考虑服务水平的信息系统运维服务提供商二级价格歧视研究

通过分析在线性需求和非线性需求条件下,两寡头竞争性信息系统运维服务提供商在二段和n段定价中实施二级价格歧视时,服务水平对提供商的价格和利润的影响,从而得到了服务水平与价格和利润的关系.研究表明:在线性需求条件下,服务水平与价格和利润成正比,且服务水平必须维持在较高的水平之上才能保证盈利,而在非线性需求条件下,服务水平很低时两家提供商仍会保持盈利;同时文中也得出不同分段需求区间的分段点.研究二级价格歧视为信息系统运维服务提供商考虑服务水平定价提供参考.     

船舶安全检查的质量船体系和模型设计

介绍了船舶安全检查的质量船体系和模型设计的基本思路、理论基础、体系结构和实施步骤，旨在建立一套科学系统、双向互动、高效的新型海事监督管理机制。     

The impact of the application of new technology on public transport service provision and the passenger experience: A focus on implementation in Australia

The emergence of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) has been recognised with many initiatives during the last 20 years. In Europe, the “ITS Action Plan” identifies a number of applications as key elements contributing to the efficient co-ordination of the overall transport chain. The context and experience surrounding the recent widespread development of technological tools and ICT platforms to support the emergence of ITS are notable for the way in which they permeate the transport and logistics chain. But a key question remains: to what extent is the public transport sector able to exploit the wider benefits of ITS?     

BRT and BHLS around the world: Explosive growth,large positive impacts and many issues outstanding

A survey of Bus Rapid Transit BRT and Bus of High Level of Service BHLS around the world indicates that there are about 120 cities with bus corridors, with 99 of the cities entering into the list in the last 12 years. The existing bus corridors comprise about 280 corridors, 4300 km, 6700 stations and use 30,000 buses, serving about 28 million passengers per day. In 2010–2011, 19 cities completed new systems − 16 in the developing world – and seven cities expanded their current systems. By late 2011, about 49 new cities were building systems, 16 cities were expanding their corridors, and 31 cities were in initial planning. This impressive growth may be attributed in part to the successes of Curitiba, Bogotá, México City, Istanbul, Ahmedabad and Guangzhou. These cities show low cost, rapid implementation and high performance BRTs, with significant positive externalities. Interesting trends are emerging, such as the implementation of citywide integrated bus systems, improved processes for private participation in operations, increased funding from national governments, and growth of bus manufacturers and technology providers. Despite the growth, there are some outstanding issues: BRT and BHLS do not have a single meaning and image and are often regarded as a “second best” as compared to rail alternatives. In addition several systems in the developing world suffer problems resulting from poor planning, implementation and operation, due to financial, institutional and regulatory constraints. The BRT and BHLS Industry are in their “infancy” and there is need for consolidation and concerted effort.     

Risk and reward in public transportation contracting

The workshop discusses and documents a number of countries’ experiences regarding risk and reward in the delivery of public transport and determines the way in which competitive pressures actually work (or not) to deliver efficient and effective services. Papers are grouped into three main themes, i.e., public versus private management; negotiated versus competitively tendered contracts; and measures to improve performance. This chapter begins with a brief overview of each of the eight papers. This is followed by a section that out the discussions that emanated from the papers. Finally, the main policy and research recommendations are presented.     

封闭水域客渡船船底外部检查的难点与对策

文中阐述了封闭水域客渡船进行船底外部检查的迫切性和存在的难点,并提出了有效的实施对策和建议。     

Competing Visions for Marine Tenure and Co-Management: Genesis of a Marine Management Area System in Chile

Chile has been attempting to establish a Management Area (MA) system that melds the use of marine protected areas with marine tenure. The process has brought to the fore the competing interests of various user groups: artisanal fishermen, marine science professionals, government managers, tourist developers, and the Navy. We explore the core relationships among fishermen and the ecologists and biologists whose work is essential for establishing and maintaining a MA. The MA system's creation and implementation raise the key question of whether a marine tenure system can work under the conditions imposed by the Chilean government. There is a need to recognize and reconcile contradictions in a government management model that strives simultaneously to be a conservation zone and a financially profitable co-management zone. This article examines the MA management system's fault lines in the context of Chile's political economy, and the intimate interaction of management with fishermen's cultural survival strategies.     

Wave and sea level monitoring and prediction in the service module of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)

The need for a Global Ocean Observing System Global (GOOS) is now widely appreciated. Parts of GOOS are currently being implemented already. In this paper, written on the request of the joint Scientific and Technical Committee of GOOS, we present some of the scientific issues that need to be addressed for the further development of the Ocean and Marine Meteorology Service module of GOOS. This module is concerned with monitoring and prediction of sea level (both tsunamis and storm surges) and wind driven waves (wind–sea and swell), among other things. For each of these we discuss the current state-of-the-art, indicate what observations are needed and make suggestions for future modelling development.     

基于供应链思想的第四代港口概念特征及发展策略研究

与第一、二、三代港口不同,第四代港口从强调自己是一个“物流中心”,转变为强调是供应链中的一个环节,为此,有必要研究基于供应链管理思想的第四代港口的若干问题。在给出具有供应链管理特征的第四代港口的定义的基础上,提出了港口与供应链关系的演进模型,指出港口与供应链关系发展经历了分离（即相互独立）、整合（即形成港口物流服务链,为制造业供应链提供高效的增值服务）和嵌入（即港口被嵌入到制造业供应链中）三个阶段。应对供应链管理的要求,第四代港口应具有与前三代港口不同的差异化、精益化和敏捷化特征。基于上述分析,第四代港口的发展策略应为,主动整合并构建自身的供应链和与供应链核心企业联合等。     

“大船小证”成因及治理对策

随着我国水运市场快速发展,＂大船小证＂问题逐渐增多,给水上交通安全环境带来重大隐患,严重干扰了航运业、造船业的发展秩序。文中就＂大船小证＂产生的原因,危害,整治的难点以及对策措施进行探讨,望能更好地规范船舶检验,确保航运安全。     

简析海事部门全面、有效地履行《2006年海事劳工公约》

专家预计《2006年海事劳工公约》将于2011年生效,我国将在合适时机批准该公约。公约的批准和生效将对我国海事部门的履约工作产生重大影响,如何积极应对、制定有效的对策是摆在海事部门面前重要而迫切的工作。文中着重分析了与海事部门有密切关系的条款并加以分析,希望能对海事部门有效开展履约工作提供帮助。     

结合辖区实际 增强船员管理效能服务航运企业

船员管理是水上安全监督工作的重要内容，也是海事主管部门的重要职责之一。在整个海上交通运输系统中，船员的素质是系统安全状况的一个决定因素。提高船员的整体技术水平，做好船员的管理工作，对保障船舶海上运输安全，保护国家和人民生命财产安全具有重要意义。本文从船员管理工作的针对性、船员管理工作渠道、船员管理工作的新思路等方面探讨船员管理工作目标和发展需求，以期逐步加大对船员管理工作的投入，有步骤地实现船员管理工作的新局面。     

方便旗船中国籍船员保险保障现状及海事监管对策

文中通过对方便旗船中国籍船员保险保障现状的调查分析,找出涉及外派船员权益方面存在的问题,提出相应海事监管对策。     

A simulation of the simple Mohring model to predict patronage and value of resources consumed for enhanced bus services

Choosing between the competing approaches to providing enhanced bus services requires the ability to predict the effects on patronage and overall benefits to society in terms of Value of Resources Consumed (VRC) of any proposed change. One common approach uses the Mohring model of 1972 and its successors to optimise one or more aspects of the supply of transit services given various level of demand. This paper simulates the operation of a simple circular bus route using the equations of a basic Mohring type model and a Decision Support System (DSS) to endogenise demand under the assumption that there is a fixed demand for travel but commuters can choose between the bus and private vehicle. The selected approach recognises that demand for a particular mode of travel is predicated on the speed of the vehicle in service which is itself determined by the demand for that vehicle (in this model or boarding and alighting time) rather than being determined exogenously. This creates an iterative feedback mechanism whereby changes to the attributes of the bus and car alter mode choice and the speed in service of the bus which, in turn, alters mode choice. The simulation is used to predict changes to patronage and VRC under scenarios regarding changes to the transport network (in terms of fares and running costs, frequency and spacing of bus stops) using parameters from both a Multinomial Logit (MNL) and a Mixed Multinomial Logit (MMNL). The results demonstrate that there are large differences in the size and, in some cases, direction of predicted changes to patronage, VRC and revenue, depending on whether the parameters of the MNL or MMNL model are used.     

《国际安全与环保拆船公约》对我国拆船业的影响与对策

IMO已经决定2009年5月在香港外交大会上通过《国际安全与环保拆船公约》,这将会对世界拆船业产生巨大的影响。文中首先简单介绍了拆船公约及其特点,紧接着介绍了我国拆船业的发展情况,并分析了拆船公约给拆船业带来的机遇和挑战,最后提出了对拆船公约实施后促进拆船业可持续发展的几点对策。     

京杭运河江苏段航运水污染防治对策研究

苏北运河治污工程是南水北调东线治污工程中的重要组成部分,是一项功在当代、利在千秋的国家重大工程。文中从苏北运河航运水污染防治工作现状及存在的主要问题、今后一个时期拟采取的措施对策、下一步政策建议三方面．进行了详细的阐述,重点提出了苏北运河航运水污染防治工作的措施与对策。     

Decadal sea level trends in the Bay of Biscay from tide gauges, GPS and TOPEX

Sea level time series derived from TOPEX altimeter and from tide gauge measurements in the Bay of Biscay (Eastern North Atlantic Ocean) are used to investigate the regional sea level rise. Altimetry sea level anomalies are computed from TOPEX measurements and resampled into fixed along track bins in order to obtain consistent records and to approach as close as possible to the coast. Tidal corrections are critical in the estimation of sea level trends; therefore an additional analysis has been carried out in order to identify and correct for residual tidal signals. The obtained mean sea level rise in the region is + 3.09 ± 0.21 mm/year over the period 1993–2002. Tide gauges have been corrected for vertical land motions by means of collocated GPS measurements. GPS-corrected tide gauges and nearby altimetry trends are found to be statistically consistent. The relationship with the atmospheric forcing is also investigated revealing that 15% of this sea level rise is attributed to the atmospheric pressure effects.     

浅析中国船舶保安履约现状及对策

文章旨在找出中国船舶保安履约工作存在的问题和不足,提出对策,确保我国船舶保安履约工作的顺利进行。     

海洋工程中工程设计水位主港选择的条件及应用

采用潮汐过程线比较,潮汐调和分析比较,高低潮相关分析比较作为主港选择的三个条件,根据实测数据进行了有关计算。保证了工程水位求取的科学性、准确性。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.