整体式无接触热阻散热器传热元件的研究

介绍了国内首次研制成功的Al质整体式无接触热阻散热器翅片管传热元件的结构与特点 ,对整体式无接触热阻散热器与管带式散热器进行了对比试验 ,并对试验所得的传热与阻力进行了分析。试验结果表明 ,无接触热阻散热器传热性能和可靠性优于管带式散热器 ,且体积小 ,质量轻 ,工序少 ,是目前车用管带式散热器理想的替代产品     

Thermal anaysis of an electric water pump for internal combustion engine vehicles

An electric water pump for engine cooling system has an advantage which particularly in the cold start, the use of the electric water pump saves fuel and leads to a corresponding reduction in emissions. However, the electric water pump for internal combustion engine generates much more heat loss than that for hybrid electric vehicle or electric vehicle since it is operated by electric power of high current and low voltage. In this study, the fluid flow and thermal characteristics of the canned type electric water pump with an inverter integrated has been investigated under the effects of heat generation. The analysis conditions such as outdoor air temperature of 125°C, water pump speed of 6000 rpm, coolant temperature of 106°C and coolant flow rate of 120 L/min were used as a standard condition. Therefore, the thermal performance of the canned type electric water pump’s motor and inverter was evaluated by comparison with that of mechanical seal type. In the motor, the temperature reduced by over 10°C, and in the inverter, the amount of temperature decrease equaled to the maximum temperature difference, about 18.7°C. Also, canned type electric water pumps of variable materials were compared for the evaluation of thermal transfer performance for variable thermal conductivity of a can. The motor and inverter were cooled lower to 42°C at motor and about 40°C at inverter for reasonable selection of can’s thermal conductivity.     

某型汽油机水套CFD分析

汽油机水套能保证冷却液在其内部循环从而带走发动机产生的热量。文章基于车型匹配需求,将一款汽油机的布置形式由横置改为纵置,根据散热器出水口位置设定了2种方案,并对其水套进行CFD分析,以确定最佳的方案。文章使用FIRE软件分析了2种方案中水套的流速、换热系数及其分布情况。结果表明：从气缸体和气缸盖的流体速度大小和分布均匀性来看,方案Ⅱ优于方案Ⅰ;从气缸体和气缸盖的换热系数值大小和分布均匀性来看,方案Ⅱ优于方案Ⅰ。因此,方案Ⅱ的冷却水套能达到更佳的冷却效果。     

百叶窗翅片式散热器性能数值模拟与优化

文章以某百叶窗翅片式散热器为研究对象,取传热因子j、摩擦因子f、综合性能因子JF为量化指标,借助Fluent软件模拟散热器在不同工况下的流场、温度场及压力场分布情况,研究散热器的传热及流阻性能,并通过风洞试验验证仿真结果的可靠性.结合试验结果设计了一种新型孔状百叶窗翅片散热器,与传统百叶窗翅片散热器相比,传热因子最大提...     

百叶窗翅片汽车散热器特性仿真研究

以百叶窗翅片汽车散热器为研究对象，提出了基于散热器微元结构的动态传热模型，把散热器传热过程分为水侧传热，翅片管传热和空气侧传热3部分来考虑，建立了相应的散热器传热及阻力特性的数学模型，并在MATLAB/SIMCLINK环境中建立了其仿真模型，进行了仿真值与试验值的比较，结果表明，仿真结果与相应的百叶窗翅片散热器试验数据基本一致。     

侧置式重型柴油机中冷器和散热器布置形式对冷却性能的影响

以侧置式重型柴油发动机舱内的冷却模块(中冷器和散热器)为研究对象,建立了发动机舱及冷却模块的内部三维流动与传热的数值仿真模型。通过舱内冷却空气流动与冷却模块的传热耦合仿真分析,研究了中冷器和散热器在前后布置与上下布置两种形式下的散热性能。结果表明:与中冷器和散热器的前后布置形式相比,采用上下布置形式时,散热器冷却液出口温度基本不变,中冷器热侧出口温度降低了24%。中冷器和散热器上下布置形式有利于进一步降低发动机热负荷,减小发动机冷却模块尺寸,节约材料,优化发动机舱空间布局。     

车用小功率液体燃油加热器的研制

介绍了所研制的小功率车用液体燃油加热器的特点。为提高热效率,避免高温燃气在换热过程中易直接由排气口侧流道短路逃逸的现象,对杯筒形热交换体底面上的放射状径向散热片采取径向片顶非等直径结构,以径向片顶直径大小不同分组,使各组散热片以靠近排气口侧的数量密度最大,其密度由下而上逐渐减小,至排气口对面一侧为最小;同时,将杯筒形热交换体底面放射状径向散热片的轴向片顶所组成的平面,设计成排气口侧高,对面一侧低的楔形。而将燃烧器设计成有利于气体流动,不易产生积炭的锥盖形燃烧室,并配以切向进气孔强化油气混合,使其充分燃烧。对燃烧器内的气体流动进行了模拟计算和分析。经验证,该加热器的设计是成功的。     

Effect of Charge Density on Spray Characteristics,Combustion Process,and Emissions of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

In-cylinder charge density at top dead center is an important parameter of diesel engines and is influenced by intake pressure, intake temperature, and compression ratio. The effects of charge density on fuel spray, combustion process, and emissions were investigated by using a constant volume bomb and a heavy-duty diesel engine. Spray development resistance increased with the increase of the charge density in the constant volume bomb. It was found that short spray penetration was accompanied by a large spray cone angle in the former stage with high charge density. However, the equivalence ratio was lowered and the degree of homogeneity of the mixture was increased in the later stage owing to the rapid interaction of fuel and gas at a high mixing rate. Combining the first law of thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics for analysis, as the charge density increased, the gross indicated thermal efficiency (ITEg) was improved. However, pumping loss had to be considered with higher charge density. Under this condition, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) trend was increased initially and decreased subsequently. Under high-load operation (1200 r/min BMEP, 2.0 MPa), the minimum charge density value of 44.8 kg/m³ was found to be reasonable. This charge density was suitable for combustion and brought about minimum exhaust energy and trade-off emissions. Moreover, by analyzing two operation conditions in terms of the maximum BTE with the Miller and the conventional cycles, compression temperature and combustion temperature were reduced in the Miller cycle with the charge density 44.8 kg/m³. A high C_p/C_v could improve the cylinder exergy/power conversion process by its positive effect of increasing the specific heat ratio. Owing to the interaction between a high C_p/C_v and exergy loss to heat transfer, the condition with the minimal charge density could produce more piston work.     

冷却液流动均匀性对缸套热变形的影响研究

对某一高压共轨柴油机的冷却液流动特性和缸盖、缸套关键点温度进行了台架测试,为热分析提供边界条件;建立了缸盖-缸套-冷却水-机体流固耦合模型,应用流-固耦合传热方法,研究了冷却液流动均匀性对缸套热变形的影响,并优化了机体分水孔和缸盖上水孔的流动特性.结果表明:优化后的水套,各缸冷却不均匀性系数平均减小了9.78％;缸盖水...     

超大型城市供水泵站前池导流措施的流场及水力模型研究

该文针对多种约束性条件下的大型泵站前池流态,通过建立紊流不可压缩流体的速度场模型及多方案的水力模型,运用有限体积法计算并分析了增设导流锥、导流墩对前池及吸水池流场的改善情况。数值模拟的计算结果表明,增加导流锥后,喇叭口下方水泵进水偏流角一般均小于4°,对改善进泵偏流效果显著;事故工况时,单侧吸水池的水泵平均流量偏差比由26.89%降低至13.26%,吸水管附近水流比较平顺、均匀。水力模型试验表明,泵站前池的八字形导流墩方案可有效地消除存在的大范围回流区和斜向流,并通过调整配水孔口的分流比加强导流作用;导流墩整流方案配水渠至前池末端最大水位落差为0.020m,满足设计方所提出的水力设计要求。     

依维柯汽车机油冷却器传热及流阻性能的试验研究

在对依维柯汽车用板翅式机油冷却器做传热及流阻性能试验的基础上，得出了传热系数等规律性关联式。热阻分析表明，对于该机油冷却器，其油侧热阻只占总热阻的12％～36％，进一步的强化传热只能在水侧进行。文中提出的速度指数分析方法及热阻组成分离分析方法，为分析比较机油冷却器的性能提供了条件。     

基于Fluent的电动汽车电机控制器冷却板改进

文章针对电动汽车电机控制器散热问题进行了分析,旨在使其工作在合适温度。建立了电动汽车电机控制器冷却器的三维模型,应用CFD（计算流体力学）方法对冷却器和功率模块的温度场进行了分析。分析结果描述了冷却器板、功率模块及水道在各入口水压下的温度场,并根据分析结果对水道进行了结构改进。改进后的分析结果表明,功率模块的温升有明显降低,这为控制器高效工作和延长其使用寿命提供了保证。     

Performance characteristics of a supplementary stack-cooling system for fuel-cell vehicles using a carbon dioxide air-conditioning unit

In fuel-cell-powered vehicles, the fuel-cell system requires a thermal-management subsystem to dissipate heat released during the reaction of hydrogen with oxygen. When the stack generates power at a high rate, a large amount of heat is also generated. If cooling by the radiator is insufficient, a supplementary stack-cooling system is needed to maintain a safe operating temperature. In this study, the performance of a CO₂ air-conditioning unit for stack cooling was investigated under various conditions, and the relationship between cabin cooling and stack cooling was also studied. The coefficient of performance (COP) increased from 1.9 to 2.4, with an increase in cabin-air inlet flow rate from 0 to 8 m³/min. When the air-conditioning unit was turned off, the cooling capacity of the stack cooler was increased; correspondingly, as the cabin-cooling capacity was increased, that of the stack cooler decreased. With an increase in ambient-air inlet temperature from 38°C to 45°C, the COP decreased by 24%. Additionally, both the stack-cooling capacity and cabin-cooling capacity were decreased by about 12% and 16%, respectively, due to reduced heat transfer in the gas cooler as the ambient air inlet temperature was increased. It is expected that the experimental results can serve as a resource in designing a stack-cooling system using a CO₂ air-conditioning unit to enhance stack power generation and efficiency.     

活塞振荡冷却的数值模拟计算及温度场分析

利用CFD动态网格层变法建立了活塞振荡冷却的瞬态计算模型,并应用VOF模型对活塞的振荡冷却进行了瞬态数值模拟计算。分析了活塞在不同位置时油腔内冷却油的流动情况,得到了内冷油腔的机油填充率、壁面传热系数等随曲轴转角的变化规律。为验证其冷却效果,提取了内冷油腔壁面的换热边界,对活塞的温度场进行了有限元模拟计算,并与试验结果进行了对比,为活塞的优化设计提供了依据。     

喷水对氩气循环天然气发动机爆震及热效率的影响分析

基于一台汽油/天然气两用燃料的涡轮增压三缸发动机,建立GT-Power仿真模型,研究喷水对准氩气动力循环发动机工作过程的影响。结果表明,在低负荷工况下,喷水后缸内的温度和压力都下降;增大水气比（水和甲烷的质量比）和推迟点火则传热损失减少但排气损失增加,存在热效率提升的较宽水气比范围和最优的水气比,推迟点火时刻和喷水对于爆震有良好的抑制作用。在大负荷爆震工况下,喷水能够显著抑制爆震,提前点火时刻可以得到更优的燃烧效率,喷水可使制动平均有效压力（Brake Mean Effective Pressure,BMEP）为0.6 MPa时指示热效率提高0.2%、有效热效率提高0.1%,0.8 MPa工况的指示热效率提高0.4%、有效热效率提高0.2%,1.2 MPa工况的指示热效率提高1.2%、有效热效率提高0.8%（水气比为1工况相对于水气比为0.4工况）。结合低负荷工况和高负荷工况的表现,发现喷水能有效抑制发动机的爆震,并能提升发动机的热效率。     

发动机冷却系统性能评估方法及正向设计应用

工程车辆通常将冷却风扇与散热器进行组合作为发动机冷却系统,为便于对冷却系统性能进行评估,在熵产单元数、效率等散热器性能评价方法基础上,将冷却风扇纳入评价体系,实现系统性能评估。结合国内某型双钢轮振动压路机,将该方法应用于正向设计中,实现对冷却风扇优选。结果表明:以冷空气侧的空气体积流量为公共变量,可将冷却风扇与散热器整合在熵产单元数、效率的评价指标内;三维CFD仿真模型中,中冷器、冷却液散热器、液压油散热器热流体温度误差分别为3.15%,4.07%,2.83%,误差在合理范围内,仿真模型正确;仿真中获取的冷空气实际流量,对整个评价和设计具有较为重要的作用;在产品正向设计时,该方法可用于冷却风扇优选。     

车用管带式散热器的性能研究

针对车用管带式散热器,在试验和分析计算的基础上,建立预测管带式散热器的传热与流动阻力的数学模型,即传热因子j(柯尔朋数)和摩擦因子f(范宁摩擦系数)的计算关联式,并且编制了相应的计算程序,计算结果与试验数据在常规工况范围内基本吻合。同时,也在相同的条件下采用了Y. J. Chang建立的数学模型进行计算,并与试验结果做了比较。利用所编制的计算程序分析了散热器结构参数对散热器性能的影响,从而为改进散热器性能提供依据。     

冷热冲击工况下发动机冷却水套传热分析

通过模拟整车在上下坡过程中发动机工作状况,建立了冷却水套非稳态工作环境,利用CFX流体分析软件对非稳态工况下的冷却水套流动传热状况进行仿真分析,得到了冷却液流场和温度场,通过流固耦合分析得出了发动机缸体缸盖热负荷的分布情况。对发动机进行了实际的变工况试验验证,证明了仿真分析的正确性,验证了冷热冲击试验可以为冷却水套换热分析提供准确的工况环境。     

一种整车环境散热器性能检测方法及模型

汽车散热器是汽车冷却系统的重要组成部分,使其内部的冷却液和通过其表面的空气进行热交换来降低冷却液温度,防止发动机过热而损坏,文章主要在整车环境条件下研究散热器在不同转速和不同迎面风速时的散热能力大小,并构建冷却液流量、散热器表面风速场及散热器散热系数的整车散热器散热模型。     

Cooling performance of 25 kW in-wheel motor for electric vehicles

The in-wheel motor used in electric vehicles was designed and constructed for an electric direct-drive traction system. It is difficult to connect cooling water piping to the in-wheel motor because the in-wheel motor is located within the wheel structure. In the air cooling structure for the in-wheel motor, an outer surface on the housing is provided with cooling grooves to increase the heat transfer area. In this study, we carried out the analysis on the fluid flow and thermal characteristics of the in-wheel motor for various motor speeds and heat generations. In order to resolve heat release, the analysis has been performed using conjugate heat transfer (conduction and convection). As a result, flow fields and temperature distribution inside the in-wheel motor were obtained for base speed condition (1250 rpm) and maximum speed condition (5000 rpm). The thermo-flow analysis of the in-wheel motor for vehicles was performed in consideration of ram air effect. Also, in order to improve cooling effect of the motor, we variously changed geometries of housing. Therefore, we confirmed the feasibility of the air cooling for the motors of 25 kW capacity with housing geometry having cooling grooves and investigated the cooling performance enhancement. We found that the cooling effect was most excellent, in case that cooling groove direction was same with air flow direction and arranged densely.