气囊船台设计要点及应注意的问题

利用气囊进行船舶下水,已经成为成熟的船舶下水新工艺,具有广泛的推广意义和价值。文章结合荣成市神飞船舶制造基地1.5万吨级、2.5万吨级、3.5万吨级船台工程的设计,介绍了船台设计要点、船舶利用气囊滚动下水工艺、气囊下水船台的主要特点和气囊下水须要注意的问题。可为相关设计、使用人员提供参考。     

具有创新意义的我国船用气囊标准

在我国已经颁布施行的3800多项船舶行业标准中，值得注意的是我国两个具有创新意义的船用气囊标准。它们的标准号和名称为CB／T3795—1966《船舶上排、下水用气囊》、CB／T3839—1998《船舶用气囊上排、下水工艺要求》，如图1所示。这两个标准是同我国独创的一项造船、修船新工艺——船舶用气囊上排下水分不开的。     

船舶气囊下水运动受力计算及结构强度分析

船舶气囊下水是我国独创的工艺,气囊下水工艺在中小型船舶下水中应用尤为广泛。随着采用气囊下水船舶尺度的增大,下水过程中的不确定因素增多,船用气囊下水的风险也随之增大,因此要解决下水安全问题,就必须不断提高气囊的承载能力和制定更加合理的下水方案。而如今气囊下水多是利用经验进行操作,存在一定的事故隐患,因此运用数值仿真的方法研究气囊下水具有重要的意义和应用价值。     

具有创新意义的我国船用气囊标准

在我国已经颁布施行的3800多项船舶行业标准中,特别值得提及的是具有创新意义的二项船用气囊标准。《船舶上排、下水用气囊》CB／T3795—1996和《船舶用气囊上排、下水工艺要求)CB／T3837—1998。这二项标准的诞生是同我国独创的一项造船新工艺一一气囊下水(上排)分不开的。说它具有创新意义是因为这二项标准     

船舶气囊下水工艺中气囊承载性能影响因素分析

根据气囊承载形状变化规律,基于目前通用的假设条件归纳出船舶气囊下水工艺中气囊承载能力计算模型,分析影响气囊承载力相关因素。发现气囊承载力与气囊初始压力和工作高度密切相关;通过模型分析,设定合适初始压力与降低工作高度可提高船舶气囊下水的安全性。研究成果可供船厂在制定合理的船舶气囊下水工艺方案时参考。     

柔性下水技术走进1999

从1999年6月1日起,一项新标准--CB/T3837-1998<船舶用气囊上排下水工艺要求>将开始实施.这项我国独创的新工艺标准由济南昌林气囊容器厂与中船总公司综合技术经济研究院共同提出、起草,1998年10月在全国海洋船舶标准化技术委员会修船分技委召开的标准审查会上审定通过.新标准总结了多年的实践经验,它的实施将进一步规范船舶用气囊上排、下水的工艺操作规程,使船舶用气囊上下水更加安全可靠.     

科技与产品

江苏主要造船企业去年基建和技改投入创新高，“双机单桨调距桨联合控制系统”通过成果鉴定，上海有史以来建造的最大吨位油轮在沪顺利下水，马来西亚船厂率先引进我国的气囊下水新工艺，船用气囊下水船舶自重又破新记录。     

辖区内船舶气囊下水管理初探

随着船舶气囊下水工艺的飞速发展,使用气囊下水的船舶越来越多,本文对辖区内气囊下水的现状、存在的问题和监管建议提出了分析。     

船舶采用气囊下水工艺的船台压力计算初探

目前,船舶气囊下水过程中的船舶、船台受力变化计算尚未见较为详细的研究结果,这影响到船舶气囊下水工艺的推广。通过对船舶气囊下水工艺的研究,针对该问题提出宽支座弹性计算模型,并应用该模型进行实例计算分析。结果表明,该模型可用于下水过程中的船台压力分析。     

高承载力多层揉压气囊的研制与使用

本文介绍了高承载力气囊的研制背景．提出了“揉压气囊”新概念及其损坏机理。建立了结构受力模型。在这些基础上研制成功的高承载力多层揉压气囊。其承载能力比原型产品提高1．5倍．大大拓展了柔性气囊下水技术的应用范围。通过新产品研制，取得了多项技术成果．包括新型橡胶配方、“低温-长时间”硫化新工艺、“整体双面压合”新方法、优化的结构布局以及头部抗爆设计新结构。这些技术成果为生产高质量的气囊以及其它橡胶产品奠定了基础。新产品投放市场之后，开创了万吨级以上船舶用气囊下水的新局面，气囊下水和上排的船舶重量迭创新高。到目前为止已有数十艘万吨级船舶采用新产品气囊下水．经济效益和社会效益相当可观。新产品的开发成功为我国柔性下水技术的进步和抢救失事船只提供了创新的方式。     

A comparison of rail liberalisation levels across four European countries

This paper presents the results of a research into railway regulation and liberalisation in Italy, France, Germany and Spain. The analysis covers the relationship between the State and the rail companies, network access conditions by operators, slot allocating and pricing schemes and how public service obligations are defined, financed and regulated.     

航海风险识别、评估和控制

因航运业高速发展和海员职业流动性加快,导致全球高级船员紧缺,已引发高级船员提升周期缩短、航海经验不足等现象。航海事故造成人员伤亡、财产损失和污染海洋环境等已严重威胁公共安全,航海事故预防和风险控制越来越受到人们关注。船舶海上事故频发,与船员对海上风险,尤其是船员对人为因素与事故的关系的认识不足有关。通过重点介绍航海风险,提高船员对本船和自身存在的风险意识,采取相应的防范措施。     

Experimental strength analysis of steel plates with a large circular opening accounting for corrosion degradation and cracks subjected to compressive load along the short edges

This work studies the combined effect of both geometrical characteristics (opening and initial imperfections) and age related damage (corrosion and cracks) on the local and global responses of thin rectangular steel plates. A series of experimental tests has been conducted for in-service steel plates with a circular opening and subjected to several damage actions and uni-axial compression. Different initial imperfection shapes and amplitudes, corrosion degradation levels and locked crack lengths are considered. Several collapse modes were observed and the reasons for their occurrence are discussed. The experimental results of force-displacement and stress––strain relationships are presented and the relevant dissipated energies, resilience and toughness are estimated. The experimental results are compared with published experimental results, confirming the complexity of the plate behaviour accounting for different damage scenarios.     

In Political Seas: Engaging with Political Ecology in the Ocean and Coastal Environment

The world’s oceans and coasts are awash in a sea of politics. The marine environment is increasingly busy, changing, and a site of degradation, marginalization, injustice, contestation and conflict over declining resources and occupied spaces at local to global scales. Themes of political ecology, such as power and politics, narratives and knowledge, scale and history, environmental justice and equity, are thus salient issues to understand in ocean and coastal governance and management. This subject review examines research on these themes of political ecology in the ocean and coastal environment and reflects on how the insights gained might be applied to governance and management. Political ecology provides important insights into: the influence of power in ocean management and governance processes; the manner in which narratives, knowledge, and scale are used to legitimize and shape policies and management efforts; the effects of historical trajectories on present circumstances, options, and practices; and the nature of inequities and environmental injustices that can occur in the marine environment. Moreover, ocean and coastal researchers, practitioners, and decision makers ought to engage with the political processes and injustices occurring in the ocean. Moving from critical insights to constructive engagements will ensure that political ecology helps to plant seeds of hope in the Anthropocene ocean.     

现代工程测量技术发展浅谈

电子计算机技术、微电子技术、激光技术、空间技术等新技术的发展与应用,以及测绘科学技术的进步,为工程测量技术进步提供新的方法和手段.阐述现代工程测量仪器的发展状况,介绍与展望地面测量仪器和CPS定位等空间技术在工程测量中的应用和发展.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

RTG的发展趋势

随着大型现代集装箱码头和智能化堆场的发展 ,RTG要保持它目前在集装箱堆场的竞争力 ,就必须不断地进行改进和技术创新 ,尤其要尽快提高其智能化水平 ,进一步降低其操作成本 ,逐步的向大型化、自动化和节能化方向发展。     

超宽带雷达和高功率微波武器一体化设计

介绍具有武器效应雷达的研究现状;分析超宽带雷达（UWBR）和高功率微波武器（HPMW）的组成、基本原理,总结两者的异同点;结合国内外现有技术成果,探讨UWBR和HPMW一体化设计的可行性及发展趋势;参照数字阵列雷达,构想出一种UWBR和HPMW一体化概念设计结构图。     

Maritime logistics as an emerging discipline

The evolution of maritime logistics as an emerging discipline has resulted, to a large extent, from the increasing and varied demands of shippers and customers and the rapidly changing role of ports in the context of supply and logistics chains. Scholars are becoming increasingly aware of the need to integrate logistics and supply chain management concepts in the maritime transportation chain and operations. This article aims to provide a review and foundation for understanding the domain of maritime logistics and to assess its potential as an emerging discipline. To do so, a framework for understanding the various aspects of maritime logistics strategy and implementation is developed. A synthesis of the existing knowledge on maritime logistics is done by integrating diverse explorations forming the basis of this framework. We draw upon the literature on maritime transport and ports and primarily theliterature that analyses concepts by adopting an economic or management perspective.     

大平岛围垦工程对航道、码头影响研究

基于工程海域条件分析,建立了平面二维潮流泥沙数学模型。在实测资料验证良好的基础上,对大平岛围垦工程前、后的潮流、悬沙场等进行了模拟,就工程对围区附近航道、码头的影响进行了分析研究。研究表明,本工程的实施对周边海域没有大范围的根本性影响,其影响主要集中在西侧水道的局部水域,会使处于围区西侧水道的燕山热电厂煤码头及其航道等产生淤积,建议定期疏浚或采取其它工程措施。