两栖水上飞机起降安全风险传播机制

两栖水上飞机起降阶段事故频发,研究其安全风险具有重要意义.为了探究两栖水上飞机起降安全风险传播机理,基于疾病传染SEIRS模型,考虑两栖水上飞机起降安全风险的传播效应和延迟效应,构建了无标度网络上的两栖水上飞机起降安全风险传播延迟(D-SEIRS)模型,利用Routh-Hurwitz判据推导分析了模型平衡点的稳定性,求...     

基于SIMULINK的汽车高速行驶姿态的影响因素分析

基于MATLAB/SIMULINK,以3自由度汽车非线性动力学模型为基础,建立仿真模型对汽车行驶姿态进行仿真研究,并且模拟了汽车在极限行驶工况下的行驶姿态,较低的行驶速度,适当增加侧倾转向系数可以提高汽车的操纵稳定性。前正/后负车轮外倾角可以保证汽车在高速转向/制动时保持一定的恢复横摆力矩,提高行驶安全性。改变侧倾阻尼系数对高速转向的操纵性影响不大而对行驶的平顺性有较大影响。     

深水、泥岩地区栈桥设计与施工——兰新铁路第二双线八盘峡黄河特大桥栈桥施工技术总结

结合新建兰新第二双线八盘峡黄河特大桥栈桥方案设计和施工,提出了在比较坚硬的地质条件下施工栈桥设计时可不必着重强调钢管桩的入岩深度,可以采用加强构造设计的办法实现栈桥稳定性要求,很好地解决了深水、泥岩地区栈桥施工时钢管桩打入深度较浅的难题;对运营中的栈桥观测数据进行分析,验证了设计思路的的正确性;有关经验可为同类栈桥工程方案设计、施工提供参考。     

基于改进 Bow-Tie 模型的民航重着陆事件分析

为深入分析我国民航重着陆事件信息,为重着陆事故预防提供实际参考,提出改进的 Bow-Tie 模型。在原因辨识环节将原因归纳为人、机、环、管四个方面,并通过数量统计对所有原因和后果进行量化。利用该模型分析了262起重着陆事件的原因、后果,并制定相应的预防控制措施和减少控制措施,建立重着陆事件改进 Bow-Tie 图。以2016年河北航空发生的重着陆及尾撬擦地事件为例进行实证分析。结果表明,重着陆事件改进 Bow-Tie 图内容涵盖了一般重着陆事件可能涉及的原因及后果信息,并包含针对性较强的预防和管控措施,能够为重着陆事件的预防和风险控制提供参考。      

防抱制动系统计算机动态模拟

本文对双轴汽车进行了详细的动力学分析,建立了与防抱制动系统相关的数学模型,对装备有防抱制动系统的汽车制动过程进行了动态模拟,并分析讨论了防抱制动系统固有特性对汽车制动效能和稳定性的影响。     

湿滑条件下基于真实纹理道面的机轮着陆滑水行为解析

湿滑条件下的着陆滑跑是航空事故的高发区。为较为真实地反映湿滑条件下机轮的滑跑行为，需要建立包含真实道面纹理特征的滑跑模型。在提取真实道面形貌特征的基础上，通过解析湿滑条件下的机轮滑跑行为进一步反算其遵循的摩擦关系，以获得更加接近真实条件的摩擦模型；然后运用欧拉-拉格朗日（CEL）算法建立基于真实纹理形貌特征的道面-水膜-轮组的流固耦合模型，以摩擦因数、动水压力为分析指标来探讨速度、滑移率、水膜厚度以及道面类型对机轮滑水行为的作用规律，进而为提高飞机着陆的安全性提供理论参考。研究结果表明：A320型飞机着陆可能滑漂的危险区段为刚刚着陆阶段，随着速度的降低，道面支撑力会逐渐增大，而动水压力将逐渐减小；随着滑移率的增加，动水压力呈现出先减小后增大的趋势，当滑移率为0.15时，动水压力达到最小；关于水膜厚度的影响，水膜厚度小于3 mm时不会发生滑漂，而水膜厚度大于10 mm时极可能发生滑漂；当水膜厚度为7 mm时动水压力与飞机滑行速度、滑移率的相关性较大，可视为机轮发生滑漂的临界状态；最后，在其他条件一致的情况下，各道面类型的抗滑性排序为SMA > OGFC > AC > 平滑道面。因此，湿滑条件下，控制飞机着陆的初始速度和滑移率是减小航空事故、提高机场安全运行的有力保障。     

Dynamical Analysis of a Simple Vehicle on a Periodic Guideway

The dominant vertical motions of a simple vehicle traveling on a flexible periodic guideway is investigated. The mathematical model leads to a state equation with periodic coefficients and periodically jumping states. The aim of the paper is the dynamic analysis of the vehicle-guideway system with respect to stability, guideway deflections and vehicle accelerations. As alternative to the common simulation technique, the analytical solution based on Floquet theory is applied. Both methods are implemented in a computer program and used to perform a detailed parameter study which shows the dependence of the dynamical system behavior on the nondimensional system parameters.     

武汉阳逻长江大桥施工猫道抗风稳定性分析

研究了武汉阳逻长江大桥施工猫道在极限风荷载下的稳定性及动力稳定性。采用悬索桥的静风稳定公式计算了猫道静风失稳临界风速,设计超松驰迭代法进行了猫道静风失稳的非线性有限元分析验算,并估算了该猫道颤振临界风速。计算分析表明,该猫道的静、动力抗风稳定性满足要求,并据此提出了三种工程抑振措施。     

Aircraft Landing Gear Dynamics: Simulation and Control

The landing gear is an inevitable system for the aircraft. It absorbs the energy of the landing impact and carries the aircraft weight at all ground operations, including take off, taxiing, and towing. Numerical simulation has become an invaluable tool for the assessment of landing gear dynamics as well as of aircraft/landing gear interaction. This paper gives an overview of the landing gear requirements and illustrates landing gear operational conditions, i.e., the shimmy problem, the dynamics at touch down and at ground roll. Furthermore, three software packages used in the simulation of aircraft ground dynamics are presented. A look at flight simulators and landing gear test facilities follows. Finally, the possible application of controlled landing gears is discussed.     

多层封闭式人行斜拉桥风洞试验研究的结构动力特性模拟

深港皇岗/落马洲人行通道桥的主梁结构形式较为特殊,为三维空间杆系。在全桥气弹模型风洞试验中,必须采用实用的简化模型,该模型的主要振型应与实桥结构动力特性计算结果相同,相应频率满足相似关系。该文通过对深港人行桥风洞试验研究中结构动力特性模拟过程的分析,为同类复杂结构形式的风洞试验研究中结构动力特性模拟提供了较合理的方法。     

汽车磁流变悬置的动特性仿真研究

设计了一种用于某轿车的新型磁流变悬置结构,建立了其非线性动力学特性仿真分析数学模型,提出了模拟磁流变悬置动态特性的一种数值分析方法,应用MATLAB对其动态特性进行了仿真,分析了不同电流强度对该悬置动态特性的影响。     

连续下降进近(CDA)航迹的 Gauss 伪谱优化方法

针对优化恒定下滑角的直线连续下降进近(CDA)飞行航迹问题,采用高斯伪谱法将 Bolza型最优控制问题(OCP)转化成飞行器不同襟翼状态下的非线性规划问题,得出时间优化连续下降进近飞行航迹.对连续下降进近的飞行器建立动力学模型,确定飞行位置的状态变量及航迹角的控制变量,提出时间最小化性能指标.选取 B737-800机型,在终端区和飞行状态限制条件下利用 GPOPS工具仿真高斯伪谱法时间优化航迹,确定 TOD 位置和飞行速度控制曲线.并与其它 CDA 航迹算法进行比较研究.对比分析终端区17条 CDA 航迹及1条传统阶梯式进近航迹的进近状态,结果显示,采用高斯伪谱法获得的 CDA 航迹相比于传统进近航迹的下降时间缩短了16.67%,且优于其它算法获得的 CDA 航迹.验证使用高斯伪谱法优化 CDA 航迹可节省下降时间,提高航迹预测的精度和飞行控制系统的计算效率.      

基于滑模控制的时滞自动车辆跟随系统数学模型

基于非线性车辆动力学方程和固定车辆间距跟随策略,对具有时间滞后的自动化公路系统车辆纵向跟随控制问题进行了研究。在假定车队中的每个被控制车辆能够接收到车队领头车辆以及该车前面一个车辆的位移、速度和加速度信息的情况下,应用滑模变结构控制方法,通过对滑模运动方程的分析,得到了关于车辆间距误差的车辆纵向跟随系统的数学模型。该模型属于一类具有时间滞后的无限维非线性关联大系统。在具有时间滞后的车辆纵向跟随控制器设计中,利用该类非线性关联大系统的稳定性判定条件来设计控制参数,可确保车辆纵向跟随控制系统的稳定性。     

电磁驱动气门机构控制策略初探

分析了实现电磁驱动气门机构软着陆的控制困难，提出了一个开环控制策略，通过调节线圈电流来降低落座速度。进行了一系列试验来探讨电流时序及其对落座速度的影响，结果表明开环控制有一定局限性。     

大跨度结合梁斜拉桥抗风稳定分析

位于山区的大跨度斜拉桥,因峡谷风效应抗风稳定是桥梁分析的重点内容之一。以主跨360m的河口大桥为例,进行了该桥的动力特性分析及抗风稳定分析。分析结果表明,最大悬臂施工状态和成桥状态结构均满足抗风稳定要求,说明该结构体系抗风性能良好,其分析成果为同类大桥设计提供理论参考。     

基于刚体模态理论的动力总成悬置系统优化设计

以一轿车动力总成悬置系统为研究对象,建立动力总成悬置系统动力学模型,计算该模型的刚体模态,并在整车状态下进行动力总成悬置系统及车内方向盘和座椅导轨的振动测试。计算和实验结果表明,合理分配刚体模态频率和提高刚体模态解耦率对整车NVH性能有显著提高。     

落地梁的设计浅析及应用前景

该文以某地矿坑匝道落地梁桥为例,简述落地梁在实际工程中应用时的优缺点及应用前景。同时,应用通用有限元程序(SAP2000)对落地梁的正常使用状态和承载能力极限状态进行计算分析。其主要结论对该桥型的设计有指导性意义。     

Nonlinear PI front and rear steering control in four wheel steering vehicles

Vehicle steering dynamics show resonances, which depend on the longitudinal speed, unstable equilibrium points and limited stability regions depending on the constant steering wheel angle, longitudinal speed and car parameters.

The main contribution of this paper is to show that a combined decentralized proportional active front steering control and proportional-integral active rear steering control from the yaw rate tracking error can assign the eigenvalues of the linearised single track steering dynamics, without lateral speed measurements, using a standard single track car model with nonlinear tire characteristics and a non-linear first-order reference model for the yaw rate dynamics driven by the driver steering wheel input. By choosing a suitable nonlinear reference model it is shown that the responses to driver step inputs tend to zero (or reduced) lateral speed for any value of longitudinal speed: in this case the resulting controlled vehicle static gain from driver input to yaw rate differs from the uncontrolled one at higher speed. The closed loop system shows the advantages of both active front and rear steering control: higher controllability, enlarged bandwidth for the yaw rate dynamics, suppressed resonances, new stable cornering manoeuvres, enlarged stability regions, reduced lateral speed and improved manoeuvrability; in addition comfort is improved since the phase lag between lateral acceleration and yaw rate is reduced.

For the designed control law a robustness analysis is presented with respect to system failures, driver step inputs and critical car parameters such as mass, moment of inertia and front and rear cornering stiffness coefficients. Several simulations are carried out on a higher order experimentally validated nonlinear dynamical model to confirm the analysis and to explore the robustness with respect to unmodelled dynamics.     

Nonlinear PI front and rear steering control in four wheel steering vehicles

Vehicle steering dynamics show resonances, which depend on the longitudinal speed, unstable equilibrium points and limited stability regions depending on the constant steering wheel angle, longitudinal speed and car parameters.

The main contribution of this paper is to show that a combined decentralized proportional active front steering control and proportional-integral active rear steering control from the yaw rate tracking error can assign the eigenvalues of the linearised single track steering dynamics, without lateral speed measurements, using a standard single track car model with nonlinear tire characteristics and a non-linear first-order reference model for the yaw rate dynamics driven by the driver steering wheel input. By choosing a suitable nonlinear reference model it is shown that the responses to driver step inputs tend to zero (or reduced) lateral speed for any value of longitudinal speed: in this case the resulting controlled vehicle static gain from driver input to yaw rate differs from the uncontrolled one at higher speed. The closed loop system shows the advantages of both active front and rear steering control: higher controllability, enlarged bandwidth for the yaw rate dynamics, suppressed resonances, new stable cornering manoeuvres, enlarged stability regions, reduced lateral speed and improved manoeuvrability; in addition comfort is improved since the phase lag between lateral acceleration and yaw rate is reduced.

For the designed control law a robustness analysis is presented with respect to system failures, driver step inputs and critical car parameters such as mass, moment of inertia and front and rear cornering stiffness coefficients. Several simulations are carried out on a higher order experimentally validated nonlinear dynamical model to confirm the analysis and to explore the robustness with respect to unmodelled dynamics.     

复杂动力作用下加筋土挡墙内部稳定性分析

从加筋土挡土墙的特殊受力机理出发,对水平和竖向地震同时作用下加筋土挡墙进行了内部稳定性分析;研究了挡墙破裂面形状与位置,结合国内外一系列室内和现场足尺试验资料而确立了地震作用下加筋土挡墙的分析模型;通过挡墙的筋带拉断破坏和筋土粘着破坏分析,分别推导了加筋带的界限配筋率和临界长度计算公式,这两个公式能适用于多种实际的荷载工况(静力荷载和地震荷载),公式计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,可为加筋土挡土墙工程抗震设计及动力分析提供一定参考。