积分变结构控制原理在AUV航向控制中的应用仿真

文章研究了积分变结构控制在自主水下机器人(AUV)航向控制系统中的应用,建立了AUV水平面的非线性模型,并在特定的工作点对模型进行了线性化处理,得到了AUV的控制设计线性模型.根据变结构控制理论设计了积分变结构控制器,并给出了消除抖振的方法.仿真试验验证了该设计方法的有效性.     

AUV水下回收过程中的操纵性仿真研究

在建立自主水下航行器(简称 AUV)六自由度运动模型的基础上,基于势流理论建立了潜艇运动扰动流场对 AUV 扰动力的计算模型,并对回转体 AUV 在回收时靠近潜艇过程中的操纵性进行了仿真,仿真结果显示,AUV 在靠近潜艇的过程中,潜艇扰动流场对 AUV 深度和侧向位移有较大的影响,而对姿态角的影响较小,因此,回转体 AUV 可以稳定地完成水下的回收运动。     

某型AUV运载器的定位方法与误差分析

传统AUV依靠水下惯性导航设备自主定位的方法无法实时进行水下信息感知和系统控制。水声定位是AUV定位导航技术的一个研究领域,可用于水下运动目标定位与导航、水下静止目标勘测等。本文分析阐述三种经典AUV定位方法,进一步研究AUV快速定位解算原理,论证影响AUV运载器在深海工作时产生的定位误差来源并进行仿真试验分析,最终将研究成果应用在目前现有某型AUV运载器上,实现自身水下定位、导航与远程遥控。     

基于主从同步的欠驱动AUV与移动平台水下对接控制

许多应用场合要求水下自主航行器(AUV)与水下移动平台对接来实现能源补充和信息交换功能。针对欠驱动AUV与移动平台的水下对接问题,采用主从式同步跟踪策略,提出AUV接收目标的状态信息并控制自身位置与目标保持一致的控制方法,从而将AUV水下对接的问题转化为AUV与移动目标保持同步运动的问题。在给出移动目标和AUV的水平面线性化动力学模型基础上,设计了在常值海流影响下,欠驱动AUV同步跟踪由卡尔曼算法估计的目标运动轨迹的滑模控制器。使用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了离散滑模控制器的稳定性,并使用仿真实验验证该控制方案的有效性。     

AUV水下对接的发展与应用现状

为了更好地了解AUV水下对接技术,本文对AUV水下对接技术的现状进行梳理,介绍各个国家对于AUV水下对接系统的研究成果。同时,为进一步阐明AUV水下对接系统的结构,按照自动化实现难度对国内外的AUV水下对接系统进行归类总结。根据整个对接过程中使用的传感器、水下环境和需要的定位信息等因素,对国内外AUV水下对接系统的对接阶段进行划分,并分别讨论各个阶段所需要的导航传感器和定位信息。对于对接精度问题,从对接干扰、对接失误等方面阐述了AUV水下对接时存在的问题和解决方案,并归纳对接控制策略。最后结合AUV对接技术的最新成果,从多个方向探讨了其发展趋势。     

重于水型AUV模糊路径规划与优化

为了实现重于水型自治潜器(Heavier-Than-Water Autonomous Underwater Vehicle,AUV)在未知水下环境中的局部路径规划。首先根据AUV的运动方程和机翼升力特性,在Matlab中建立动力学模型。设计模糊控制器,以声呐对障碍物探测得到的距离和方位信息作为输入量,实现了AUV在水下障碍物环境中的路径规划。最后,为提高AUV的能量利用效率,用遗传算法对模糊控制器的隶属度函数进行优化,并通过仿真试验证明了优化后AUV在避障期间能源消耗更少,说明该路径规划方法具有实际应用价值。     

小型AUV动力定位建模与控制仿真

伴随着水下潜航器的进一步深入研究,AUV产品正朝着小型化、民用化的方向不断发展。以小型AUV为研究对象的水动力性能分析、路径规划、水下通信等问题成为AUV产品设计的核心所在。本文基于ITTC双参数波浪谱及漂移力计算公式,在Matlab中建立不规则波浪仿真模型,对AUV运动规律进行预测。搭建动力定位控制系统Simulink模型,基于粒子群算法优化PID控制器参数,对AUV进行定位控制研究。成功模拟小型AUV的工作水环境并搭建动力定位仿真台架,实现AUV的定位控制,为AUV水动力性能试验及动力定位系统的软硬件设计创造了条件,为小型AUV产品的设计实现奠定基础。     

AUV模块化对于操纵性的影响分析

AUV在水下的运动复杂且受到水动力的影响,在机械结构上有着模块化设计的AUV安装附加舱段势必会对运动性能产生变化,因此研究AUV在加装舱段后的水下操纵性变化问题。首先通过SolidWorks分别建立AUV与安装附加舱段AUV的几何模型,运用Ansys Fluent分别计算水动力系数;然后利用Matlab软件建立AUV的六自由度运动数学模型,最后以水平面回转运动、水平面Z形操舵运动以及空间定常螺旋下潜运动3个方面的操纵性仿真,对原AUV与加舱段AUV的操纵性进行预报并对比分析结果。结果表明,搭载了舱段的AUV相比原AUV会降低运动性能、应舵性能。     

基于模型融合的自主潜器推进系统故障诊断

采用对自主潜器(AUV)的全局状态模型与推进器局部模型融合的方法,实现对水下机器人推进系统的实时故障诊断.在诊断过程中,对AUV的特征状态参数进行残差信息融合,提出了故障诊断准则,保证了故障诊断的可靠性;并以仿真试验验证了该方法的有效性.     

欠驱动AUV的运动控制技术综述

欠驱动水下机器人由于在减轻系统质量、节约成本和能耗以及提高系统可靠性等方面的优点日益成为研究的热点。尤其是在水下机器人在海洋能源开发中发挥着不可或缺作用的今天,利用少于位形空间维数的控制输入控制欠驱动系统的运动具有非常重要的现实意义。结合水下机器人自身的运动特性,归纳了欠驱动AUV的控制特性,包括本质非线性、欠驱动特性、可控性、约束特性、平衡点特性等。综述了目前欠驱动AUV运动控制技术的主要研究成果,主要包括镇定控制和跟踪控制,并对今后欠驱动AUV的理论与应用发展方向进行了展望。     

矢量推进混合型水下运载器的概念设计研究

文章介绍了一种基于矢量推进方式的新型水下运载器的概念设计,提出了使用光纤微电缆(FOMC)连接蓝牙浮标实现半无线通信并应用于水下运载器的理念,对运载器的本体设计和控制方式进行了阐述,另外还基于MATLAB对控制上位机进行了仿真。作为一种新型水下机器人,它可以通过半无线控制,轻便灵活,实现五个自由度的运动,能在半人工控制和半自主运动的模式下,实现水下悬停、定深运动并能灵活回转和爬升下潜等,成为一种兼具ROV和AUV优点的混合型水下半自主航行器。     

自主式水下航行器水下回收融合引导技术方案及算法

[目的]为解决母艇携载的自主式水下航行器(AUV)在水下自主回收和对接的问题,基于惯导(INS)、声学超短基线定位(USBL)、光学等信号引导的多源数据融合,提出一种面向移动平台的AUV水下回收对接引导方法.[方法]为此,设计融合多传感器信息的扩展联邦卡尔曼滤波器,采用分散滤波并再经信息融合方法以提高滤波精度.分别以I...     

带吊舱水下机器人运动建模与仿真(英文)

To provide a simulation system platform for designing and debugging a small autonomous underwater vehicle’s (AUV) motion controller, a six-degree of freedom (6-DOF) dynamic model for AUV controlled by thruster and fins with appendages is examined. Based on the dynamic model, a simulation system for the AUV’s motion is established. The different kinds of typical motions are simulated to analyze the motion performance and the maneuverability of the AUV. In order to evaluate the influences of appendages on the motion performance of the AUV, simulations of the AUV with and without appendages are performed and compared. The results demonstrate the AUV has good maneuverability with and without appendages.     

3D Track-keeping Method for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

In this paper, 3D track-keeping control method for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) with and without the influence of ocean current is investigated. Because the system to be controlled is highly nonlinear and strong coupled, an approach is used to divide it into two subsystems. One is to control the heading and the track error on the horizontal plane. The other is to control the pitch and the track error on the vertical plane. The results of computer simulation show that the autopilot works properly, it can capture the current waypoint and turns to track the next path automatically.     

Power efficient formation configuration for centralized leader–follower AUVs control

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have rapidly developed in the last few decades due to their autonomous properties in the investigation of an underwater environment. The goal of this paper is to develop a power efficient formation control for the cooperative motion of AUVs with a support vessel as a leader. In this paper, a kinematic algorithm for the joint motion of an AUV with a support vessel was developed and that algorithm was expanded for the formation of AUVs. The AUV yaw, surge and sway control loops were designed for that purpose. The complexing navigation system structure for the AUV was also developed. Simulation results demonstrated efficiency of the proposed kinematic algorithm for the joint motion of AUVs. Also, influence of lateral ocean current was considered. After development of the centralized leader?Cfollower formation control for the group of AUVs with a support vessel as a leader, we optimized a formation configuration in terms of power efficiency. Drag forces caused by AUV motion in the water can significantly influence power consumption. We investigated the relationship between the AUV's formation configuration, underwater coverage efficiency, communication quality and power consumption. As a result of research, we proposed a power efficient formation configuration for typical underwater operations. As a result, the effect of the AUV formation configuration on the power consumption was investigated and a trade-off solution for the optimal AUV positions in formation with minimal energy consumption, high coverage efficiency and small communication power consumption was derived.     

欠驱动自主水下航行器的镇定及跟踪

针对仅带有轴向推力及偏航力矩的欠驱动自主水下航行器（AUV）,研究了其在水平面内的轨迹跟踪及定点调节问题。基于Lyapunov直接法及串接一反步技术,通过采用一种带有动力学震荡器的跟踪误差变换,设计了一种统一的连续时变状态反馈控制律,并给出了参数自适应更新律以估计AUV的非线性阻力参数,使得AUV的位置及方向角的跟踪误差全局渐近收敛于零点左右的一个邻域内,该区域可以为任意小,并且,AUV的跟踪性能与外界干扰的大小无关。仿真结果证明所提出的方法是有效的。     

Estimation of the hydrodynamic coefficients of the complex-shaped autonomous underwater vehicle TUNA-SAND

Hydrodynamic coefficients strongly affect the dynamic performance of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Thus it is important to have the true values of the coefficients in order to simulate the AUV’s dynamic performance accurately. Although these coefficients can be predicted by many methods, most are only applicable for AUVs with streamlined shapes. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be applied to estimate the hydrodynamic coefficients of AUVs with complex shapes. In this study, CFD was applied to estimate the hydrodynamic coefficients of the AUV TUNA-SAND (which stands for terrain-based underwater navigable AUV for seafloor and natural resources development), which has a complex block-like structure. First, the validity of the CFD simulation was verified by comparison with experimental results. Second, the relationships between hydrodynamic loads and motions for all six degrees of freedom were analyzed using the simulated results. Third, the importance of each hydrodynamic coefficient was investigated based on these relationships. There are 16 key damping coefficients that relate to viscosity and 12 key inertial coefficients that relate to the potential flow around TUNA-SAND. Finally, the values of all the key coefficients were obtained and verified by comparing the solutions of the simulated dynamics with the experimental results.     

矢量推进方式下的自主式水下航行器纵向运动操纵性分析

提出一种针对无人自主式水下航行器的新型操纵方式--矢量推进方式;建立矢量推进方式下无人自主式水下航行器纵向运动方程.对矢量推进方式和普通推进方式下的水下航行器的操纵性进行对比性的操纵性仿真计算,计算结果表明,矢量推进方式可以满足水下航行器的操纵性要求.     

水下潜器改进S面控制及控制系统仿真(英文)

S surface controllers have been proven to provide effective motion control for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). However, it is difficult to adjust their control parameters manually. Choosing the optimum parameters for the controller of a particular AUV is a significant challenge. To automate the process, a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm was proposed. It was based on immune theory, and used a nonlinear regression strategy for inertia weight to optimize AUV control parameters. A semi-physical simulation system for the AUV was developed as a platform to verify the proposed control method, and its structure was considered. The simulation results indicated that the semi-physical simulation platform was helpful, the optimization algorithm has good local and global searching abilities, and the method can be reliably used for an AUV.