Simulation des temps de parcours du transport ferroviaire régional du bassin de vie stéphanois dans le cadre du projet Bahn.Ville

The French-German research project Bahn.Ville, dealing with Rail oriented development and intermodality in German and French urban regions, has consisted in identifying the principles and factors of success of an urban development oriented towards rail, and in testing them in the agglomeration of Saint-Étienne. One of the research-actions focussed on identifying and anticipating the potential impacts in terms of urban development of a new transport system, of the tram-train type, on an existing railway line. The effect of the insertion of new stops on the global journey time is one of the criterion of the evaluation of new stops. A simulation method of the journey times is presented in this paper. The interest and the limits of this approach, regarding the rolling stock choice and the insertion of new stops, are emphasized.     

Une comparaison internationale des prix du camionnage Afrique,Asie du sud-est,Amérique centrale

In 1996 inrets carried out road haulage pricing surveys in seven countries in three continents, Africa, South-East Asia and Latin America, in order to gain a clear picture of the higher cost of transport in Africa. There is a considerable variation in the unit costs of road haulage within a particular country, indeed this variation is greater than the variation between the average price in different countries. In particular, the tennage which is transported and the distance involved have a major influence on the price per torine x kilometre. In order to quantify the differences in price which exist between different countries it is therefore necessary to define an indicator which takes account of the main factors which determine prices, other than the country. Varied types of satistical analysis, in particular involving modelling have been used to indicate how these parameter affect the tariffs of transport in each country and estimate the average price for each country for a particular distance or tonnage. The selected indicators all agree that over long distances road haulage is significantly more expensive in Africa than in Asia. There are differences between the African countries, Cameroon being the most expensive.     

Choix modal et valeurs du temps en Île-de-France

This paper estimates values of time in the Paris region by investigating modal choice. It uses survey data from the 1997 Enquête globale de transport and results from simulation using the model developed by the IAURIF (Institut d'aménagement et d'urbanisme de la région Île-de-France). Initially, the authors applied conventional Logit and Probit models to give estimates for groups of users based on age, gender, income and geographic variables relating to the location of their residence and work. In general our values of time are higher than the official figure. Two extensions of the basic models were then tested. First, with a Mixed Logit model, the heterogeneity of users was considered, then ER-logit model was applied to examine income effects. The main finding is the extent to which the income effect modifies values of time estimates. The paper also presents a separate distribution of values of time for car users and public transport users and an assessment of the proportion of their income that users take into account when selecting a transport mode.     

Les valeurs du temps des automobilistes à Marseille en 1995

Eighteen months after the urban tolled underground motorway Prado-Carénage tunnel was-opened in Marseilles (France), road-side interviews were conducted at both the tunnel entry and on the alternative roads. These Revealed Preference data provide a basis for an analysis of competition between a toll road and alternative free roads. In this paper, the binary choice fast toll road vs. free slow road is modelled with respect to the difference in travel time The model is a binary,logit model with a varying Value of-Time (VoT). Estimation by the Maximum Likelihood method shows a significant dispersion of the VoT, with a mean which is 30% higher than the median; it also shows that for a given travel time difference the dispersion in the VoTs explains two thirds of the variability in the path choice. Assuming that the competing roads only differ in price and time, a resulting mean VoT of 70 F/h (12 $/h) was estimated for a car driver during an urban trip in Marseilles in 1995. The first part of the paper introduces the behavioural assumptions in the microeconomic model. Then the data is analyzed and a log-normal distribution of the VoT is estimated. Lastly we indicate how to transfer the method and results to other studies.     

Détection de stationnarités anormales dans les couloirs du métro

One of the factors which discourages use of public transport is the feeling of insecurity. In order to overcome this, the operators of metro networks are attempting to find techniques to detect more incidents or anomalies rapidly. It is within this framework, as part of the European cromatica project, that research has been undertaken at inrets by the video team in the Traffic Analysis and Control Department (dart). This paper will concentrate on the detection of abnormal stationarities in metro corridors. Operators wish to identify events of this type as a prolonged stationarity may denote the presence of a drug pusher, an illicit vendor, a thief watching a potential victim, a homeless person, a person suffering from illness, a person who has had a fall, or an abandoned object. The paper firstly gives an account of the developed system and its context and then describes the image processing techniques which have been used. The results obtained with real complex situations are then presented.     

Choix d'itinéraires et péage urbain Le cas du tunnel Prado-Carénage, à Marseille

This paper has a dual aim. Firstly, to identify the principal factors which explain route choice among drivers to Marseille in the context of urban tolling and secondly to assess marginally willingness to pay in order to save time and improve travel conditions. For this purpose we have used of the results of a 1995 stated preference survey of potential users of the Prado-Carénage tunnel in Marseille. Initially the paper describes the changeover values-of-time using a conventional price-time model. The sample has also been broken down into three homogeneous behaviour classes for each of which a Logit model has been calibrated. Analysis of the results has confirmed that there is no single value-of-time there is rather one (or several) distribution curve(s) of maximum willingness to pay. This illustrates the diversity of individual preferences and behaviours and confirms our starting hypothesis, namely that there is not a single value of time but as many values as there are individuals and that each individual has a large number of values depending on the nature of the trip in question.     

L'entrée de la Cerdagne française dans l'espace économique barcelonais rôle de l'axe routier du Llobregat

Cerdanva is a mountainous trans-frontier region in the Pyrenees. Completion of the Barcelona-Bourg Madame section of the Barcelona-Toulouse motorway in 1995 brought Cerdanya to within a two-hour drive of Barcelona. This coincided with rising living standards in Catalonia and the creation of new affluent classes. The new road, which is known as the llobregat motorway, brought many more visitors to Spanish Cerdanya. The same occurred two years later from 1989–1990 in French Cerdanya. This increased cross-border traffic can be linked to increasing prosperity in French Cerdanya as witnessed by a rise in average taxable household income. At the same time a large number of properties. changed hands, most of them bought by people from Barcelona, and major property developers from Catalonia arrived in French Gerdanya. Leisure tourism seems to be bringing French Gerdanya into Barcelona's area of influence, which means that the economic and administrative borders are becoming dissociated.     

Quelle place pour la sécurité routière dans les plans de déplacements urbains? Entre intégration et diffusion,le cas du plan de déplacements urbains de Lille métropole

This paper describes the position given to road safety in Urban Travel Plans by analyzing Urban Travel Plan document from eleven cities and undertakes a more in-depth investigation of road safety in the Urban Community of Lille. These plans provide an opportunity to disseminate knowledge about road safety to the other areas of urban management. They also describe the beginning of an integration of road safety in urban planning, even if intersectoral approaches at city level have yet to be developed and even if, in the case of Lille, the division of institutional competence with regard to the management of public space still requires clarification.