Analysis of automotive disc brake squeal considering damping and design modifications for pads and a disc

The squeal noise occurring from the disc brakes of passenger cars has been analyzed by using the complex eigenvalue method numerically. The contact between a disc and two pads was analytically modeled as many linear springs and dampers in an effort to develop the improved equation of motion derived on the basis of Lagrange’s equation and the assumed mode method. The finite element modal analysis results for disc brake components constitute an eigenvalue matrix in the analytical equation of motion. The complex eigenvalue analyses based on the equations of motion are able to examine the dynamic instability of a brake system, which is an onset of squeal, by considering the disc rotational effect. Numerical analyses showed that the modes unstable in an undamped analysis became stable in a damped case, which illustrates the important effect of damping on the squeal instability in a brake squeal simulation. Then several modified brake models were suggested and investigated how effectively they suppressed the occurrence of squeal noise. The brake parts such as a pad chamfer and a disc vane were modified and the influence of pad chamfer and vane shapes on squeal occurrence was proved to be significant. The numerical results showed that proper structural modification of a disc brake system can suppress the brake squeal to some extent.     

Brake pad taper wear on brake moan noise

Automotive brake systems today have many factors that can contribute to brake noise. Modern approaches to reduce the propensity of brake noise mostly target high frequency brake squeal. A more difficult constituent of brake noise to address is low frequency moan, which is typically caused when the brake system excites a suspension member with a constrained natural frequency in the range of excitation. Although most modern CAE techniques utilized to diagnose and solve brake noise issues focus on new brake pad condition, this paper will show the benefit of understanding a common wear mechanism “Taper Wear,?and attempt to correlate its effects on brake moan. In order to study this phenomenon, a finite element model of a disc brake is established, and a complex eigenvalue analysis (CEA) of the brake system is performed. The propensity of brake moan noise is evaluated on basis of damping ratio of a dynamic brake system model. By using the finite element model, effects of the brake pad taper wear on brake moan noise is studied. The results show that the brake pad taper wear is a significant factor for generating the instability causing the brake moan noise. The study is performed at various levels of brake pad taper wear. When the brake pad taper wear is more than 0.5 mm, the value of negative damping ratio rapidly increases, and the propensity of brake moan noise is greatly magnified. In this study, the simulation result correlated well with the test result, which provides the theory and guidance for brake moan noise control.     

盘式制动器制动尖叫的研究

制动尖叫是由摩擦耦合诱发和顺各部件的模态参数匹配不当引起的系统不稳定现象，针对一个有尖叫倾向的实际样车，通过有限元方法提取制动器各部件的模态参数，以制动器的每个部件作为一个子结构，应用自由界面法进行模态综合，得到了与实际尖叫情形相符的耦合模型；应用耦合模型，通过分析子结构模态与耦合系统不稳定模态的关系，这量地得到了各子结构模态对制尖叫的影响大小，从而得到了决定尖叫产生与不否的关键因素－支架的第１１     

利用子结构动态特性优化设计抑制制动器尖叫

针对制动器噪声分析研究所提出的对子结构修改以抑制噪声发生的目标 ,探讨了优化设计的修改方法。在对有制动尖叫倾向的制动器进行建模分析并确定其关键子结构动态特性修改方向的基础上 ,在部件子结构中引入设计参数 ,用最优化的方法按照设定的目标函数对结构动态特性进行修改。最后通过模型验证 ,表明部件子结构动态特性修改后制动器系统在原来尖叫频率的不稳定模态不再出现     

鼓式制动器结构振动噪声研究

本文阐述了制动器制动噪声发生的一般机理,给出了鼓式制动器低频(发啃)和高频(尖叫)振动噪声的实际结构闭环耦合模型,较为完善地考虑了各种结构系数的影响。模型的仿真分析结果和试验结果取得良好一致。提高了对制动噪声的定量分析,证明了通过改变结构的特性参数匹配可有效地抑制制动噪声的发生。     

车轮制动圈机加工表面粗糙度的改进

制功圈采用HT250铸铁,要求机加工后除了控制加工尺寸和形位外,加工表面粗糙度也要满足要求。车轮制动圈加工后表面粗糙度不但对使用寿命有较大影响,对制动性能及制动噪声也有影响。因此,摩托车企业对用HT250铸铁加工的制动圈表面粗糙度都有技术要求。     

用模态综合模型对制动器噪声进行模拟分析与抑制

综述了对于制动器噪声问题能进行较为有效控制且得到应用的研究技术成果,利用在研究制动器噪声问题发生机理的基础上发展的系统模态综合模型分析方法,对一个存在低频噪声的制动器进行了分析.找出了影响噪声发生的关键构件是制动器支架,对其进行了改进设计,通过按照SAE J2521标准进行的台架试验,证明其有效性,并将原制动器按SAE...     

盘式制动器制动尖叫的有限元分析与试验

建立了产生制动尖叫的钳盘式制动器各主要零件的有限元模型,并通过集成构建了制动器总成的接触摩擦耦合有限元模型,计算了制动器振动系统的复特征值分布和模态,分析了可能产生制动尖叫的不稳定模态,并与制动噪声台架试验统计结果进行了对比,结果表明所建模型能够较好地预测出制动器发生制动尖叫的倾向;分析了各零件的振动模态对产生制动尖叫不稳定模态的贡献大小,揭示出有尖叫倾向的不稳定模态是由子结构未耦合时的多阶振动模态叠加而成;分析讨论了摩擦因数、摩擦片结构及其背板阻尼对制动尖叫的影响,为控制制动尖叫提供了途径。     

汽车摩擦制动噪声研究进展与发展趋势

总结汽车摩擦制动噪声的产生机理、噪声特点和影响因素,回顾并分析抑制和防治制动噪声的理论与工程研究进展,提出开发新型高阻尼摩擦制动材料来降低或抑制制动噪声的思路和措施。     

结构参数对鼓式制动器高频噪声的影响

本文在建立鼓式制动器高频噪声问题的结构闭环耦合计算模型的基础上，对某国产车的高频噪声问题进行了计算。分析中所用的制动底板，鼓和蹄的结构参数均取自实际结构。计算分析的结果表明：制动器所有部件的结构参数对制动高频噪声均有重要影响，过去仅把产生高频器材怕的原因归结为蹄与鼓间的参数匹配是不正确的。对计算结果的归纳表明：对制动器高频噪声起决定作用的是鼓子结构和包含有底板，蹄，分泵及油路操纵系统在内的ＰＳＰＯ     

抑制制动器振动噪声的阻尼方法的探讨

针对在盘式制动器制动块底板上粘贴一层阻尼层(Insulating Shim)的阻尼处理方法，首先指出制动块底板上阻尼层的减振机制在于粘弹性材料在接触面间表现出的摩擦作用，尤其取决于材料本身的迟滞效应。然后．定量分析了阻尼层对制动器噪声的抑制效果；利用能量等效原理将接触摩擦转换成系统中粘性阻尼后进行特征分析．考察系统稳定性。     

Analysis of disc brake instability due to friction-induced vibration using a distributed parameter model

This paper deals with friction-induced vibration of a disc brake system with a constant friction coefficient. A linear, lumped, and distributed parameter model to represent the floating caliper disc brake system is proposed. The complex eigenvalues are used to investigate the dynamic stability, and, in order to verify simulations which are based on the theoretical model, an experimental modal test and dynamometer test are performed. The comparison of experimental and theoretical results shows good agreement, and the analysis indicates that modal coupling due to friction forces is responsible for disc brake squeal. Also, squeal type instability is investigated, using a parametric analysis. This indicates which parameters have influence on the propensity of brake squealing. This is helpful for validating the analysis model and establishing confidence in the experimental results of the modified system. These results may also be useful during system development or diagnostic analysis.     

某型轿车盘式制动器制动噪声的控制

对某型轿车盘式制动器进行了台架试验,发现该制动器主要制动噪声频率在3kHz附近。采用有限元FEA分析手段对制动盘、制动钳壳体、制动钳支架和摩擦片进行了振动特性分析。结果表明,制动钳支架的7阶振动模态是导致制动噪声产生的原因之一。对制动钳支架结构设计进行了改进,并对装有改进后制动钳支架的盘式制动器进行了台架试验。结果表明,制动器冷态制动噪声从100.5 dB下降为73.4 dB,达到了该车型对制动器噪声的限值要求。     

基于视觉识别的线控制动压力滑模控制

制动安全是车辆主动安全的关键技术之一.制动决策和执行器控制是影响线控制动系统性能的两个主要因素.路面自适应性和控制器鲁棒性分别对制动决策和执行器控制有着重要影响,制约着线控制动系统的发展.本文中以一种液压调控的线控制动系统为基础,针对路面自适应性和控制器鲁棒性问题,提出一种双层结构的制动系统控制器,上层采用计算机视觉的...     

鼓式制动器噪声机理及对策研究

归纳了鼓式制动器噪声研究现有方法，成果及存在问题，通过台架试验分析某型鼓式制动器制动噪声频率特性以及制动噪声不同频率成分的发生概率，并用有限元模态分析及试验模态分析，研究了制动噪声与制动器零件固有频率之间的关系。发现500～1000Hz范围的制动噪声可能与制动鼓、制动蹄及制动底板的相互作用有关，提出了制动底板加质量块及阻尼垫片的降噪方案。     

NVH测试在汽车后桥异响噪声源分析中的应用

汽车后桥异响噪声是汽车常见噪声之一,影响乘客的乘坐舒适性。文章通过测试某汽车的啸叫噪声,将测量数据中的某一阶次噪声与总噪声的频率曲线进行对比,从而寻找后桥异响产生的原因。最终查明该异响噪声源由主减速器齿轮啮合噪声产生。为运用NVH测试方法查找汽车后桥噪声源,优化汽车NVH性能提供了依据。     

Clarification of the mechanism of wiper blade rubber squeal noise generation

As automobiles become quieter, the noise of wiper blade rubber in motion may become a problem for passengers. To resolve this noise, especially the squeal noise, we constructed an equation of motion for the wiper blade vibration by observation and FEM stress analysis. Based on the derived equation, we discovered several important design and material items which can be utilized to reduce squeal noise.     

摩托车制动噪声分析与防治措施

摩托车制动噪声大致可分为1 kHz以下的低频和1 k-11 kHz的高频。低频噪声主要由制动鼓或制动卡钳的共振引起。1 k-6 kHz的高频噪声主要是制动蹄或制动盘的共振所致,7 kHz以上高频噪声主要由摩擦片或卡钳的弹性振动引起。引发摩托车制动噪声的因素主要有摩擦片的综合技术性能、制动器的结构型式、制动器的刚度、维护与保养等4个方面,应全面综合分析,找出主要原因,采取相应防治措施。     

自由曲面数控加工技术的研究进展

数控加工是自由曲面高质量和高效率的加工方法，生成无干涉过切刀具轨迹是自由曲面数控加工技术的关键。随着高速加工技术的发展，高速机床生成的刀具轨迹越来越受到重视，本综述了刀具轨迹生成过程中的关键技术，加工仿真以及在高速加工中自由曲面的数控编程问题，分析了商用系统的现状及不足，最后探讨了自由曲面CAPP的关键技术及其策略。     

Robust control of anti-lock brake system

A robust control algorithm for an anti-lock brake system is proposed. The method used is based on static-state feedback of longitudinal slip and does not involve controller scheduling with changing vehicle speed or road adhesion coefficient estimation. An improvement involving scheduling of longitudinal slip reference with longitudinal acceleration measurement is included. Electromechanical braking actuators are used in simulations, and the algorithm used in this study is shown to have high performance on roads with constant and varying adhesion coefficients, displaying nice robustness properties against large vehicle speed and road adhesion coefficient variations. Guidelines are provided for tuning controller gains to cope with unknown actuator delay and measurement noise.