城市综合交通系统评价指标体系及评价方法

对现有的城市综合交通系统进行改善，首先应对其进行客观全面的描述和评价，找出问、题的根源，为系统改善提供依据。探讨了城市综合交通系统评价指标体系。利用层次分析法和模糊数学理论，建立了评价计算的具体方法，并进行了实例分析。     

某工程水泥混凝土路面升级改造技术与应用

以湛江人民大道水泥混凝土路面升级改造为依托,阐述了旧水泥混凝土路面检测与评定对合理选择加铺方案以及确定加铺沥青层厚度的重要性;探讨了旧水泥混凝土路面评价指标应遵循的原则,建立了一套适合旧水泥混凝土路面加铺层设计的评价指标体系;分析如何运用旧路评价指标进行加铺层结构设计。     

Economic appraisal of universal design in transport: Experiences from Norway

Economic assessment of universally designed transport projects has not been studied in depth in the transport planning literature. Universal Design (UD) refers to the design of transport systems in a way that they are accessible to all users, irrespective of the users’ abilities. This definition of UD has not yet gained roots in the transport economic literature. The conventional thinking is that UD is for the few, i.e., the impaired, and given that they are few in numbers, UD projects will generally be unprofitable from a socioeconomic point of view because benefits will be low while investment costs will be too high. The objective of this paper is to prove the opposite: UD projects benefit all users of the facility, whether impaired or not, and the additional costs of implementing them are generally low; hence, their net present values are high and positive. We build on collaborative work between the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA) and the Institute of Transport Economics (TOI) aimed at creating guidelines for assessing the economic merits of UD projects. Therefore, in this paper, we: (1) define how UD is to be understood in the context of road and public transport; (2) describe the types of benefits and costs that accrue to users if UD projects are implemented; (3) address how the benefits and cost can be valued in monetary terms; and (4) using three different types of projects, demonstrate that UD projects are surprisingly profitable from a socioeconomic point of view. Finally, we address the implications of our findings and explain why governments need to be concerned with UD of transport systems.     

基于AHP和模糊综合评价理论的压载水管理系统实船选配模型研究

本文针对船东面临的船舶压载水管理系统实船选配的难题,设计了一种基于层次分析法(AHP)和模糊综合评价理论的实船选配模型。该模型首先通过层次分析法建立评价指标体系,把专家对各项指标的主观评判进行数学量化,获取权重向量;通过定量和定性的方法对备选设备商的各个考核指标进行隶属度分析,最后通过模糊综合评价理论计算出最终的选配评价得分。经实际算例检验,该方法简单、实用、有效,可对船东前期的决策起到很好的辅助作用。     

A model system for the ex-ante assessment of city logistics measures

This paper proposes a model system developed in order to support ex-ante assessment of city logistics measures. The model system allows us to simulate the choices of each decision-maker involved in the urban freight transport and logistics and to investigate how the policies and the following measures can influence her/his choices.The model system is an open architecture and consists of two levels: commodity and vehicle. The commodity level allows us to analyse the attraction and acquisition movements taking into account the effects due to city logistics policy implementation affecting the end-consumer and retailer/wholesaler/producer (restocker) choices. The freight sold in each urban shop (or in general urban business) is estimated starting from consumption demand and, then, the restocker’s choices for restocking are analysed in depth. The vehicle level focuses on the restocking process and the links between retailer and wholesaler/producer operating in the study area. This level allows us to investigate the impacts of implementing city logistics measures on journey time, timing and path used for restocking the urban retail businesses.     

An evaluation of the user characteristics of an open access DRT service

The successful provision of Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) in Europe, Australia, UK and the US has been addressed in several substantial studies and projects. The general finding of these studies is that DRT is a suitable transport solution in particular areas and can deliver social inclusion and community building objectives. Existing research confirms that DRT is particularly useful for connecting isolated communities and population groups to essential services such as healthcare and is cost-effective in terms of contributing greatly to community wellbeing. However, many existing DRT services are still not performing to their true potential, and many of them could not be viable as commercial services. The aim of this study is to develop greater understanding of DRT services from the passengers’ perspective using a case study of LinkUp in Tyne and Wear, one of the most successful DRT schemes in the UK. The paper has two key objectives: (a) to critically review, in the context of the detailed case study the general characteristics of the selected DRT scheme; and (b) to analyse and interpret the findings from a detailed survey of users (who are predominately elderly and female) with regard to passenger characteristics, their attitudes and perception of the service and their suggestions for improvement.     

Results so far and prospects of Kazakhstan passenger rail franchising

From 1991 till 2004 passenger rail transportation in Kazakhstan was organized by a public company without financial contribution from the state budget. As in any post-Soviet country losses from passenger sector in the integrated rail company were covered at the expense of the freight transportations. From 2005 the Government is trying to introduce competition in passenger rail industry by competitive tendering rights to operate on particular route and providing subsidies.This paper reviews the Kazakhstan passenger rail franchising policy from statement and implementation with analysis of results so far. To get sense about the current policy’s perception survey among managers of the government bodies and railway companies had been performed. It indicates respondents’ opinion about main concerns and suggestions for improvement in passenger rail industry. According to provided analysis there are opportunities for improvements in operation of public and private companies as well as in the Government policy.     

Mumbai lunch box delivery system: A transferable benchmark in urban logistics?

This paper presents findings of a freight transport study carried out for Mumbai city (India). Based on the case study of lunch box delivery system organized by the Mumbai dabbawalas, demonstrated that an informal sector was capable of developing an urban logistics system that was precise, reliable and affordable to the middle class society in Mumbai. These facts suggest an approach based on adapting logistics solutions harmoniously to the urban landscape, public policy, infrastructure and skill sets of the company’s employees in order to be attractive to the end customer, offering a good match between supply and demand i.e., consumer and producer satisfaction. At the same time logistics solutions should evolve continuously in order to be attractive to the core customer base and should be customer driven. These basic management principles can be applied in the management of other urban logistics companies in the world over.     

Transferability of sustainable urban mobility measures

This paper describes an approach developed to identify common elements of city performance that have transferability potential across a number of cities. The findings provide a wealth of information sourced from 200 measures in 19 European cities. A transferability framework is proposed, that uses ideas from traditional top-down approaches using city clustering to infer the transferability of measures, as well as elements of a bottom-up approach, based on the concept of “measure enabling context”. Systems' thinking diagramming was used to depict relationships between measures, drivers and barriers, portraying the feedbacks at work and the cause-effect relationships, to establish appealing preconditions for transferability.     

“If I Walked on my Own at Night I Stuck to Well Lit Areas.” Gendered spaces and urban transport in 20th century Britain

Using photographs, this paper explores the gendered link between transport and the urban environment. It becomes apparent that moving around in urban spaces is an experience which is or can be fundamentally different for women and men. From pictures I conclude that a historical analysis of gender and urban transport ought to be a straightforward task to undertake: women are clearly visible in the visual record of the transport environment. However, a look at the historiography shows that research on gendering the city mostly deals with workplaces, women’s employment, class and race segregation in urban areas, welfare programmes specially designed to helped women, urban housing and marginalisation of women, housewives, healthcare, homeless women and politics. Gender and transport is hardly to be found: how women move and moved through urban space has not received sustained attention. Further, the main body of scholarly texts lacks in historical concern, stemming from such diverse disciplines as sociology, geography, economic and political sciences, women’s studies and planning.     

PMV热舒适性模型在船舶舱室热环境评价中的应用

将热舒适性理论研究与实际船舶舱室环境的实验和调查相结合,探索将普通建筑热环境评价上应用较为广泛的PMV热舒适性模型扩展到船舶舱室的热环境评价中.通过对实船热环境的系统性测试和对实验对象——船员对热环境的主观评价的分析统计以及船员对船舶舱室内热环境的满意度调查,探讨了PMV热舒适性模型在船舶舱室热环境评价中的适用性,并给出了针对不同的活动状态下修正后的PMV*方程,该方程能体现大部分船员在微小环境内的热感觉以及客观评价热环境控制效果.     

玻璃钢船舶建造检验中试行船检新模式的探讨

我国大陆目前有玻璃钢船艇制造厂260余家,年产各类船艇数千艘,快速发展的玻璃钢船艇制造产业带来的船检业务量剧增,己远远超出当前各船检机构的承受能力。本文以国内最大的玻璃钢船艇产业群所在地——珠海为例,探讨在珠海玻璃钢船艇建造检验中试行“船检服务外协委托”的船检新模式,以适应当前玻璃钢船艇产业的发展,进而为我国玻璃钢船艇的建造检验探索新思路。     

多功能电子战系统作战效能仿真技术研究

多功能电子战系统以电子战功能为主,集电子战、雷达于一体,可以满足侦察预警、定位识别、电子情报、电子进攻、主／被动探测、协同作战、隐蔽作战等作战要求。多功能电子战系统的作战能力是通过对其作战效能的评估得以体现的。文章从仿真结构设计和视景仿真技术等方面介绍了电子战系统仿真技术,并在研究武器系统效能评估方法的基础上,重点介绍了常用的作战效能评估方法。     

Analysis of the economic and social parameters of the Three-Wheeler Taxi service in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka has an extensive Three-Wheeler Taxi service comprised of around 300,000 vehicles. These vehicles, which first made an entry to Sri Lanka’s roads in the early 1980s, account for around 15% of the active motor vehicle fleet at present. Three-Wheelers Taxis also account for around 6% of the passenger kilometres. These vehicles are mostly individually operated with some owned by the operator and others hired on a monthly or daily basis. The industry is unregulated with vehicle registration and driving licenses being the only instruments of regulation. Fares are unregulated. However, most operators belong to associations which are loose collections of operators found in a given locality. These associations impose a degree of self regulation with respect to fares. They also tend to demonstrate oligapolistic behaviour.The paper is based on a survey of 200 operators and 100 passengers from a Divisional Secretariat area in Colombo District. The survey covered a number of details pertaining to ownership, management and fare structures, as well as opinions on the service attributes by users. The survey also covered perceptions of operators to determine the social, economic and transport implications of the services provided. Details were also obtained on the profiles of the operators and their expectations.The paper provides the results of the analysis of this data and draws a number of conclusions on the economics of the industry as well as the social aspects associated with it. It also discusses the characteristics of the users of these three wheelers as well as their typical use. The analysis also investigates complementarily of service provision between three wheelers as an access mode to buses and railways. This analysis has been used to develop an understanding of the manner in which the industry has grown over the last two decades and how it is being operated today. It also identifies areas wherein the industry has become inefficient and assesses the degree of over pricing that exists due to this. The data also helps to determine the relationship between unemployment and provision of self-employed transport services.The paper concludes with a synopsis of the profile of the industry and its role within the wider transport sector and with respect to ownership. It also discusses the positive and negative impacts of the lack of regulation on the industry.     

大型复杂船体结构焊接工艺方案评价体系研究

为了能够科学合理地评价大型复杂船体结构焊接工艺方案,以某船体分段为例,计算六种焊接工艺方案下分段焊接变形.建立一种评价体系,依次确定评价要素,评分方法,允许偏差值和权重值.最后,将六种方案下分段焊接变形计算值代入评分公式,进而对船体结构的焊接工艺方案进行综合评价.     

基于VC++的船舶离心泵评估系统开发

以船用多级离心泵为研究对象,利用虚拟现实技术,实现虚拟环境下的交互拆装。根据评估系统的需求分析,选用VC＋＋6.0软件开发工具,对拆装过程的评估系统进行开发。对拆装顺序进行量化,根据制定出的评估标准,实现实时显示评估成绩。     

船舶设备供应商综合评价方法研究

为做好船舶设备供应商评价工作,船厂一线工作人员亟需一种简单实用的评价方法来指导船舶设备供应商的综合评价工作.以船舶设备供应商为研究对象,根据船舶设备供应商的特点,构建了船舶设备供应商的综合评价指标体系,采用专家调查法确定隶属度,应用层次分析法(AHP)获得指标权重,运用多级模糊综合评价理论,建立了一种船舶设备供应商综合评价方法.该方法简单实用,可操作性强,较好地满足了船厂一线工作人员的需要.     

基于BP神经网络的船舶企业员工综合评价模型

为了保障船舶工业企业内部对其员工的使用管理和评价上的客观性和准确性,提出基于BP神经网络的综合评价方法,在建立了员工评价的指标体系基础上建立了基于BP神经网络的评价模型,将评价员工综合素质的指标值作为模型的输入量,评价结果作为模型输出量,用样本对神经网络进行训练,利用收集的中国船舶工业集团某造船企业管理执行层员工信息,使用MATLAB对模型进行模拟仿真训练,用验证样本对评价模型检测,检测结果是仿真输出与期望输入基本一致,说明网络合理,评价模型能够较好对船舶企业员工的综合素质进行评价.     

基于HLA的电子对抗训练效果评估系统建设技术研究

军事技术的发展,使得作战样式趋向于高技术条件下多兵种联合作战,对军事训练技术提出了更高的要求,将高层体系结构（HLA）引入训练系统设计是一个必然趋势。针对电子对抗部队训练效果评估的实际需求,基于高层体系结构（HLA）的技术特点,提出了基于HLA的电子对抗训练效果评估系统的体系结构。文章以专业训练评估成员中的雷达对抗评估为例,进行了仿真对象模型设计,应用软件实现分析,阐述了基于HLA系统开发的基本过程,对基于HLA的军事应用系统设计有一定的借鉴意义。     

The regulatory cycle stalled? An assessment of current institutional obstacles to regulatory reform in the provision of road-based public transport in Cape Town, South Africa

Wide-ranging and ambitious proposals for the comprehensive transformation of public transport systems in major South African cities, including Cape Town, have now been in play for a decade or more since the country’s post-apartheid transition. To date, progress in implementing such proposals has been, at best, much delayed and, in Cape Town, appears to have stalled, and may now be significantly compromised. This paper draws on aspects of the concept of regulatory cycles in the bus transport sector to explore some of the key factors which have given rise to this situation, focusing primarily on obstacles embedded in the present institutional framework which governs the provision of road-based public transport in the city. It specifically identifies difficulties in establishing an appropriately mandated and resourced agency at the local level to drive forward the transformation project and the sustained opposition of existing, largely ‘self-regulated’ minibus-taxi operators as key factors which have obstructed the introduction of the proposed regime of ‘regulated competition’. A tentative conclusion is offered to the effect that perhaps a partial or ‘hybrid’ transformation of the public transport system may be the best - and, indeed, possibly the most appropriate - outcome of the transformation process that can be anticipated under the present and foreseeable future circumstances prevailing in the city.