2007年国际干散货运输市场展望

对2006年国际干散货航运市场走势及具体运行特点进行了分析,并对2007年宏观环境变化情况和干散货航运市场发展趋势进行了预测。     

国际干散货航运市场与世界经济的相关性

为掌握世界经济变化给国际干散货航运市场带来的影响,对影响国际干散货航运市场各主要因素和评价指标进行分析,应用灰色关联度分析法,对各指标与世界经济的关联度进行定量分析,得到与世界经济关联度最大的因素,反映整个国际干散货航运市场与世界经济的相关性。     

FFA在航运市场风险管理中的应用

随着国际干散货贸易的繁荣和运价波动性的加大,在过去几年里FFA市场也得到较大发展。分析国际干散货航运市场的不确定性,介绍远期运费协议(FFA)的含义及其在国际干散货航运市场中的发展情况,探讨FFA风险管理的作用,最后,面对航运市场较大的波动性,提出中国船东和租家必须学会利用FFA这一新的工具进行风险管理的建议。     

全球干散货航运市场发展形势分析

金融危机之前,全球干散货航运市场高度兴旺,反映国际干散货航运市场整体行情的波罗的海干散货运价指数(BDI)一度达到11 793点的历史最高位。危机爆发后,全球干散货航运市场出现大幅下挫。此后,随着全球干散货航运市场的回暖,BDI有所反弹,但已难以回到危机前的水平。近年来,尤其是进入2017年以来,随着运力供需关系改善,干散货航运市场触底回升。2017年,BDI一度冲刺至12月中旬的1 743点,迫近四年前高位水平;全年BDI平均值为1 145点,同比大幅上涨70%。     

国际干散货航运市场分析

本文重点从需求的角度分析了国际干散货航运市场主要干散货种铁矿石、煤炭、粮谷和小宗散货的海运量分布、贸易现状以及未来的发展趋势。然后对国际干散货航运市场的运力从船队规模、船龄结构、运力发展趋势等方面作了整体分析。     

国际干散货航运市场船舶运力的预测以及浅析

国际干散货航运市场是竞争激烈、环境迅速变化的市场。其供给市场作为航运市场的重要部分,在航运市场的整个系统分析中扮演着非常重要的角色。因此,对于航运市场的供给情况做出一个较为准确的预测是至关重要的。本文主要采用灰色预测、ARMA模型对航运市场的运力供给情况做出一个定量的简单预测,同时结合预测结果对国际干散货的运力以及航运市场做出简单的分析。     

2008年：国际干散货海运市场冰火两重天

2008年,对于所有航运从业者都来说,都是刻骨铭心的。受美国金融海啸冲击,全球航运业率先其他行业出现下滑,市场低迷程度堪称前所未有,特别干散货航运市场惨烈程度超出所有人预期。反映国际干散货航运市场运行水平的波罗的干散货运价指数（BDI）,2008年5月29日,最高达到11793点,2008年12月5日,最低跌到663点,     

国际干散货航运市场运力发展

阐述国际干散货航运市场运力发展现状,分析引起干散货航运市场持续低迷的主要原因,针对当前干散货航运市场运力过剩的问题,提出加大老旧船舶拆解力度、提高船舶封存速度、延长船舶订单交付期、合理配置全球运力资源及船舶实行经济航速等运力调整策略。     

基于BP神经网络的干散货航运市场运价预警

为分析预测干散货航运市场运价波动的警情,采用BP神经网络的学习算法,建立干散货航运市场运价预警模型。选择干散货船队运力供给、干散货船队运力需求、OECD工业生产指数、原油价格和FFA合约价等5项指标作为警兆指标,运用因子分析法并结合航运专家知识经验,确定干散货航运市场运价的实际警情。通过编制MATLAB软件程序,对实例样本进行训练和检测,表明此方法对干散货航运市场运价预警有很好的适用性。     

2000年国际干散货市场回顾与2001年展望

每个航运市场大行情背后都有一个与之相称的世界经济,今年近5%的世界经济增长率,使国际干散货市场成为自1995年以来表现最好的一年。2001年世界经济将进入平稳发展期,因此国际干散货运输市场必将有所调整,新增运力的迅速增加,也将使之种趋势更加明显。本文重点从世界经济贸易形势、干散货贸易量、各船型运力供给、燃油市场等四个方面对2001年的干散货市场进行了全面的分析预测。     

金融危机时期国际干散货船舶运输市场状况与对策

2008年金融危机以来,世界经贸形势错综复杂,国际干散货船舶运输市场陷入低迷,BDI指数持续低谷盘整。研究了国际干散货运输需求情况和运力增长规模,剖析了国际干散货运价走势,并针对金融危机时期国际干散货船舶运输市场状况,提出了金融危机时期国际干散货船舶运输的发展对策。     

An analysis of freight rate volatility in dry bulk shipping markets

The world bulk shipping market has been in a peak period since 2003, and this has lasted an incredibly long time considering that the markets are much more complex than before. This paper investigates the characteristics of volatility in dry bulk freight rates of different vessel sizes (capesize, panamax and handysize). The daily returns of freight rate indices of three different types of bulk vessel in the sample period have been examined. The sample period ran from 1 March 1999 to 23 December 2005, and applying the GARCH (generalized auto regressive conditional heteroskedasticity) model showed that the shocks will not decrease but have the tendency to strengthen for all the daily return series. Further, external shocks on the market have a different magnitude of influence on volatility in different types of vessels due to their distinct flexibility. To examine the asymmetric characters of daily return volatility in different bulk shipping sectors and different market conditions, the sample was divided into two periods: one is from 1 March 1999 to 31 December 2002, the other is from 1 January 2003 to 23 December 2005; the EGARCH (exponential generalized auto regressive conditional heteroskedasticity) model was then applied to investigate the asymmetric impact between past innovations and current volatility. The results show that the asymmetric characters are distinct for different vessel size segments and different market conditions. The reasons for the results are discussed and it is considered that the main reasons may be the different flexibility and different commodity transport on different routes. The results from this investigation will be useful for the operators and investors in the dry bulk shipping market to increase profitability and reduce investment risk.     

The relative efficiency and financial risk assessment of shipping companies

Since shipping companies are highly competitive, we ask whether financial risk assessment tools impact company performance and, therefore competitiveness and efficiency. Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) is used in the evaluation. Based on distinct features of the risk-return relationship, three cargo segments in the shipping industry are studied—dry bulk, liquid bulk, and containerized cargo. The influence of the risk assessment indicators on market and operational efficiency is subsequently determined using a panel regression to determine whether different asset allocation and risk management techniques improve the performance of shipping companies. In this analysis, 79 international shipping companies listed in Bloomberg Shipping Indices are included in the data collected from Thomson One for the period of 2001–2010. Efficiency estimation from the SFA shows that containerized cargo firms have better performance in both market and operating efficiencies. Operating efficiency performance is achieved by lowering liquidity. Market efficiency is improved by well-managed leverage level.     

国际干散货运输市场回顾与展望

2003年是国际干散货运输市场迄今为止表现最为强劲的一年。以中国进口铁矿石和日本进口煤炭为核心的需求空前高涨,谷物和小宗散货海运贸易也十分活跃,历史罕见的压港和低增长的新交船使运力供应高度紧张,市场出现严重的“结构性失调”,不仅夏季淡季不淡,表现火爆。而且在中国“十一”长假期间出现“井喷”行情,BDI指数一举冲破4 500点大关,较上一个历史高点1995年5月1日的2 352点高出2 000多点,三大船型运价水平均创历史新高。之后市场经过半个月的调整又再度发力,BDI再度越过4 700点大关,以完美的表现宣告了今年的结束。各权威机构对世界经济在2004年将加快发展已经基本达成共识,而目前在国际干散货运输市场中起着引擎作用的我国经济发展更是势头强劲,其钢铁工业步入高增长期,已成为不容争辩的事实,这无疑都为国际干散货运输市场提供了一个更加广阔的发展空间。运力方面虽然新交船数量略高,但船舶压港短时间内难以解决。因此,2004年的干散货运输市场总体形势看好。     

2003年国际干散货运输市场分析与展望

告别了不平凡的2002年,我们走入2003年。2002年之所以不平凡,是因为在一片惨淡之中,国际干散货运输市场一枝独秀,在很短的时间内就完成了结束低谷进入波峰的大动作,并把这种强势带入了2003年。虽然目前受远东地区农历新年的影响,市场出现一定的调整,但仍处于高位,假日过后市场将会重新步入上升区间,总体上今年的市场环境要好于2002年。     

严冬回暖中的航运企业生存与发展问题的探讨

由美国次贷危机而引发的金融危机对全球航运市场产生了严重影响,对航运市场特别是干散货市场和集装箱市场造成了巨大的冲击,使航运市场跌入低谷。虽然现在有回暖的趋势,但今年的行情仍然不容乐观。航运企业应该及时调整经营策略,采取积极的应对措施,将金融危机给企业带来的损失降低到最小程度。     

2006年国际干散货运输市场走势预测

2005年国际干散货运输市场总体表现为前高后低、中间大幅调整、波动剧烈等特征。对于2006年的市场走势,业界已达成调整下降的共识,但调整的幅度、下降的速度观点不一。通过宏观和微观两个方面分析世界和中国经济的发展、钢铁业的走势、需求与供给、市场面临的风险,综合预测2006年国际干散货运输市场的走势。     

Technical changes and impacts on economic performance of dry bulk vessels

Spurred by the expanding bulk shipping and technological innovations, dry bulk vessels have gained considerable development in ship types, ship design, and operation since the invention of the first specialized dry bulk carrier in the early 1950s. However, questions like: what changes in technical specifications have occurred for dry bulk vessels during the past four decades; what triggered these changes and what impacts have these specific changes had on shipping costs or earnings potential, have never been examined systematically in previous work. Subsequently, this article attempts to investigate changes in main technical specifications and relationships between the main technical variables and their economic performance measured by costs and revenues of dry bulk carriers. Technical changes in speed, deadweight, lightweight, and engines are checked for the main types of dry bulk vessels, and trends revealed in these developments are demonstrated to be the consequences of both technical improvement and economical considerations. Additionally, it has been found that the earnings potential differs much from dry bulk vessels with different technical specifications. This can be manifested in the sensitivity analysis. The analysis of this article may contain useful information to practitioners of dry bulk shipping in guiding their market decisions about ship building and operations.     

沿海干散货运输市场预测及建议

通过数据详尽分析2009年沿海干散货运输市场的水运形势,同时根据电力行业、钢铁行业的发展对未来2-3年中国煤炭需求、金属矿石需求和干散货运输市场进行预测,建议重视集疏运系统建设,签订长期协议,提高合同兑现率。