船舶基座阻尼材料敷设优化及实验研究

[目的]船舶基座结构是船舶减振的重要设备,为提高基座结构的减振效果,在结构表面敷设阻尼材料是常用手段。[方法]以基座结构的加速度振级落差为评价指标,应用各向正交惩罚材料密度法(SIMP),建立自由阻尼材料的拓扑优化数学模型。在优化模型中,其约束条件是确保在阻尼材料总使用量一定的情况下实现阻尼材料在基座结构表面的最优分布。最后,以某型船的主机基座为例,在建立的有限元模型的基础上,开展基座结构阻尼材料拓扑优化的数值计算,并利用基座模型实验的方法对拓扑优化数值计算结果进行实验验证。[结果]经验证,获得了阻尼材料的最优敷设方案。[结论]所得成果对船舶基座结构设计和复合材料的应用具有一定的参考价值。     

丁基橡胶阻尼材料对基座减振的实验研究

安装机械设备的基座结构是振动传递到船体结构的重要通道。介绍一种丁基橡胶阻尼材料,测试丁基橡胶的材料损耗因子等动态性能,开展丁基橡胶阻尼材料对基座减振的实验研究。采用振动激励实验方案,对基座结构进行自由阻尼和约束阻尼处理后的振动传递特性实验,分析基座结构的阻尼处理方式和处理部位对振动插入损失的影响,实验结果对基座结构的阻尼减振设计和丁基橡胶阻尼材料的工程应用具有参考价值。     

船舶基座中复合减振结构应用实验研究

在船舶基座结构中设计了粘贴粘弹性阻尼层、插入空心阻振结构和填充颗粒等单一减振结构及多种复合减振结构基座结构振动加速度导纳为评价指标,采用振动传递实验对比研究了各种减振方式的减振效果。实验结果表明,粘贴阻尼层在分析频率内减振效果明显,最大减振效果达到了10 d B;在基座结构中简单地插入阻振结构,不仅没有阻振效果,反而使得振动增强;复合减振结构的减振效果优于单一减振结构,所设计的复合减振方案的减振效果达到14.05 d B。研究成果对船舶基座结构声学设计具有参考价值。     

船用基座阻尼板敷设工艺减振降噪效果分析

以降低船用基座辐射噪声为研究背景,选取某型船用基座阻尼板为研究对象,研究不同敷设工艺参数条件下的阻尼板减振降噪效果。采用模态测试方式对不同贴合率、不同厚度和不同规格的阻尼板减振降噪效果进行传递函数测试,为实船基座阻尼板敷设工艺的改进提供支撑。     

大尺度平台电机基座结构振动响应计算分析

基于ABAQUS建立涵盖主要结构要素的大尺度船舶试验平台全三维动力激励模型,以动力舱内侧挂式电机基座为研究对象,对四种不同结构形式电机基座在设备激励下所引起的振动响应进行数值计算模拟,比较分析基座结构形式对振动响应特性的影响,从降低振动响应角度提出一种改进优化的侧挂式电机基座结构,并应用于实船的设计与建造中。计算分析结果对类似基座结构减振设计具有一定的参考意义和工程借鉴价值。     

基座设计对隔振效果的影响分析与优化方法研究

本文详细探讨了基座设计对隔振效果影响,并提出在不改变基座结构形式和保持总质量基本不变等前提下,通过优化基座结构变量提高基座首阶弹性频率以提高基座阻抗的方法。利用提出的方法进行某柴油发电机组浮筏隔振装置的实船基座优化实例分析和验证,结果表明,所提出的基座优化方法可以有效提高基座的弹性模态频率,从而达到提高基座阻抗和降低基座振级的目的,对工程应用中提高隔振装置性能具有较好的参考意义。     

考虑振级落差要求的齿轮箱基座优化设计

对某新型齿轮箱基座采用结构动力学优化方法进行设计改进,建立了考虑指定频率区间内振级落差性能要求,以基座重量为目标函数的齿轮箱基座尺寸与拓扑优化设计模型.通过两种优化方案,使新型基座低中频段振级落差由5dB提高到12dB,找到对振动传递影响较大的肋板和减振效果良好的结构拓扑形式.     

船舶舵机基座轻量化设计

[目的]研究将结构优化设计方法运用于船舶基座轻量化设计的流程及其效果。[方法]选用船舶常用舵机基座为研究对象,利用结构优化软件Hyperworks建立模型并进行优化设计。分析板厚对应力的灵敏度,通过将整体式基座改为柱状式基座并辅以尺寸优化以及拓扑优化手段,获取更为合理的基座形状、板厚分布以及减轻孔位置,从而最终获得最大的轻量化效果。[结果]结果表明:将整体式基座改为柱状式基座,能使该型基座减重12.61%;进一步进行尺寸优化后,该型基座取得了36.6%的减重效果;进行更进一步的拓扑优化后,该型基座更是取得了减重37.7%的显著效果。[结论]所提的轻量化设计流程和方法能为船舶辅助装置实际工程中的轻量化设计提供参考和思路。     

环肋圆锥壳基座振动传递的粘弹性阻尼控制技术研究

敷设粘弹性阻尼材料是船舶结构进行减振降噪的一种有效方式。该文利用有限元迭代法对具有频变特性的粘弹性材料的振动响应进行计算,并验证了计算方法的正确性。同时对粘弹性阻尼材料在带有环肋圆锥壳基座结构的敷设方法进行了研究。研究结果表明对基座的腹板敷设约束阻尼层结构可有效地降低整个结构的振动响应。     

船舶结构噪声传递的功率流分析方法

本文将功率流观点用于船舶主机基座的结构噪声传递分析。理论分析和几种不同基座结构形式的试验表明,为了减小由于主机振动引起的船体振动和结构噪声,必须使主机减振器处基座面板导纳减小。文中还指出,为了减小基座面板导纳,机座应采取的最佳结构形式。     

Foundation damping for monopile supported offshore wind turbines: A review

Today, an important challenge for offshore wind energy is to design efficient and reliable offshore wind turbines (OWTs). The overall damping of OWTs plays an important role in the design process as it limits the amplitude of the OWT dynamic response at frequencies near resonance. Therefore, an accurate estimation of OWTs damping is necessary for the efficient design of these systems. The foundation damping is one of the main sources overall turbine damping and is the least well understood. This paper presents a critical review of recently published studies on foundation damping for OWTs on monopiles and explains how soil damping contributes to the total damping of OWTs. It also reviews the main methods that have been used for the estimation of foundation damping in numerical and experimental studies. In addition, the importance of damping to the OWTs fatigue life is discussed. Finally, a discussion is provided on the challenges to be overcome and recommendations for the accurate estimation of foundation damping.     

考虑流固耦合影响的水中桩基结构振动特性分析

水-结构的耦合振动是一个比较复杂的问题,在设计中,只有考虑水体对结构基频及阻尼比等振动特性的影响,才能使结构设计更为合理、可靠。以往研究多分析水体的附加质量效应对桩柱基频的影响,对水深、桩径、上部结构等因素的影响尚缺乏进一步的研究,对水体的阻尼比增大效应也缺乏定量分析。鉴于工程的需要,利用有限元分析软件ADINA建立水体-桩基结构相互作用的三维有限元数值模型,对流固耦合作用下结构的基频和阻尼比进行计算,分析多种因素对水中结构振动特性的影响,并给出水体产生的阻尼比推荐值。结果表明,水体会引起结构基频降低及结构阻尼比增大,流固耦合作用对振动特性的影响不容忽视。     

提高船用阻尼材料应用效果的优化设计方法

基于模态应变能法及结构动力学优化理论,研究提高船用阻尼材料应用效果的多种方法。方法1是在满足所使用阻尼材料重量相同的条件下,首先对阻尼材料进行一定百分比的开孔,与同等重量的实心阻尼材料结构相比,贴敷开孔阻尼材料的结构损耗因子得到了提高;其次,以所用阻尼材料重量为优化目标函数,在满足给定的整体结构损耗因子约束条件下,建立贴敷阻尼材料复合悬臂板优化模型。方法2主要优化设计复合板不同区域阻尼材料的厚度值。方法3则主要针对复合板不同区域阻尼材料的分布进行拓扑优化设计,得出在给定复合板前3阶模态损耗因子约束条件下阻尼材料的最佳厚度值和拓扑分布。研究结果表明:阻尼材料上一定百分比的开孔可有效提高结构减振效果;通过重量目标函数及考虑损耗因子约束的阻尼材料结构厚度优化和拓扑分布优化,可以找到满足指定减振要求下阻尼材料用量最小的结构,且拓扑分布优化效果更好。     

Equivalent linear pseudostatic and dynamic modelling of vertically vibrating monopile

To optimize offshore wind turbine (OWT) design, an engineering tool has been developed allowing for a detailed investigation of the effects of nonlinear soil stiffness and damping on foundation dynamics. We have studied the response of a vertically oscillating offshore wind monopile foundation in a realistic soil profile subjected to loads between 1 and 200 MN in the frequency range 0–10 Hz with pseudo-static and equivalent linear dynamic model. The non-linear soil behaviour is modelled with an equivalent linear method with shear modulus reduction and damping curves as input. The tool is verified and validated by comparison with elasto-dynamic model and experiments. With increasing load amplitudes foundation stiffness increases and damping decreases. For large load amplitudes the lower part of the pile foundation contributes more to foundation damping. The results indicate the nonlinear foundation stiffness and damping can be modelled rationally by combining stiffness and hysteretic damping from nonlinear static tools with apparent mass and radiation damping from elasto-dynamic analysis. The tool can be used to compute soil springs and dampers based on laboratory-based soil stiffness and damping.     

Dynamic impedances and load carrying mechanism for skirted foundations

Dynamic impedances of foundations include dynamic stiffness and damping which have important effect on the internal forces in the structure. In some cases, such as offshore wind turbines, the influence of the foundation impedances on the system's natural frequency and overall damping could potentially have a significant effect on the fatigue life of the structure. The vertical, horizontal and rocking impedances of a skirted foundation (also termed bucket foundation in offshore wind industry) embedded in a fully saturated poroelastic seabed are addressed in this paper. The vertical impedance is most relevant for jacket foundations supported on three or four bucket foundations, while horizontal and rocking impedances are applicable for mono-bucket foundations. The dynamic vibration problems are solved semi-analytically with the help of dual integral equations and Green's functions. Numerical results for dynamic impedances are obtained; damping ratio are also obtained to show the importance of radiation damping for bucket foundations, even at very small excitation frequencies. The influence of length-to-radius ratio, Poisson's ratio, permeability of soil, excitation frequency and thickness-to-radius ratio on the impedances are also studied. Besides, the dynamic load sharing among the top plate, bucket shaft and bucket tip is obtained for vertical load, horizontal load and moment to shed light on the carrying mechanism of bucket foundation at dynamic working loads. It is found that for a rigid bucket foundation, even when the length-to-radius ratio is small (e.g. l/a = 1.0), most of the loads are carried by the shaft, while the top plate and tip of the bucket take only a small portion of the loads. The results of this study will be helpful for understanding the load-carrying mechanism of offshore bucket foundations for normal operation conditions.     

双惯导改善导航性能的组合数据研究

在传统的水平阻尼网络的基础上,针对双惯导系统的特性设计了新的阻尼方法并分析了各种误差与这种阻尼网络的关系。通过仿真分析,比较2套阻尼系统的误差结果,可以看出双惯导外水平阻尼能够显著降低外速度误差的影响,减少阻尼时间,抑制经度误差。     

Estimation of natural frequencies and damping using dynamic field data from an offshore wind turbine

The dynamic characteristics of offshore wind turbines are heavily affected by environmental loads from wave and wind action and nonlinear soil behaviour. In the design of the monopile structures, the fatigue load due to wind and wave loading is one of the most important problems to consider. Since the fatigue damage is sensitive to the foundation stiffness and damping, increasing the accuracy of analysis tools used in the design and optimization process can improve the reliability of the structure and reduce conservatism, thereby leading to a more cost-efficient design. In this context, analysis of field data is important for calibrating and verifying purposes. This paper presents analysis of measured accelerations and strains from a wind farm in the North Sea with monopile foundations. Field data during idling conditions, collected over long periods of operation, are analysed and the natural frequencies are determined, and damping is estimated. The measured natural frequencies are compared to calculated values using an aero-servo-hydro-elastic code, showing a good agreement in the frequency range below 2 Hz. Variation of the natural frequencies with intensity of loading may indicate effect of soil nonlinearity on the overall OWT response. Since the first natural bending modes have the largest potential to mobilize soil reactions, they are of primary interest in this context. The effect of load (wave, wind and dynamic bending moment) on the first natural frequency is investigated using different analysis techniques in the frequency domain and time domain. A clear correlation between load level and first natural frequency is demonstrated. A simple nonlinear SSI model of the tower/soil system is employed to numerically investigate the observed changes in the measured first natural frequency with the level of loading and increased overall damping. The simulated results reproduce the general trends in the observed reduction in the first natural frequency and increased damping ratio with the load level. However, the effect of the load level is less than that observed in the measurements, indicating contribution also from other factors than soil nonlinearity.     

自升式平台运动性能预报研究

以作业水深400ft的自升式平台为研究对象,根据直升机甲板最小气隙要求和桩腿上部导向块强度要求对拖航极限海况进行推算,并预报平台拖航和在水深60m、122m桩腿下放工况时的运动响应.分析中通过规则波模型试验确定平台壳体的粘性效应,调整平台临界阻尼系数使运动响应传递函数(RAO)的计算值与试验值匹配.     

U型水舱结构阻尼对减摇性能影响的数值计算研究

水舱的结构阻尼是影响减摇效果的重要因素之一,目前阻尼最常用的研究方法是模型衰减试验。本文在验证了数值方法准确性的基础上,通过基于VOF方法全尺度CFD数值计算,比较了三种不同阻尼结构的水舱周期和阻尼的变化,并在此基础上进行强迫振荡模拟,对比三种结构的水舱抗摇力矩及其相位的变化,最后本文提出了一种基于数值计算的评估水舱在规则波中减摇效果的方法,结果表明该评估方法能够很好地反映阻尼结构对水舱减摇效果的影响,在水舱的设计中可作为阻尼结构的设计依据。     

考虑基础柔性的隔振系统功率流特性分析

根据舰船机械设备安装特性及隔振要求,建立包含机械设备、隔振器和柔性基础的数学模型并对其求解,得到隔振系统在简谐激励下的响应及传递功率流计算公式,讨论了隔振系统中设备质量、隔振器刚度和阻尼、柔性基础刚度和阻尼等参数对隔振能力的影响。理论表明,适当增大机械设备质量、隔振器阻尼及柔性基础阻尼能提高系统隔振能力,较大的隔振器刚度不利于隔振,而基础板柔性对隔振系统的影响与激励频率有关,并给出了柔性基础隔振设计中参数选取的一般规律。