Model-Based Integrated Control of Engine and CVT to Minimize Fuel Use

In this study, a model-based integrated control method for engines and continuous variable transmissions (CVTs) is developed. CVT refers to a type of transmission which allows an engine to be operated independently with respect to the vehicle speed, with the engine torque and CVT gear ratio controlled in an integrated manner. In the proposed integrated control scheme, engine operating points which minimize the rate of instantaneous fuel consumption are calculated, and the engine target torque and target gear ratio are determined in an integrated manner based on the results of the calculations. Unlike the previous map-based control method, the method introduced in this study does not require an engine torque map or a CVT ratio map for tuning, and the engine torque and CVT ratio are controlled to minimize the amount of fuel used while satisfying the level of acceleration demand from the driver. The control scheme is based on the powertrain model, and the CVT response lag and transmission loss are also considered in the integrated control processes. The algorithm is simulated with various driving cycles, with the simulation results showing that the fuel economy performance of the vehicle system is improved with the newly suggested engine-CVT integrated control algorithm.     

发动机管理系统在505SX型车上的应用研究

以油耗较高的标致505SX型车为研究对象,在其XN1A发动机上应用发动机管理系统开展了降低油耗与排放的研究工作.通过发动机管理系统选型、发动机台架标定试验、整车标定试验等研究工作,开发了XN1A发动机燃油喷射电控系统与电控点火系统,并进行了发动机外特性及万有特性的测试.试验结果表明,该发动机管理系统能使发动机及整车燃油消耗明显降低,其动力性优于原化油器式发动机,排放性能也有所改善.     

发动机液压悬置低频模型参数识别方法的研究

根据悬置低频振动模型,提出了基于DE算法的发动机液压悬置模型识别方法,由简单的低频正弦激振试验直接估计模型的关键参数值,完成模型的参数识别。基于上述理论和试验相结合的模型识别方法可以代替组件试验,识别结果可直接用于复杂结构悬置元件的动特性预测和整车NVH性能研究。     

基于CFD的整车涉水性能仿真预测

发动机气缸进水将直接导致车辆熄火甚至发动机报废,因此避免发动机进气口水入侵是整车涉水性能开发的关注重点.本文采用流体力学的两相流模型和动网格模型建立整车涉水仿真模型.通过实时监测发动机舱水位高度、发动机进气口的水体积分数和进水量来预测整车涉水性能.对标发动机舱内水位高度的实验与仿真结果,验证了此方法可应用于车辆涉水性能...     

车辆动力传动系建模与整车性能仿真

动力传动系性能是影响车辆动力性和燃油经济性的重要因素,而发动机数学模型是整车性能模拟计算的重要依据。文中采用最小二乘拟合法获取发动机外特性的转速一元函数,运用曲面拟合法获取基于发动机转速和转矩的二元函数万有特性模型,运用Matlab建立整车动力性与燃油经济性计算机仿真平台。数值仿真计算和道路试验结果对比表明,计算方法及仿真平台设计是正确的,模拟计算值有效、可靠。     

Topological analysis of powertrains for refuse-collecting vehicles based on real routes–Part I: Hybrid hydraulic powertrain

In this two-part paper, a topological analysis of powertrains for refuse-collecting vehicles (RCVs) based on the simulation of different architectures (internal combustion engine, hybrid electric, and hybrid hydraulic) on real routes is proposed. In this first part, a characterization of a standard route is performed, analyzing the average power consumption and the most frequent working points of an internal combustion engine (ICE) in real routes. This information is used to define alternative powertrain architectures. A hybrid hydraulic powertrain architecture is proposed and modelled. The proposed powertrain model is executed using two different control algorithms, with and without predictive strategies, with data obtained from real routes. A calculation engine (an algorithm which runs the vehicle models on real routes), is presented and used for simulations. This calculation engine has been specifically designed to analyze if the different alternative powertrain delivers the same performance of the original ICE. Finally, the overall performance of the different architectures and control strategies are summarized into a fuel and energy consumption table, which will be used in the second part of this paper to compare with the different architectures based on hybrid electric powertrain. The overall performance of the different architectures indicates that the use of a hybrid hydraulic powertrain with simple control laws can reduce the fuel consumption up to a 14 %.     

基于气动风洞测试的整车热管理CFD分析精度提升方法

研究了在整车开发前期,通过油泥模型在气动风洞中测试前端模块的风速来标定热管理CFD模型的方法,分解了测试流程和标定方法,使标定后的模型与试验一致性较好。利用标定后的模型可以在项目开发早期提升热管理机舱内流分析准确度,使发动机舱内流场的优化做到空气动力学性能和热管理性能的最佳平衡。     

Control and evaluation of active suspension for MDOF vehicle model

The current method for solving the problem of active suspension control for a vehicle often uses a quarter car or a half car model. This kind of model is not suitable for practical applications. In this paper, based on considering the influence of factors such as the engine, seat and passengers, a MDOF (multi-degree-of-freedom model) describing the vehicle motion has been set up, and a controller for this model is designed by using LQ control theory. Furthermore the appropriate control scheme is selected by testing various performance indexes.     

Novel coordinated algorithm for Traction Control System on split friction and slope road

A Traction Control System (TCS) is used to avoid excessive wheel-slip via adjusting active brake pressure and engine torque when vehicle starts fiercely. The split friction and slope of the road are complicated conditions for TCS. Once operated under these conditions, the traction control performance of the vehicle might be deteriorated and the vehicle might lack drive capability or lose lateral stability, if the regulated active brake pressure and engine torque can’t match up promptly and effectively. In order to solve this problem, a novel coordinated algorithm for TCS is brought forward. Firstly, two brake controllers, including a basic controller based on the friction difference between the two drive wheels for compensating this difference and a fuzzy logic controller for assisting the engine torque controller to adjust wheel-slip, are presented for brake control together. And then two engine torque controllers, containing a basic PID controller for wheel-slip control and a fuzzy logic controller for compensating torque needed by the road slope, are built for engine torque control together. Due to the simultaneous and accurate coordination of the two regulated variables the controlled vehicle can start smoothly. The vehicle test and simulation results on various road conditions have testified that the proposed method is effective and robust.     

发动机过渡工况特性仿真的研究

为了更好的反映发动机的实际工作特性,建立数学模型时考虑了油门开度,并对发动机变油门的情况进行了研究;结合扭矩曲面和整车动力学方程,采用微区间逼近法确定了发动机变油门过程仿真方法。     

Powertrain design and experiment research of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle

The powertrain of an ultra-capacitor-based parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) was developed. Innovations, such as the engine management system, floating ISG (Integrated Starter and Generator), electronic-controlled double-clutch system and dual-driven air conditioning system were realized. Hybrid control strategies to improve the fuel economy and reduce emissions were analyzed briefly. In order to ensure the vehicle emission performance, the engine management system calibration was performed. The vehicle emission test was also conducted, showing that the vehicle emission satisfied the EURO III standard and has great potential for improvement. The hybrid start test was introduced in detail. We realized the hybrid function and start parameter optimization of the engine and ISG.     

基于SimUlink的整车动力模型构建及拓展

采用Simulink软件建立了整车动力系统模型,通过计算可以获得给定道路环境和车速条件下的发动机动力性能需求,并与AMESim模型的计算结果进行了对比分析。结果表明：Simulink模型具有较高的仿真精度,~AMESim的建模方式更加自由,并便于细化拓展,为发动机细化研究提供了一个很好的平台。     

Modeling and Analysis of Automotive Antilock Brake Systems Subject to Vehicle Payload Shifting

The steerability and stability of vehicles must be maintained during emergency stopping and evasive driving maneuvers on degraded road surfaces. The introduction of antilock brake and traction control systems (ABS/TCS) has expanded the envelope of safe vehicle operation for the majority of drivers. These mechatronic systems combine an electronic controller with wheel speed sensors, an electro-mechanical hydraulic brake actuator, and in some instances, engine intervention through the engine control unit, to regulate wheel slip. The development of ABS systems has traditionally depended on extensive in-vehicle testing, at cold weather proving grounds, which contribute to lengthy product development cycles. However, recent attention has been focused on the use of simulation and hardware-in-the-loop strategies to emulate test conditions in a controlled setting to shorten product design time and methodically address critical safety issues. In this paper, the effect of transient load shifting due to cargo movement on ABS performance in light-duty vehicles will be investigated. Analytical and empirical mathematical models are presented to describe the chassis, tire/road interface, wheel, brake modulator, and cargo dynamics. Two strategies, a model-free table lookup and model-based discrete nonlinear controller, are presented to regulate the ABS modulator's operation. These vehicle and controller dynamics have been integrated into a simulation tool to investigate the effect of transient weight transfers on the vehicle's overall stopping distance and time. Representative numerical results are presented and discussed to quantify the ABS systems' performance for various loading and operating conditions.     

Emission-robust operation of diesel HEV considering transient emissions

In this paper, we consider a method to create an engine emission simulation model for cycle and customer driving of a vehicle. The emission model results from an empiric approach, also taking into account the effects of engine dynamics on emissions. We analysed transient engine emissions in driving cycles and during representative customer driving profiles and created emission meta models. The analysis showed a significantly higher correlation in emissions when simulating realistic customer driving profiles using the created verified meta models (< 1 % model error) compared to static approaches, which are commonly used for vehicle simulation. Therefore, a transient modelling approach is conducted, which shows a great increase in accuracy in customer driving operation.     

基于模型的电控柴油机标定技术

柴油机电控系统的性能主要依赖于控制参数的标定质量,基于模型的标定是一种有效的标定方式。首先介绍基于模型标定方法的基本原理,然后详细说明了该标定技术的主要内容以及每一个技术内容的发展。最后,简述了国内柴油机标定技术的发展情况。     

PID plus fuzzy logic method for torque control in traction control system

A Traction Control System (TCS) is used to control the driving force of an engine to prevent excessive slip when a vehicle starts suddenly or accelerates. The torque control strategy determines the driving performance of the vehicle under various drive-slip conditions. This paper presents a new torque control method for various drive-slip conditions involving abrupt changes in the road friction. This method is based on a PID plus fuzzy logic controller for driving torque regulation, which consists of a PID controller and a fuzzy logic controller. The PID controller is the fundamental component that calculates the elementary torque for traction control. In addition, the fuzzy logic controller is the compensating component that compensates for the abrupt change in the road friction. The simulation results and the experimental vehicle tests have validated that the proposed controller is effective and robust. Compared with conventional PID controllers, the driving performance under the proposed controller is greatly improved.     

Heavy-duty vehicle modelling and longitudinal control

This paper addresses modelling, longitudinal control design and implementation for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). The challenging problems here are: (a) an HDV is mass dominant with low power to mass ratio; (b) They possess large actuator delay and actuator saturation. To reduce model mismatch, it is necessary to obtain a nonlinear model which is as simple as the control design method can handle and as complicated as necessary to capture the intrinsic vehicle dynamics. A second order nonlinear vehicle body dynamical model is adopted, which is feedback linearizable. Beside the vehicle dynamics, other main dynamical components along the power-train and drive-train are also modelled, which include turbocharged diesel engine, torque converter, transmission, transmission retarder, pneumatic brake and tyre. The braking system is the most challenging part for control design, which contains three parts: Jake (engine compression) brake, air brake and transmission retarder. The modelling for each is provided. The use of engine braking effect is new complementary to Jake (compression) brake for longitudinal control, which is united with Jake brake in modelling. The control structure can be divided into upper level and lower level. Upper level control uses sliding mode control to generate the desired torque from the desired vehicle acceleration. Lower level control is divided into two branches: (a) engine control: from positive desired torque to desired fuel rate (engine control) using a static engine mapping which basically captures the intrinsic dynamic performance of the turbo-charged diesel engine; (b) brake control: from desired negative torque to generate Jake brake cylinder number to be activated and ON/OFF time periods, applied pneumatic brake pressure and applied voltage of transmission retarder. Test results are also reported.     

A control strategy for parallel hybrid electric vehicles based on extremum seeking

An energy management control strategy for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle based on the extremum-seeking method for splitting torque between the internal combustion engine and electric motor is proposed in this paper. The control strategy has two levels of operation: the upper and lower levels. The upper level decision-making controller chooses the vehicle operation mode such as the simultaneous use of the internal combustion engine and electric motor, use of only the electric motor, use of only the internal combustion engine, or regenerative braking. In the simultaneous use of the internal combustion engine and electric motor, the optimum energy distribution between these two sources of energy is determined via the extremum-seeking algorithm that searches for maximum drivetrain efficiency. A dynamic programming solution is also obtained and used to form a benchmark for performance evaluation of the proposed method based on extremum seeking. Detailed simulations using a realistic model are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the methodology.     

Design of an energy management strategy for parallel hybrid electric vehicles using a logic threshold and instantaneous optimization method

A novel parallel hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) configuration consisting of an extra one-way clutch and an automatic mechanical transmission (AMT) is taken as the study subject of this paper. An energy management strategy (EMS) combining a logic threshold approach and an instantaneous optimization algorithm is developed for the investigated PHEV. The objective of this EMS is to achieve acceptable vehicle performance and drivability requirements while simultaneously maximizing engine fuel economy and maintaining the battery state of charge (SOC) in its rational operation range at all times. Under the MATLAB/Simulink environment, a computer simulation model of the studied PHEV is established using the bench test results. Simulation results for the behavior of the engine, motor, and battery illustrate the potential of the proposed control strategy in terms of fuel economy and in keeping the deviations of SOC at a low level.     

轿车发动机冷却风扇CFD仿真分析及降噪研究

介绍汽车冷却风扇气动性能的CFD仿真方法,对风扇性能随风扇叶片参数的变化规律进行深入探讨.在此基础上,利用仿真方法对长安V805基准车发动机散热器风扇和冷凝器风扇进行优化设计.试验验证结果表明,优化设计在保证冷却性能的前提下,达到了降低风扇气动噪声的效果.