混合动力客车参数正交设计与优化

提出了一种混合动力汽车动力系统结构参数设计的新方法——正交优化设计方法。论文分析了影响混合动力燃油经济性的主要影响因素,利用该方法设计了考查影响混合动力汽车燃油经济性指标的各种因素及其水平数。这种方法不仅可以显著减少试验次数,缩短设计周期,还可以更直观、有效地找出影响混合动力汽车的主要影响因素,判断各因素的优水平,并且得到最优的一组设计参数。仿真结果表明,采用优化参数的客车的燃油经济性比优化前提高了4.6%。     

Welded joint fatigue reliability analysis on bogie frame of high-speed electric multiple unit

A new method for welded joint fatigue reliability analysis on bogie frame of high-speed electric multiple unit (EMU) is proposed according to the International Union of Railways (UIC) standard, the Britain Standard Institute (BSI) standard and the Miner rule. Firstly, the fatigue calculation condition is loaded according to the UIC standard. The welded joint damage ratio is calculated by the BSI standard. Fatigue reliability analysis is conducted for a typical welded joint based on probabilistic design system (PDS) module in software ANSYS 14.0. In the system, the automatic program is prepared by ANSYS parametric design language (APDL) to calculate the welded joint fatigue damage ratio. Meantime, the relationship between the input variables and the output response is fitted by the response surface (RS) method. Then, the RS method is improved by the orthogonal design. Specifically, the selecting process optimization for the RS method based on the orthogonal design is conducted to improve the fitting efficiency of the RS method. Finally, a program of the automatic analysis documents is generated by Microsoft foundation class (MFC) technique. Through the self-defined interface, the researchers can easily import the automatic generation of the orthogonal table into the PDS module and analyze the fatigue reliability. Results show that the improved RS method can better fit the RS which covers the sample area, and the distribution law agrees well with the actual situation. At the same time, the improved RS method reduces the calculation time.     

CAE-Based Robust Optimization for Deep-Drawing Process of Sheet Metal Forming Using Grey Relational Analysis Method

The theory of grey systems is a new technique for performing prediction, relational analysis and decision making in many areas. The grey relational analysis was used to optimize the deep-drawing process parameters with considerations of the multiple response (the wrinkle, crack and thinning variation). The deep-drawing parameters, such as the blank holding force (F_ bh ), the radii of punch and die (R_1,R_2), the coefficients of friction (μ_1,μ_2,μ_3) are considered. An orthogonal array is used for the experimental design. The multiple response values are obtained making use of finite element analysis (FEA). Optimal process parameters are determined by the grey relational grade obtained from the grey relational analysis for multi-performance characteristics (the wrinkle, crack and the thinning). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the grey relational grade is implemented. The results show that the quality of stamped parts can be improved effectively through the new approach. The grey relational analysis can be applied in sheet metal forming.     

5CrNiMo钢锻模液态模锻工艺试验

采用液态模银代替自由锻造生产转向螺母5CrNiMo锻模，给出了其下模结构设计参数，介绍了5CrNiMo合金液态模锻工艺参数取位范围，分析了制件的质量。     

出口刚果(布)80t凹底平车制造技术分析

通过对凹底平车成形、组装焊接制造工艺和结构难点分析,确定了板材拼接采用焊条电弧焊,其它焊缝主要采用焊丝气体保护和自动化焊接设备及凹底架心盘预制12 mm上挠度和小底架心盘预制5 mm上挠度的制造工艺,并介绍了凹底架组成及小底架组成的焊接原则和顺序.实践证明,该工艺行之有效,凹底平车的组装质量和焊接质量均满足产品图纸及技术条件要求.     

Sensitivity Analysis of Effect Related with Material Process and Assembly Variations to Loads Deformation and Stress on HSS Stamping Die

During stamping process, the material properties, process design parameters and production environments inevitably have variation and noisy factors, which possibly affect the sheet metal formability and the deformation of the die structure.After gaining a success in applying sheet metal forming numerical simulation analysis to get the forming loads during stamping process, a methodology of die structure analysis based on sheet metal forming simulation was proposed and validated by experiments.Based on these results, the effect related with initial blank thickness, blank holder force, blank positioning error and die alignment error variations to a DP600 hyperbolic bottomed cup drawing die's forming loads(especially unbalanced loads), and deformation and stress was studied numerically.The influence level of these variations to the die's forming loads, deformation and stress was disclosed.The findings can guide die design, die tryout and process control for high-strength steel(HSS) stamping with increased forming load and decreased sheet metal formability.     

Optimization of Clinching Tools by Integrated Finite Element Model and Genetic Algorithm Approach

Clinching is a convenient and efficient cold forming process that can join two sheets without any additional part. This study establishes an intelligent system for optimizing the clinched joint. Firstly, a mathematical model which introduces the ductile damage constraint to prevent cracking during clinching process is proposed.Meanwhile, an optimization methodology and its corresponding computer program are developed by integrated finite element model(FEM) and genetic algorithm(GA) approach. Secondly, Al6061-T4 alloy sheets with a thickness of 1.4 mm are used to verify this optimization system. The optimization program automatically acquires the largest axial strength which is approximately equal to 872 N. Finally, sensitivity analysis is implemented, in which the influence of geometrical parameters of clinching tools on final joint strength is analyzed. The sensitivity analysis indicates the main parameters to influence joint strength, which is essential from an industrial point of view.     

稳健性优化方法在铁道车辆优化中的应用

采用一种基于灵敏度分析的稳健性优化方法,以某铁道车辆转向架悬挂参数为设计变量,针对该车辆的稳定性进行了优化设计,并结合正交试验参数灵敏度分析方法对优化后的悬挂参数进行了灵敏度分析.研究结果表明,稳健性优化设计得到的悬挂参数不仅使该车辆拥有较高的临界速度,且临界速度对各悬挂参数的灵敏度均很低,文中优化后车辆的临界速度达到了505 km/h,当各悬挂参数改变时,临界速度变化不到5％.     

现场混凝土坍落度和抗压强度离散性的影响因素分析

运用正交设计法对影响CFG桩混凝土坍落度和抗压强度的水胶比、砂率、拌合物温度、养护温度以及砂子含水率等控制因素进行了试验研究,采用极差分析和方差分析方法定量分析了这几个主要控制因素对搅拌站现场混凝土拌合物坍落度和抗压强度的影响程度。研究发现,砂子含水率是影响现场混凝土坍落度的主要因素,拌合物的出机温度和环境温度成为CFG桩现场混凝土抗压强度离散性的显著影响因素。     

Sensitivity analysis of parameters for multi-stand roll forming using a new booting model

Multi-stand roll forming is a process that has very complicated deformation behaviour and shows significant nonlinearity.In this paper, the sensitivity analysis of parameters for multi-stand roll forming was performed via a new booting finite element method(FEM) model.Compared with the most of simulation, the new model is more consistent with production process and can account for the effects of roll rotating speed.Based on the model, the process of an open section channel formed with 10 passes was simulated and the sensitivity analysis was conducted with orthogonal experiment design combined FEM model.The multi-stand roll forming process can be efficiently analyzed by the new booting model.And sensitivity analysis shows the hardening exponent plays an important role in controlling the quality of the products.     

U75V钢轨交流闪光焊工艺优化

对U75V合金钢轨交流闪光焊焊接质量影响较大的13个焊接工艺参数，采用正交设计的方法设计了焊接工艺试验，根据正交试验结果分析了主要工艺参数与焊接质量之间的关系．得出了U75V合金钢轨的最佳焊接工艺和影响焊接质量的主要因素，其中送进速度是最重要的影响因素．优化的焊接工艺通过了钢轨焊接的落锤试验，并已应用于钢轨的焊接生产．     

基于模糊理论的车辆变刚度弹簧组可靠性优化设计

为提高变刚度弹簧组的设计质量,在传统优化设计方法的基础上,应用模糊设计理论和可靠性设计理论,建立了当弹簧应力和强度分别为随机变量和模糊变量时,综合考虑静强度、疲劳强度、稳定性、质量等因素的变刚度弹簧组的模糊可靠性优化设计模型.以货车某新型变刚度弹簧组为研究对象,利用建立的模型对其进行了优化设计分析,计算结果显示,空重车静挠度分别比原设计方案提高了5.4和3.2 mm,同时还使其总质量降低了约15.8%,表明所建立的模糊可靠性优化设计模型能满足设计要求.      

路面透水水泥混凝土性能研究

透水混凝土是具有拱架结构的多孔混凝土。通过正交试验及分析,研究了集浆体积比、集料级配、水胶比等因素对透水混凝土力学性能及透水性能的影响,为透水混凝土的设计与应用提供了依据。     

基于端到端失真优化的无线视频联合编码方案

在无线视频传输环境端到端失真分析的基础上,针对H.264视频流建立了一种新的端到端失真模型.在使用LDPC信道编码方式与该失真分析模型的基础上,提出了一种基于端到端失真优化的联合信源信道编码方案.该方案根据当前无线信道的信噪比与信道带宽等状态信息,自适应地调节信源编码量化参数和信道编码码率,使端到端失真最小.实验结果表明,与固定码率编码相比,本文提出的联合信源信道编码方案可在不增加带宽的情况下显著提高视频传输质量.     

大跨度斜拉桥铅芯橡胶支座的参数优化

提出了一种采用铅芯橡胶支座进行大跨度斜拉桥减震分析方法;分别建立了大跨度斜拉桥、铅芯橡胶支座的空间有限元分析模型,采用时程分析方法计算了桥梁地震响应;用正交设计法对铅芯橡胶支座进行了参数优化.研究表明:经过优化设计的铅芯橡胶支座能有效的减小斜拉桥在地震下响应.     

定墩长间断式直道混凝土护栏的最优结构参数

为获得定墩长间断式直道混凝土护栏的最佳尺寸参数,应用正交试验设计方法,以间断式直道混凝土护栏的5个截面参数为设计变量,每个设计变量考虑了5个水平,基于建立的汽车-护栏碰撞系统动力学模型及LS-DYNA软件,对间断式直道混凝土护栏的25组不同截面参数组合进行了汽车碰撞仿真试验,研究了25组截面参数组合对汽车碰撞过程的影响。仿真结果表明:有2组参数组合的护栏同时满足轮胎完好,护栏完整,头部损伤指标小于1 000的碰撞要求,因此,只要设计参数合理,定墩长间断式混凝土护栏具有较强的吸能能力与引导失控车辆返回正确行驶方向的导向能力,具有良好的工程应用特性。     

基于标杆瞄准法的公路设计过程重组研究

为缩短公路设计过程的周期，降低成本并提高设计质量，提出一种基于标杆瞄准法的公路设计过程重组方法．给出标杆瞄准法的工作原理，分析重组目标，并在此基础上建立重组的具体步骤和应用案例。该方法可实现对设计过程的定性研究与定量评估，找到影响重组目标的关键因素，然后针对这些重点改进的因素寻找重组策略并加以实施。     

沿河弯凹岸路基的冲刷防护试验研究

运用水力分析和试验观测的方法,针对沿河弯凹岸路基坡脚冲刷的护坦和丁坝防护机理、特点以及防护效果进行了研究.根据试验和现场调查资料,提出了防护的主要影响参数.在室内试验和现场观测的基础上,提出采用防坦防护的设计计算方法.同时,对弯道中丁坝冲刷深度的变化特点以及布设要求进行了分析归纳,为沿河弯凹岸路基冲刷防护型式的选择和布设方法提供了参考依据.     

基于移动荷载分析的沥青路面结构优化设计

为了优化沥青路面结构设计,借助大型有限元软件ABAQUS将汽车荷载简化为移动的均布荷载进行路面结构动力分析。利用正交分析方法,选择路面结构各层的厚度、弹性模量值以及泊松比等共17个因素,各因素水平为3个,由统计软件SPSS生成L64（317）的正交表,进行了64次数值模拟试验,然后根据理论知识和实际经验,选取具有代表性的12个考核指标进行综合比较和分析。最后得到了重型货车动荷载作用下动力响应最小的沥青路面结构组合。     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料振动性能的试验研究

设计了泡沫塑料隔振材料振动特性试验装置,对一种增强型聚氨酯泡沫塑料隔振材料进行了试验.试验 结果表明,泡沫塑料隔振材料的振动特性不仅与振幅有关,还与振动频率有关;恢复力同时受频率和振幅的影 响,并与变形历史有关,具有非线性滞后特性;在振动情况下运动中泡沫塑料表现出动刚度非线性和阻尼非线性 的特性,变化十分复杂.