国内首台混合动力跨运车开始调试

近日,振华重工自主研制的第5代跨运车进入调试阶段。本次研制的跨运车首次采用了油电混合动力,由柴油发电机组和锂电池共同提供动力,是国内首台混合动力跨运车。该跨运车吊具下额定起重量50 t,满载工况行驶时速26 km,可堆放2层集装箱,不仅满足市场对环保的需求,同时提高跨运车的行驶性能,具有广阔的市场前景。集装箱跨运车是集装箱装卸设备中的主力     

K35轻型集装箱跨运车电气系统

结合广州鱼珠码头使用的K35轻型集装箱跨运车的研制工作，对集装箱跨运车电气系统在设计、制造和调试中遇到的问题以及处理方法进行分析和探讨，并展望跨运车的发展前景。     

国外集装箱跨运车的发展现状与技术分析

论述国外集装箱跨运车的生产与使用情况，对集装箱跨运车的车体结构型式、动力及传动系统，吊具及升降系统等各组成部分的技术情况进行分析，并预测集装箱跨运车的未来发展趋势。     

以跨运车替代拖挂车的集装箱码头工艺方式

随着跨运车技术的发展,跨运车工艺方式有利于提高码头作业效率的优势得到重视,采用跨运车替代常规的拖挂车和集装箱门式起重机工艺方式中的拖挂车,不但能够提高码头作业效率而且车辆配置的成本降低。     

负荷敏感节能技术在集装箱跨运车上的应用研究

介绍了集装箱跨运车的应用范围和前景,依据我国对港口装卸设备的节能环保要求,提出了基于负荷敏感节能技术的集装箱跨运车液压系统,可实现跨运车的无级变速,动作平稳可靠,操纵轻便灵活,安全可靠,作业效率高,符合我国港口装卸设备节能降耗和防污减排的整体要求.     

轻型集装箱跨运车的技术特性与应用分析

介绍了轻型集装箱跨运车的技术特性,并对其应用性进行了分析.轻型集装箱跨运车以柴电机组替代柴油机-液力变速箱驱动,提高了维护保养性能,降低了设备造价, 具有广阔的应用前景.     

跨运车东山再起

跨运车是应集装箱运输发展的需要而诞生的码头专用设备,由于其兼具陆上装卸、堆垛和水平运输等多种功能,因此早期在集装箱码头得到广泛应用,尤其受到欧洲集装箱码头的青睐.跨运车在我国集装箱码头应用较少,目前只有某些较早开展集装箱业务的老码头还在使用.随着集装箱运输规模不断扩大,尤其是集装箱船舶大型化进程加快,码头堆场的作业量急剧上升,跨运车在堆场作业中的弱势日益明显,现在几乎已被轮胎式或轨道式龙门起重机取代,因此,跨运车曾一度不被码头经营人看好.     

跨运车行走用轮边减速器设计

介绍了一种跨运车行走用轮边式减速器设计。减速器嵌入跨运车车轮的中空部位,与轮毂直接相连,由二级行星齿轮传动机构、制动油缸、活塞、弹簧、摩擦盘等组成,对其主要结构的设计计算进行了说明,对复杂变径轴进行强度校核,采用Miner Rule法进行轴承寿命校核。该设计可很好地满足跨运车大车行走动力传递、行车和驻车制动要求。     

升降式集装箱跨运车的开发

现代跨运车有2个发展方向:1个是向轻型化发展,更加强调搬运速度,它的出现减少了集卡的用量,从而突破了岸桥功能提高后造成码头集卡作业的"瓶颈";另1个是向大型化、高层堆码方向发展,在现有的集装箱跨运车中堆码3层的约占70％,堆码4层的机型也已出现.但堆码高度受到质心的限制,因为过高的质心会影响跨运车的行驶安全性和稳定性.     

跨运车自动化引导系统在码头中的应用

集装箱自动化装卸是当今世界各大码头发展的必然趋势,自动化装卸工艺主要以"岸桥+跨运车+轨道吊"自动化流程为普遍形式。CPS系统是目前自动化流程应用最多的跨运车自动化引导系统之一,但是该系统依然存在引导定位精度不足的问题。本文在介绍CPS系统设计与应用的基础上,结合码头实际生产中发现的问题,提出一套光电检测系统,与CPS系统共同引导跨运车,从而提高引导精度及效率,减少现场工作人员数量,提高生产的安全性。     

航海风险识别、评估和控制

因航运业高速发展和海员职业流动性加快,导致全球高级船员紧缺,已引发高级船员提升周期缩短、航海经验不足等现象。航海事故造成人员伤亡、财产损失和污染海洋环境等已严重威胁公共安全,航海事故预防和风险控制越来越受到人们关注。船舶海上事故频发,与船员对海上风险,尤其是船员对人为因素与事故的关系的认识不足有关。通过重点介绍航海风险,提高船员对本船和自身存在的风险意识,采取相应的防范措施。     

Evolving the subspace of the three-dimensional multiscale ocean variability: Massachusetts Bay

A data and dynamics driven approach to estimate, decompose, organize and analyze the evolving three-dimensional variability of ocean fields is outlined. Variability refers here to the statistics of the differences between ocean states and a reference state. In general, these statistics evolve in time and space. For a first endeavor, the variability subspace defined by the dominant eigendecomposition of a normalized form of the variability covariance is evolved. A multiscale methodology for its initialization and forecast is outlined. It combines data and primitive equation dynamics within a Monte-Carlo approach.The methodology is applied to part of a multidisciplinary experiment that occurred in Massachusetts Bay in late summer and early fall of 1998. For a 4-day time period, the three-dimensional and multivariate properties of the variability standard deviations and dominant eigenvectors are studied. Two variability patterns are discussed in detail. One relates to a displacement of the Gulf of Maine coastal current offshore from Cape Ann, with the creation of adjacent mesoscale recirculation cells. The other relates to a Bay-wide coastal upwelling mode from Barnstable Harbor to Gloucester in response to strong southerly winds. Snapshots and tendencies of physical fields and trajectories of simulated Lagrangian drifters are employed to diagnose and illustrate the use of the dominant variability covariance. The variability subspace is shown to guide the dynamical analysis of the physical fields. For the stratified conditions, it is found that strong wind events can alter the structures of the buoyancy flow and that circulation features are more variable than previously described, on multiple scales. In several locations, the factors estimated to be important include some or all of the atmospheric and surface pressure forcings, and associated Ekman transports and downwelling/upwelling processes, the Coriolis force, the pressure force, inertia and mixing.     

船用五螺杆泵低噪声工艺技术

本文通过对现有的某船用五螺杆泵的频谱特征和振动特性进行分析,找出主要振动噪声源,通过改进进口流道面积,并对现有的螺杆加工工艺进行研究和优化改进,改进后的设计通过样机的制造,并经过试验对比分析,进一步验证方法的可行性和预期减振效果。     

钢-混凝土箱型组合斜拉桥主梁混凝土收缩徐变分析

组合梁斜拉桥兼有混凝土和钢结构的优点,但作为两种材料的结合体,混凝土收缩徐变会引起组合截面的应力重分配,可能促使混凝土裂缝的提前出现或加速裂缝的扩展,从而降低结构的受力性能和耐久性。采用有限元方法分析了混凝土收缩徐变对组合梁斜拉桥主梁应力重分布的影响,并对混凝土的加载龄期的影响进行了参数分析。计算结果表明：混凝土加载龄期越早,组合截面的应力重分布越明显;混凝土收缩徐变对混凝土桥面板的应力影响不大,但对钢梁应力影响较为显著,钢梁的应力增量达到钢材容许应力的30%左右。     

Chemical and mineralogical composition of marine sediments, and relation to their source and transport, Gulf of Carpentaria, Northern Australia

The Gulf of Carpentaria is an epicontinental sea, deeply indented in the north of the Australian continent. A selection of 100 samples of the surficial marine sediments collected on a regional grid were analysed for major chemical elements and mineral phases using wet chemistry, X-ray diffraction, optical and electronic microscopy.The surficial sediments of the Gulf are highly heterogenous and consist of both young and relict mineral and carbonate components. The terrigenous fraction is fluvial in origin and consists mainly of quartz (16–68%), minor feldspars (0–9%) and traces of siderite. The clay species determined include kaolinite, mixed layers of smectite–illite and illite; clays range up to 15% and do not present a clear pattern of distribution. Biologically productive areas of the Gulf, mainly in shallower parts, supply the carbonate component of the sediment. The carbonate material is comprised of aragonite (7–30%), low-Mg (5–30%) and high-Mg calcite (7–28%), and has variable degrees of alteration caused by sediment transport and/or diagenesis. Such processes are partly reflected in the regional distribution of mineral and chemical components throughout the Gulf. The interpretation of the data set was further refined by cluster analysis (Ward's method), which separated eight clusters (provinces) of sedimentary material. The eastern side appears to be the main source of both terrigenous and carbonate sediment, which is inferred to be transported clockwise. During this dispersion, physicochemical and mineralogical changes take place; the sediments become finer grained and characterised by more stable species of carbonates. As a consequence, the center and the northwest sections are clay-rich and contain dominantly low-Mg calcite.Ooids are relict components that have been identified in areas in which they were not mentioned by previous studies, notably in the southeast. These carbonate particles consist of concentric layers of aragonite deposited around a nucleus of angular quartz, most likely of fluvial origin.This study indicates a complex history over a short time frame with sediment supply, biological production and current patterns being the main factors that control the sediment character and its regional distribution within the Gulf.     

Collaborative Integrated Management in Canada's North: The Role of Local and Traditional Knowledge and Community-Based Monitoring

The objective of this article is to take stock of integrated management in the Canadian North, assessing its contribution to the advancement of knowledge and practice regarding the role of indigenous knowledge and community-based monitoring. This is done in three steps. (1) The Beaufort Sea, designated a Large Ocean Management Area under Canada's Oceans Action Plan, is used as an example of a consultative planning process, with special attention to indigenous peoples. (2) How specifically can indigenous knowledge contribute to integrated management? The problem of Arctic marine food web contamination is used to illustrate the strengths and limitations of traditional ecological knowledge and its relationship to science. (3) The discussion of community-based monitoring relies on Voices From The Bay study involving the Inuit and Cree of Hudson and James Bay, and Inuit observations of climate change study in the Canadian western Arctic. The examples together address integrated coastal management and the health of ocean ecosystems, showing how stakeholder participation and knowledge helps widen the range of knowledge to understand and help monitor environmental change.     

气囊助浮方法在沉箱溜放、拖运中的应用

用气囊助浮法溜放沉箱下水可以在不配备半潜驳设备的情况下,利用既有预制厂的条件,完成预制厂下水滑道尾端水深受限制的大吃水沉箱的溜放和拖运。文中以大连港新港改扩建二期15#、16#泊位水工工程为例,介绍了采用橡胶气囊助浮沉箱下水溜放、拖运的新工法,阐述了气囊助浮沉箱的原理,探讨了气囊助浮沉箱的浮游稳定计算方法。     

A review of physical flexible ship models used for hydroelastic experiments

Hydroelasticity of ships has been established as a necessary form of investigation for both slender ships and high-speed craft. Experimental investigations have spanned various topics, including symmetric and antisymmetric, harmonic and transient, linear and nonlinear responses. Models have varied in size and the way the structure is modelled, depending of the focus of the investigation. The multitude of interacting physical mechanisms introduce almost-impossible-to-resolve scaling issues, and the eventual compromises depend on the aim of the investigator. This publication provides a comprehensive review of the evolution of these experimental techniques, from the first appearances of the field to the modern state-of-the-art and potential future directions.     

便携式船舶液舱容积查询系统的设计

介绍了便携式船舶液舱容积查询系统的软硬件设计思路。该系统通过现场获得液面高度,输入纵倾值、视密度、视温度等参数后,由人机界面自动显示液舱内油品的质量和容量,并可对输入参数以及计算结果进行存储记录,减少了现场计量人员查表计算的工作量,提高了工作效率,保证了计量结果计算的准确可靠性,便于数字化管理和事后检验。     

Characteristics of low-frequency motions of ships moored inside ports and harbors on the basis of field observations

In order to understand characteristics of low-frequency motions of ships moored inside ports and harbors, analysis on actual cargo handling logbook of stevedoring services company, including events of interruption of cargo handling, and countermeasure for ship mooring problems are investigated by field observations at two ports and numerical simulation on moored ship motions. First model port concerns with interruption of cargo handling due to the low-frequency motions. Second model port relates to a resonant effect of long-period waves or harbor oscillations, and its countermeasure by mooring system. From the investigation, it is confirmed that the low-frequency motions of ships are induced by a resonance between surge motions and long-period waves or harbor oscillations and an asymmetry in the mooring system, and affect safe ship mooring and operation efficiency of cargo handling in ports and harbors significantly.