潜艇新型整流方法的设计与试验研究

潜艇桨盘面处伴流的不均匀性是造成潜艇螺旋桨在旋转过程中产生振动和噪声的重要原因。分析了潜艇桨盘面伴流场,认为潜艇马蹄涡是影响伴流不均匀性的关键因素。基于对潜艇马蹄涡产生机理的分析,提出运用整流片来削弱马蹄涡的影响、降低潜艇桨盘面伴流不均匀性的尾流控制方法。开展了潜艇模型尾部伴流风洞测量试验,试验结果显示整流片能够使潜艇桨盘面伴流不均匀性下降30%至50%,证明了整流片的尾流控制效果,展现了整流片广阔的工程应用前景。     

水下航行体两种降噪艉附体形式的应用研究

为降低水下航行体的螺旋桨噪声,研究两种降噪艉附体形式的降噪效果。首先分析水下航行体马蹄涡的形成原因,认为马蹄涡对桨盘面处伴流产生了不利影响。研究增加艉翼过渡和安装消涡整流片两种控制马蹄涡的方法,分析其削弱马蹄涡强度的原理。将这两种方法应用于某无人水下航行体(UUV),开展实际航行状态下的噪声测量试验。结果显示:设置艉翼过渡使UUV航行噪声总声源级降低了2.4～4.4 dB,设置消涡整流片使噪声降低了0.1～1.4 dB。     

肥大型船整流附体的性能研究

肥大型船从船舯到船艉,船体的横剖面形状及其面积变化剧烈,从而导致在桨盘面处产生"钩"状或"兔耳"状的舭涡,通过加装整流附体的方式来改善桨盘面处的伴流分布,对于螺旋桨的减震降噪、螺旋桨推进效率的提高是一种有效的措施。基于CFD技术,在准确预报了某肥大型船伴流场的基础上,参考流经桨盘面的三维流线绕船体分布的特点,分别设计了螺旋桨前置导管、补偿导管和整流鳍,预报并分析了各附体对船体尾流场的影响,分析了整流附体的工作机理,比较了工作于各附体伴流场中螺旋桨的效率。计算结果显示,加装整流附体后,桨盘面处的舭涡消失了,并且三种附体对螺旋桨的效率都有显著的提升。     

基于CFD的涡尾船改型优化设计

通过CFD方法计算模拟涡尾船原型与优化改型的尾部流场;通过对比桨盘面处轴向、周向速度分布,得出优化改型比原型轴向伴流更均匀,改善了螺旋桨的工作条件,增大了来流的周向速度,提高了螺旋桨的推进效率。模型试验验证了计算结果的合理性,说明船舶优化设计中采用合理的数值计算方法是可信的,可以提高设计研究效率。     

节能增效和抑制联体涡空泡的整流导管应用研究

文章以整流导管为研究对象,借助水池模型试验,结合数值计算方法,分析整流导管抑制联体涡空泡和节能增效特性。研究结果表明,整流导管能降低桨盘面峰值带的伴流梯度,均匀伴流场,抑制联体涡空泡,大幅度地降低脉动压力值;另一方面,整流导管还能产生推力,降低推力减额分数,提高船身效率,起到节能增效作用。     

船尾桨前垂向整流鳍的减振机理研究及其应用

文章认为在船尾型线设计中若不考虑横剖线的UV度、各水线去流角大小等对船体振动的不利影响,很可能会导致艉部水流异常;螺旋桨盘面处非定常及分布不均匀的艉流将直接导致船体剧烈振动.针对发生了该类有害振动的船舶,介绍一种安装于船尾的垂向整流鳍.通过引用水动力不平衡导致螺旋桨激振力产生的基本原理,探讨垂向整流鳍整流使螺旋桨盘面处原艉流场发生有利改变的实质,揭示船尾桨前垂向整流鳍的减振机理.以实例说明该整流鳍在消除该类振动方面的突出效果.     

53000t散货船节能优化的改造技术研究

为有效提升53000 t散货船的能效水平,降低运营碳强度,通过建立对船+桨前节能装置+高效桨+舵整体系统相互干扰的流场、阻力和自航性能预报的CFD技术体系,对原船螺旋桨进行优化设计,并开发出与新设计桨相互匹配的前置伴流导轮和消涡鳍2个附体节能装置,分别起到改善螺旋桨进流及消除螺旋桨尾部毂涡的作用.船模试验表明:通过本次...     

附体对潜艇阻力及尾部伴流场的影响

针对SUBX潜艇模型,采用数值计算手段,开展附体对潜艇阻力及尾部伴流场的影响分析。计算表明,附体导致潜艇粘压阻力的显著增加,以及伴流场不均匀性的产生。稳定翼对桨盘面半径内伴流场不均匀性的影响较大,而指挥室围壳主要影响桨盘面半径外伴流场不均匀性。从降低阻力和改善伴流场角度考虑,需开展附体外形、位置及与主艇体连接形式的深入研究。     

螺旋桨梢涡及梢涡空泡数值模拟

以PPTC(Potsdam Propeller Test Case)桨为研究对象,探索了螺旋桨梢涡及梢涡空泡的数值模拟方法。通过梢涡区域的划分及网格加密,对螺旋桨无空化流场进行了数值模拟,成功捕获了梢涡;然后基于均质混合流模型和Zwart-Gerber-Belamri空化模型对空化流场进行了数值模拟;并将计算结果与试验数据进行了广泛的比较和分析,以校验计算网格和计算方法。研究表明:无论片空泡还是梢涡空泡的计算结果均与试验观测吻合良好;同时,所得螺旋桨推力和扭矩系数也与试验值符合良好;有效地实现了梢涡捕捉及梢涡空泡模拟。同时指出,水中含气率对推力和扭矩系数的影响大于空泡形态。     

某油船漩涡发生器的伴流场和激振力数值分析

某型苏伊士油船尾部流动分离明显,舭涡较强,桨盘面伴流均匀性较差.通过对该船尾部流场进行数值分析,开发、设计了漩涡发生器装置,以改善桨盘面伴流均匀性,降低船体尾部振动.对安装该装置前后的该油船的伴流、激振力性能进行对比计算,分析该装置的流场适配性,并进一步对船体尾部激振力数据进行傅立叶分析,验证该装置的减振效果.     

Investigation on the vortex structure of propeller wake influenced by loading on the blade

The vortex structure of the wake behind a marine propeller was investigated in terms of loading variation by using particle image velocimetry. One hundred and fifty instantaneous velocity fields were ensemble averaged to study the spatial evolution of the wake and the behavior of the tip vortices in the region ranging from the trailing edge to one propeller diameter downstream. The trailing vorticity was found to be related to the radial velocity jump, and the viscous wake was affected by the boundary layers developed on the blade surfaces. A vortex identification method using the swirling strength was employed to extract the location of the tip vortex. The loading on the blade made a clear difference to the contraction angles. Slipstream contraction occurred in the very near wake region, and unstable oscillation occurred because of reduced interaction between the tip vortex and the wake sheet behind the maximum contraction point for each loading condition. The maximum tangential velocity around the tip vortex center revealed the average radius of its core, which was used for calculating the vortex strength. Additionally, variation of the average radius of tip vortices with the change of blade loading was related to vortex tube stretching in the wake region. The nearly constant vortex strength continued up to one diameter downstream for light loading and design loading conditions.     

On the mechanism of the bursting phenomena of propeller tip vortex cavitation

 The bursting phenomenon of tip vortex cavitation of a propeller sometimes causes severe high-frequency vibration, but its mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we carried out model experiments by changing the propellers, wake distributions, thrust coefficients, and cavitation numbers parametrically, examined the bursting phenomenon with a high-speed video camera, and measured the pressure fluctuations caused by the phenomenon. We also measured flow distribution around the tip vortex. As a result, we found that in the bursting phenomenon, large pressure fluctuations occurred twice, and that they strongly depended on the wake distribution. Two means were suggested to suppress the bursting phenomenon, other than changing the wake distribution: stabilizing tip vortex cavitation or reducing the cavity volume. Numerical fluid simulations around a propeller in noncavitating, unsteady conditions were also conducted, and the strength of the tip vortex along the circumference and its derivative were examined. As a result, the phenomena were parameterized by the time derivative of the strength of the tip vortex, and if it was higher than a threshold value, the tip vortex cavitation burst. Therefore, it is possible to predict the occurrence of the bursting phenomenon by numerical analysis. Received: November 6, 2001 / Accepted: January 24, 2002     

螺旋桨梢涡流场的DES模拟

文章应用分离涡模型（DES）对螺旋桨尾流中梢涡流场分布进行了数值研究。为准确模拟螺旋桨梢涡流场的信息,应用全六面体网格对螺旋桨计算域进行网格划分,通过迭代计算确定螺旋桨梢涡涡核的位置。为避免数值离散误差,对梢涡区域进行了网格加密处理。为了研究螺旋桨梢涡空间形态,文中采用涡核识别的“Q准则”,对螺旋桨梢涡等值面进行定义。计算结果表明,该文建立的尾流中梢涡流场分布数值模拟方法能够准确预报出螺旋桨梢涡流场的分布及涡核形状,与实验测量结果相符。     

Comparative measurements on the flow structure of a marine propeller wake between an open free surface and closed surface flows

In order to investigate the effects of a free surface on the wake behind a rotating propeller, experiments were carried out in a circulating water channel for two cases: one with an open free surface and one with a closed free surface covered by a rigid plate. Four hundred instantaneous velocity fields were measured using a two-frame particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique at four different blade phases. These were ensemble-averaged to investigate the time-averaged flow structure in the near-wake region. For a surface ship, the flow behind the propeller is influenced by the hull wake and the free surface. The phase-averaged mean velocity fields show the potential wake and the viscous wake formed by the boundary layers developed on the blade surfaces. The interaction between the bilge vortices and the incoming flow along the ship’s hull deforms the wake structure. Tip vortices are generated periodically, and the slipstream contraction occurs in the near-wake region. The free surface was found to affect the axial velocity component and vortex structure behind the propeller. As the flow goes downstream, the tip and trailing vortices dissipate due to turbulent diffusion and active mixing with adjacent vortices.     

导管剖面设计对导管螺旋桨水动力特性的影响

运用计算流体的方法对导管螺旋桨的叶梢漩涡、螺旋桨周围流场和推力特性进行计算,并且通过组合不同类型的导管对比分析了梢涡的改善方法和推力性能的优化方案.计算结果表明:调整导管螺旋桨中的导管迎角,并延长导管有助于改善导管螺旋桨梢涡的产生和改善桨毂后的尾流,有利于提高导管螺旋桨的稳定性;增大导管迎角并延长导管能够使桨叶上荷载和推力分布更加均匀;在进速系数J=0.4左右,导管螺旋桨性能更优,也更高效.本文结论有助于设计出性能优良的导管螺旋桨.     

吊舱式CRP推进系统理论设计研究

采用螺旋桨旋涡理论和低阶速度势面元法对吊舱式CRP进行适伴流设计。在吊舱给定的前提下对前后桨进行升力线设计和升力面修正,吊舱与前后桨之间的相互影响通过诱导速度来考虑,且诱导速度作为伴流的一部分,并采用面元法进行非定常水动力性能预报。通过实例设计分析可知:在设计进速条件下,采用该方法设计的吊舱式CRP系统与设计的单桨相比,其效率可提高8.533%,设计吊舱式CRP尾流周向诱导速度明显小于单桨时的速度。     

粘流方法的螺旋桨尾流场数值分析(英文)

The computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method is used to numerically simulate a propeller wake flow field in open water.A sub-domain hybrid mesh method was adopted in this paper.The computation domain was separated into two sub-domains,in which tetrahedral elements were used in the inner domain to match the complicated geometry of the propeller,while hexahedral elements were used in the outer domain.The mesh was locally refined on the propeller surface and near the wake flow field,and a size function was used to control the growth rate of the grid.Sections at different axial location were used to study the spatial evolution of the propeller wake in the region ranging from the disc to one propeller diameter(D) downstream.The numerical results show that the axial velocity fluctuates along the wake flow;radial velocity,which is closely related to vortices,attenuates strongly.The trailing vortices interact with the tip vortex at the blades’ trailing edge and then separate.The strength of the vortex shrinks rapidly,and the radius decreases 20% at one diameter downstream.     

带前置定子的导管桨片空泡数值预报及梢涡空泡起始判别研究

对水下航行体后带前置定子的导管桨片空泡和梢涡空泡起始进行研究。首先,采用基于混合网格的RANS求解器结合Singal空泡模型,数值模拟带前置定子导管桨片空泡形态,并与试验结果进行对比,预报的片空泡形态与试验结果吻合良好,表明用该方法预报水下航行体后带前置定子导管桨片空泡可行;其次,对水下航行体后带前置定子的导管桨多个方案全湿流动进行了数值模拟,通过梢部端面的最小压力值判断空泡起始,与试验结果进行比对,其吻合良好,表明可用该方法判别梢涡空泡起始。     

应用涡流发生器抑制联体涡空泡研究

为解决某散货船螺旋桨模型空泡试验中发现的桨一船联体涡空泡,以及由此而引起的船体强烈振动,文中通过试验进行了涡流发生器控制桨一船联体涡空泡的应用研究.研究结果表明:船体周围的流动是造成桨一船联体涡空泡的主要原因,通过改变桨的设计不能根本解决问题;通过安装适当的涡流发生器能够成功抑制桨一船联体涡空泡的产生,并使螺旋桨空泡诱导的船体脉动压力减小1/2～1/3左右.