装 ,当基础非常接近海床时 ,裙端在横向没有约束 ,在静水压力作用下极易产生屈曲 ,是结构最危险的状态。本文将此时的结构简化为一端固定 ,一端自由的圆柱薄壳 ,采用经典线性屈曲理论 ,通过选取轴向梁函数与周向三角形函数的组合作为屈曲挠度函数 ,得到了桶型基础在一端固定 ,另一端自由边界条件下的线弹性屈曲的解析解。同时采用工程实例进行计算 ,并与有限元计算进行了对比 ,获得了比较满意的结果。根据本文的理论方法编制的程序简单明了 ,计算方便 ,非常适合于实际工程中的预算和评估。     

Static and dynamic loading behavior of a hybrid foundation for offshore wind turbines

Considering the deficiencies of the traditional monopile foundation for offshore wind turbines (OWTs) in severe marine environments, an innovative hybrid foundation is developed in the present study. The hybrid foundation consists of a traditional monopile and a wide–shallow bucket. A series of numerical analyses are conducted to investigate its behavior under the static and dynamic loading, considering various loading eccentricities. A traditional monopile with the same steel volume is used as a benchmark. Although the monopile outperforms the hybrid foundation in terms of the ultimate moment capacity under each loading eccentricity, the latter can achieve superior or the same performance with nearly half of the pile length in the design loading range. Moreover, the horizontal load and moment are mainly resisted by the bucket and the single pile in the hybrid foundation respectively. The failure mechanism of both the hybrid foundation and the monopile is excessive rotation. In the rotation angle of 0.05 rad, the rotation center is located at the depth of approximately 0.6–0.75 times and 0.65–0.75 times the pile length for the hybrid foundation and the monopile respectively. The increasing loading eccentricities can lead to increasing moment bearing capacity, increasing initial stiffness and upward movement of the rotation center of the two foundations, while decreasing load sharing ratio of the single pile in the hybrid foundation. Three scenarios are considered in investigating the dynamic loading behavior of the hybrid foundation. Dynamic response results reveal that addition of the bucket to the foundation can restrain the rotation and lateral displacement effectively. The superiority of the hybrid foundation is more obvious under the combined wave and current loading.     

基于时域的桶型基础海洋平台结构-土壤相互作用分析

桶型基础是一种新型的海洋基础结构型式。在负压作用下的下沉过程中,其结构与地基产生了相互作用。本文从土壤的固结理论出发,应用有限元分析方法,考虑了渗流的影响,对桶型基础结构与土壤的相互作用进行时域分析。应用时域分析的计算结果与模型试验结果进行了比较,获得了比较好的结果。     

箱筒型基础防波堤基础筒土压力数值模拟研究*

通过将波浪荷载作用下箱筒型基础防波堤问题简化为平面应变问题,利用有限元数值模拟,分析在波浪荷载作用下防波堤基础筒壁的土压力分布和发展变化情况。数值计算表明:波浪荷载作用下港侧基础筒外土压力有显著增长,海侧基础筒外土压力有显著降低,是影响防波堤稳定的重要因素。中间隔墙内土压力变化微小,土体与防波堤位移大致相同。海侧基础筒港侧内墙和港侧基础筒靠海一侧内墙上土压力分别发生一定程度的降低和一定程度的增长。同时分析了用于稳定性简化计算的极限状态下各路径上的土压力近似分布。