The effect of plastic constraint on the initiation of ductile tears in shipbuilding structural steels

In this paper, the effect of plastic constraint on the initiation of ductile tears in four different shipbuilding structural steels has been experimentally studied by measuring the J-integral and crack opening displacement COD at initiation in three-point bend specimens with deep and shallow notches. Experimental results of seven groups of different strength alloy steels show that both Si and Ji values of ductile tear from the shallow crack specimens which have less constraint flow field are significantly higher than those of deeply notched specimens. Slip-line-field analysis shows that, for shallow crack, the hydrostatic stress is lower than that from standard deeply cracked bend specimen, which develops a high level of crack tip constraint, provides a lower bound estimate of toughness, and will ensure an unduly conservative approach when applied to structural defects, especially if initiation values of COD and J-integral are used.     

A review of the Effect of α/W ratio on fracture toughness （Ⅱ） experimental investigation in LEFM

In part I of this series, experimental investigation in EPFM （elastic-plastic fracture mechanics） had been discussed. In this paper, experimental investigation in LEFM （ linear elastic fracture mechanics） is given. Fracture toughness tests had been carried out on three different strength steels, using both through-cracked specimens with different α/W ratio and semi-elliptical cracked specimens with variable crack size and shape. Results show that the fracture toughness KIC increases with decreasing α/W when α/W 〈 0.3 for three-point-bend specimens, and that for α/W 〉 0.3, it is independent of α/W. Shallow crack specimens, both through-cracked and surface-cracked, gave markedly higher values than deeply notched specimens. However, the effect of crack shape on fracture toughness is negligible. Results also show that the LEFM approach to fracture is not tenable for design stresses where αc is often very small, far less than 2.5 （ KIC/σy）^2.     

Assessment of Electric Power Quality in Ships＇ Modern Systems

The paper deals with the selected problems of electric power quality in ships‘ modern systems.In the introduction the fundamentals of electric power quality assessment, such as the relations and consequences among power quality phenomena and indices, secondly as the methods and tools as well as the appropriate instrumentation, have been shortly presented. Afterwards, the basic characteristic of power systems on modern ships has been given. The main focus of the paper is put on the assessment of electric power quality in ships‘ systems fitted with converter subsystems. The state of the art and actual tendencies in the discussed matter have been shown. Some chosen experimental results, based on the research carried out under supervision of the author, have been presented, too. Finally, some concluding issues have been shortly commented on.     

CCSI Faced with Transformation Year Calmly

In the year of 2012,CCSI,as one of major powers of CCS onshore business,achieved a low-profiled and satisfactory transformation.While most of the companies have been racking their brains to find a way to survive in the market crisis,CCSI has showed unconventional and calm spirits with regard to the future development.Opportunity exists everywhere and those who can take hold of it will win.     

英文导读

<正>Dear readers:This issue is prioritized to pursue the spirit of " Sixteenth Party' s Congress" by publishing in the column of "Port Reform" some articles dedicated to objects of port reform. Those articles mostly disclose varied modes of reforms applicable to individual entities that prove a profound enlightening to those still under processing of reform. In addition, the articles also reveal some difficulties and problems they have experienced in the reform. Our readers could think about that and put forward suggestions.     

船舶融资:瓶颈与构想

ship financing,though a sensitive subject,is an important factor of many issues,like those involving building Chinese ships abroad or Chinese ship flying foreign flag.Embarrassed by the current financing system in China.Our shipbuilding can't be grow faster.The report analyzes the situation and the problems of the current financing system faced by our shipbuilding industry,and some proposals have also been outlined regarding the solution of the problems.     

Analysis of Flux of Gas Passing Circle Lacuna

The rate of flow of the gas flowing through cirque chink often needs calculation in engineering. The characters of compressibility and thermodynamics have some effect on the gas flowing, so the analysis on the flow of gas is more complex than that of liquid. But under different conditions and different I'equirements of precision the analysis can be simplified suitably, then make the formulae given become simple subsequently. This paper analyzes various gas flux based on basic characters and motion laws of gas and the analysis is just applied in an engineering project.     

集装箱货运仿真模型在珠三角港港口投资方案评估(英文)

In the Pearl River Delta (PRD), there is severe competition between container ports, particularly those in Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou, for collecting international maritime container cargo. In addition, the second phase of the Nansha terminal in Guangzhou’s port and the first phase of the Da Chang Bay container terminal in Shenzhen opened last year. Under these circumstances, there is an increasing need to quantitatively measure the impact these infrastructure investments have on regional cargo flows. The analysis should include the effects of container terminal construction, berth deepening, and access road construction. The authors have been developing a model for international cargo simulation (MICS) which can simulate the movement of cargo. The volume of origin-destination (OD) container cargo in the East Asian region was used as an input, in order to evaluate the effects of international freight transportation policies. This paper focuses on the PRD area and, by incorporating a more detailed network, evaluates the impact of several infrastructure investment projects on freight movement.     

海险遭遇挑战

On 3 May 2003,a COSCO cargo carrier “Fu Shan Hai“ collided with a Polish containership in the sea east of Denmark and sank later. It was reported that the insurance premium for M/V “Fu Shan Hai“ is as high as US＄30m. It is the ever large claim case in the marine insurance history of the People‘s Insurance Company of China (PICC). Though PICC launched its emergent compensation procedure and paid 70m yuan (RMB) to COSCO, this is far from enough to fill the hole. The “Fu Shan Hai“ accident gave a hard strike on the marine insurance market, worsening the difficult situation of marine insurance in China. In recent years, we have often heard the calling for making China a “large shipping and shipbuilding nation“, while our marine insurance market has been in stagnancy, which disappoints those insurance tycoons who have been kept waiting for long time.     

Design Scheme of New Type Shell Raising and Feeding System of Medium-large Caliber Naval Gun

The medium - large caliber naval gun is still playing an important role in modern war. The development of highly automatic Shell Raising and Feeding System (SRFS) in the world has been briefly outlined. Several typical SRFS of medium-large caliber naval guns have been analyzed. A re-design of the system is introduced, in which systematic design method has been used to demonstrate its feasibility. The design goal of the system is to realize rapid shell feeding, with application to many types of shells, quick change of shell types , accurate and reliable feeding operation, simple mechanical structure and easy realization of shell withdrawing.     

A second order volume of fluid （VOF） scheme for numerical simulation of 2-D breaking waves

Among all environmental forces acting on ocean structures and marine vessels, those resulting from wave impacts are likely to yield the highest loads. Being highly nonlinear, transient and complex, a theoretical analysis of their impact would be impossible without numerical simulations. In this paper, a pressure-split two-stage numerical algorithm is proposed based on Volume Of Fluid (VOF) methodology. The algorithm is characterized by introduction of two pressures at each half and full cycle time step, and thus it is a second-order accurate algorithm in time. A simplified second-order Godunov-type solver is used for the continuity equations. The method is applied to simulation of breaking waves in a 2-D water tank, and a qualitative comparison with experimental photo observations is made. Quite consistent results are observed between simulations and experiments. Commercially available software and Boundary Integral Method (BIM) have also been used to simulate the same problem. The results from present code and BIM are in good agreement with respect to breaking location and timing, while the results obtained from the commercial software which is only first-order accurate in time has clearly showed a temporal and spatial lag, verifying the need to use a higher order numerical scheme.     

General Analytical Solution of Transverse Vibration For Orthotropic Rectangular Thin Plates

A general solution of differential equation for transverse displacement function of orthotropic rectangular thin plates in free vibration is established in this paper. It can be used to solve the vibration problem of plate with arbitrary boundaries. As an example, the frequencies of a composite laminated plate with four free edges have been solved. The result as compared with the experiment is satisfactory.     

愿与COSCO共创新辉煌(英文)

On April 27th 1961 the siren of COSCO's first ship-the" Guanghua" or "Bright China" -was sounded to mark the start of deepsea shipowning in China, Just 40 years have elapsed since you took those first steps into international shipping, Today COSCO is a large conglomerate making international shipping its core     

Joint forces to push strategic transformation of shipbuilding industry

The 2007 shipbuilding industry work meeting was sponsored by COSTIND for the first time. With the clarion call for strategic transformation, the meeting is aimed to drive China toward a strong shipbuilding country with full efforts. This clarion call not only inspires people from the shipbuilding industry, but also makes related sectors ready for full support. Recently, our reporter interviewed relevant persons from China Classification Society (CCS), the Import and Export Bank of China, Harbin Engineering University, and deeply felt the surging passion from relevant industries in pushing forward the strategic transformation of Chinese shipbuilding industry.     

船用燃料中芳烃浓度对粒子排放的影响研究（英文）

The fuel sulfur content in marine fuels has been regulated in Sulfur Emission Control Areas(SECAs) since January 2015. However, other fuel characteristics are also believed to have an impact on particle emissions, particularly on the number of particles emitted. This study investigates the impact of the content of aromatics in fuel. To achieve fuel blends with concentrations of aromatics similar to those found in marine fuel oils, i.e. 20%–30% by volume(%vol.), normal diesel oil(4%–5% vol. aromatics) is doped with a mixture of aromatics. Emission measurements are conducted in test-bed engine facilities and particle emissions over a wide size range are analyzed. Results show a decreased number of particles emitted(or not change) with an increase in the aromatic concentration in fuel. This is because there is a reduction in the cetane number of the fuel with an increased aromatic content, which effects the combustion process and results in decreased particle formation. However, when ignition improver is used to increase the cetane number, particle emissions remain at a lower level than for normal diesel oil; thereby emphasizing the presence of other factors in the formation of particles.     

英文导读

<正> Dear readers: Extremely high temperature is overwhelming large part of east coast of the country in July and August this year, the campaign for better understanding of "Law of Ports" sees even more highlighted. Ministry of Communications has timely held a special meeting in Shenzhen for deeply implementing of "Law of Ports" where Mr. Hong Shanxiang of Deputy Minister of MOC and Ms. Peng Cuihong, Deputy Director-General of Water Transportation Dept. of MOC gave a keynote speeches and relevant instructions. Mr. Su Xingang, Director-General of Water Transportation Dept. of MOC has also given a summary at the meeting. This issue publishes their speeches in attempt to properly consolidate implementation of "Law of Ports" by grassroots units. Our magazine will     

Statistical Analysis of Ship Collisions with Bridges in China Waterway

Having carried out investigations on ship collision accidents with bridges in waterway in China, a database of ship collision with bridge (SCB) is developed in this paper. It includes detailed information about more than 200 accidents near ship' s waterways in the last four decades, in which ships collided with the bridges. Based on the information a statistical analysis is presented tentatively. The increase in frequency of ship collision with bridges appears, and the accident quantity of the barge system is more than that of single ship. The main reason of all the factors for ship collision with bridge is the human errors, which takes up 70%. The quantity of the accidents happened during flooding period shows over 3 - 6 times compared with the period from March to June in a year. The probability follows the normal distribution according to statistical analysis. Visibility, span between piers also have an effect on the frequency of the accidents.     

Asymptotic field of mode Ⅱ dynamic growing crack in visco-elastic material

A mechanical model of visco-elastic material is established in order to investigate viscous effect in dynamic growing crack-tip field of mode Ⅱ. It is shown that in stable creep growing phase, elastic deformation and viscous deformation are equally dominant in the near-tip field, the stress and strain have the same singularity, namely, (σε) ∝r^-1/(n-1). The asymptotic solutions of separatied variables of stress, stain and displacement in crack-tip field are obtained by asymptotic analysis, and the results of numerical value of stress and strain in crack-tip field are obtained by shooting method. Through numerical calculation, it is shown that the near-tip fields are mainly governed by the creep exponent n and Mach number M. By the asymptotic analysis to the crack-tip field, the fracture criterion of mode Ⅱ dynamic growing crack of visco-elastic materials is put forward from the point of view of strain.     

Opening Address of Annual Meeting 2000 of World Economic Forum

We are all here together for the first global Summit of the 21st century —a global gathering bringing together political, business, intellectual and civic leaders to define the new beginnings and to make a positive contribution. "New beginnings: making a difference" is, as you know, the theme of our Annual Meeting. There is one striking feature that differentiates this year's Annual Meeting from the last ones: at this particular moment, we are not confronted with any overwhelming crisis. You will recall that in 1999 we were deeply worried about the global economic outlook; and two years ago, it was the Asian crisis which was at the centre of our attention. This year, witlhout such a crisis preoccupying our minds, we have even more reasons to look at the truly important fundamental, long-term challenges of our world at the beginning of the new millennium.     

Analysis of a marine cargo insurance case

Background: In a marine cargo insurance case, many glass lens was loaded in one container and transported from USA to Shanghai At the time of discharging, all pallets were found in normal condition. When the end-user received the cargo, one pallet was found fresh-waterdamaged. The glass lens were very carefully packaged and the warehouse was found dry and clean at the time of survey. It was assumed in the preliminary survey report that the water might have entered into the container through