轨道交通区间隧道工作中的长管棚施工工艺

为了提高隧道施工的水平,以黄河南路站—锦江路站区间隧道建设项目为例,对公路隧道施工过程中的隧道软弱围岩支护施工技术进行全面、深入的研究,阐述支护体系应用的必要性与效能、长管棚支护的施工原理及施工关键点,结合长管棚施工工艺在项目中的实践状况进行分析,论证长管棚施工工艺的效能。     

京源口隧道突水涌泥地段综合处治技术

文章针对京源口隧道右线出口洞内断层带在施工中发生较大突水涌泥坍方的现象,介绍了采取注浆加固坍体、长管棚注浆超前支护等综合处治措施。     

乌鞘岭隧道左线出口下穿既有线施工

文章介绍了兰武线乌鞘岭隧道左线出口下穿既有线区段时对既有线采取的加固方法,以及对隧道正洞采用的管棚和小导管施工技术.     

砒霜坳隧道右线出口浅埋软弱围岩的施工方法

本文主要介绍京珠高速公路粤境北段砒霜坳隧道右线出口浅埋软弱围岩段的施工方法及工艺,包括地表加固、设置明洞、回填反压、长管棚注浆超前支护、双侧壁导坑以及监控量测,取得显著成效,保证了施工进度和安全.     

长大管棚超前支护穿越Ⅵ级围岩施工技术

文章结合洛湛铁路YQ9标清水隧道出口大管棚工程实例,并根据大管棚施工技术规范,简要分析和总结了长大管棚在Ⅵ级围岩中的施工技术,为同类施工提供参考。     

考虑施工过程的浅埋软弱隧道管棚变形预测及参数敏感性分析

目前的隧道管棚计算方法和理论解析存在计算繁杂,计算参数的选择对分析结果的正确性影响较大且无法获得精确的理论解或简化的计算公式等问题。文章基于Winkler弹性地基梁理论,考虑隧道施工过程中围岩扰动特性、支护未封闭不完全承载特性、地层反力系数差异特性及荷载分布不均匀特性,建立了管棚超前预支护变形理论计算模型,并通过求解24阶方程组获得超前管棚预支护理论解析。结果表明:1)解析解与数值解和现场实测值吻合度较高,解析解可用于管棚变形预测;2)管棚直径、开挖进尺、地层反力系数均存在最优参数取值,环向间距与管棚变形呈正比例关系,管棚长度并非越长越好,只需满足管棚远端超前掌子面前方2倍台阶高度即可;3)实际施工过程中,通过调整管棚参数来控制隧道拱顶沉降效果从优到劣的顺序为:开挖进尺、注浆改善地层力学性质、环向间距、直径、长度。     

隧道管棚设计参数的确定

管棚作为超前预支护辅助措施,广泛应用于隧道和地下工程建设领域。分析并确定隧道管棚的设计参数,为管棚施工、设计提供参考。     

无工作室管棚技术的研究与应用

在复杂隧道及地下工程施工中,大管棚作为一种行之有效的超前预支护手段发挥了极其重要的作用.然而,常规管棚施工技术存在施工工序多、工作室扩挖工程量大、成本投入高、质量安全难于确保等多种弊端.文章在常规管棚施工技术基础上,大胆提出取消管棚工作室,通过对管棚孔定位及顶进进行优化和调整,形成了无工作室管棚施工工法;同时结合工程实例,从技术可行性、经济合理性、安全可靠性及施工方便性等方面论证了该工法的优越性,并在齐岳山隧道F11断层中成功应用.     

朋山岭隧道长管棚支护施工技术

本文根据泉州南惠高速公路朋山岭隧道进口段长管棚支护的施工实践,介绍了如何有效控制地表下沉,防止出现大面积塌方,实现快速安全进洞的长管棚支护施工技术。     

跟进式管棚在隧道洞口松散破碎地层中的应用

针对山岭隧道洞口松散破碎地层常规引孔顶入法管棚施工存在管棚孔坍孔送管困难的问题,文章以来都高速公路某隧道洞口管棚施工为工程背景,介绍了跟进式管棚施工工艺在隧道洞口松散破碎地层的应用情况,并阐述了该工艺的施工流程、施工方法、施工要点及支护效果。应用效果表明,在松散堆积体、围岩破碎等自稳能力差的地层中采用跟进式管棚施工,速度快、超前支护效果较好、结构安全。     

Survey of R&D in PRT systems

A survey of research and development in advanced transit has been made by Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in cooperation with Trans21 in Boston. Summary findings are reported for fourteen academic research programs and ten development programs for PRT. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference of PRT and other Emerging Systems held in Minneapolis in 1996.     

管道风险分析指数评分法中分值调整初探

管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一（各因素的分值范围都是0～100分）,为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。     

A century of evolution of the accessibility concept

The concept of accessibility has acquired numerous meanings along multiple dimensions during the century of its evolution. This essay argues for the salience of two dimensions: application-based and definition-based. In its application, accessibility has incorporated positive and normative dimensions which have varied in prominence over time. In its definition, accessibility has varied between a mode of evaluation incorporating measured mobility and proximity, on the one hand, and a predefined market basket of urbanist improvements to transportation and land use systems, on the other. Advocates of the accessibility shift should emphasize both the measured approach to accessibility and accessibility’s normative side.     

Real-world gaseous and particle emissions of a Bi-fuel gasoline/CNG Euro 6 passenger car

The objective of the present study is the assessment of the environmental impact of a bivalent (bi-fuel) vehicle, running either on gasoline or compressed natural gas (CNG). To that aim, a Euro 6 passenger car was tested under various real-world driving conditions. In order to cover the full range of conventional powertrains currently in the market, the tests were also repeated on a Euro 6 diesel passenger car. Both cars were driven in two routes, the first complying with the regulation limits and the second going beyond them. Carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and particle number (PN) emissions were recorded using a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS). Apart from the aggregated emission levels, in g/km, the exact emission location along the route was also assessed. Natural gas proved beneficial for CO and PN emissions, the level of which always remained below the respective legislation limits. On the other hand, under the dynamic driving conditions with gasoline, the relevant limits were exceeded. Cold start, occurring at the beginning of the urban part, and motorway driving were identified as major contributors to total emissions, especially in gasoline mode. However, the application of natural gas was associated with a penalty in NO_x emissions, which were significantly increased as compared to gasoline. Local peaks within the urban part were identified in CNG mode. In any case, the diesel vehicle was by far the highest NO_x emitter.     

Seaport performance analysis using robust non-parametric efficiency estimators

Abstract

Seaport services have been developing year on year, playing an increasingly important role in the economy and the transportation markets of each country. This increases interest in measuring their performance. This paper evaluates the performance of a set of European seaports by means of robust non-parametric approaches. Using order-m and bootstrap procedures, the major problems of traditional data envelopment analysis and free disposal hull methods – concerning noise, presence of outliers and the ‘curse of dimensionality’ – are overcome. With this study considerable levels of inefficiency were found in the European seaports sector.     

Bicycle parking: a systematic review of scientific literature on parking behaviour,parking preferences,and their influence on cycling and travel behaviour

ABSTRACT

Cycling is experiencing a revival in many cities. Research has focused on the determinants of cycling – in particular the role of the built environment and road infrastructure. Bicycle parking has received little attention – even though bicycles are parked most of the time. This article reviews the scientific literature on bicycle parking and identifies existing gaps in research and knowledge. The review analyses 94 peer-reviewed papers identified through a search in Scopus and Web of Science, in December 2017. The annual number of papers increased 15-fold between 1995 and 2017. Overall, the level of evidence on the importance of bicycle parking is limited. The majority of studies are based on cross-sectional data with the presence of parking as a binary independent variable. Most studies focus on bicycle parking at public transport stops and at work places. Few studies report on bicycle parking throughout cities, and hardly any on parking at residential locations. Bicycle parking supply and quality appears to be a determinant of cycling for current and potential cyclists. Our findings can serve as input for an evidence-based debate on the role of bicycle parking. For practitioners, our research supports investment in bicycle parking, but acknowledges that a proper evaluation of such initiatives needs to be conducted to increase the level of evidence.     

Multilevel analysis of daily time use and time allocation to activity types accounting for complex covariance structures using correlated random effects

In this paper multilevel analysis is used to study individual choices of time allocation to maintenance, subsistence, leisure, and travel time exploiting the nested data hierarchy of households, persons, and occasions of measurement. The multilevel models in this paper examine the joint and multivariate correlation structure of four dependent variables in a cross-sectional and longitudinal way. In this way, observed and unobserved heterogeneity are estimated using random effects at the household, person, and temporal levels. In addition, random coefficients associated with explanatory variables are also estimated and correlated with these random effects. Using the wide spectrum of options offered by multilevel models to account for individual and group heterogeneity, complex interdependencies among individuals within their households, within themselves over time, and within themselves but across different indicators of behavior, are analyzed. Findings in this analysis include large variance contribution by each level considered, clear evidence of non-linear dynamic behavior in time-allocation, different trajectories of change in time allocation for each of the four dependent variables used, and lack of symmetry in change over time characterized by different trajectories in the longitudinal evolution of each dependent variable. In addition, the multivariate correlation structure among the four dependent variables is different at each of the three levels of analysis.     

从"神经末梢"到"国际枢纽"——十六大以来广西交通发展综述

文章总结了党的十六大以来广西交通发展取得的成绩,指出广西交通正在从"神经末梢"发展为"国际枢纽",为广西经济社会发展提供了重要支撑。     

Increasing urban tram system efficiency,with battery storage and electric vehicle charging

This paper examines the possible placement of Energy Storage Systems (ESS) on an urban tram system for the purpose of exploring potential increases in operating efficiency through the examination of different locations for battery energy storage. Further, the paper suggests the utilisation of Electric Vehicle (EV) batteries at existing Park and Ride (P&R) sites as a means of achieving additional energy storage at these locations. The study achieves this through MATLAB modelling utilising captured GPS data and publically available information. This study examines the scenario of uni-directional substations with no interconnection between the overhead catenary for both directions of travel, and discusses the trade-offs between ESS size and required current limits.The results show the savings in both energy and basic CO₂ emissions alongside the discussion of Return on Investment (RoI) that can be achieved through the potential installation of ESS at identified ideal locations along the tram network. Moreover, this may be extended to the use of EVs as stationary ESS sited at the existing P&R facilities. Further, the model may also be used to inform future infrastructure upgrades and potential improvements to air quality within urban environments.