CVT ratio control with consideration of CVT system loss

A modified CVT ratio map is proposed to obtain the improved fuel economy for a metal belt CVT. Since the CVT system loss, which occupies most of the drivetrain loss, depends on the engine speed, input torque, primary and secondary actuator pressure, a modified CVT ratio map is produced to realize the highest engine-CVT overall efficiency through the consideration of CVT system loss. The modified CVT ratio map is constructed with respect to the demanded vehicle power and present vehicle speed based on the steady state CVT system loss. Using the modified CVT ratio map, performance simulations are carried out using the dynamic models of the CVT powertrain. The simulation results indicate that the modified CVT ratio control provides improved engine-CVT overall system efficiency, and improves the fuel economy of the federal urban driving schedule by 4.9 percent.     

PHEV发动机驱动工况效率耦合分析与优化控制

单轴并联式混合动力系统（Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle,PHEV）包括电池、驱动电机、发动机、自动变速器等多个关键部件。各部件效率特性存在相互耦合的关系,要实现系统整体效率最优,需要辨明影响系统效率的控制参数,并对系统整体效率最优的控制参数进行优化。以装备无级变速器（Continuously Variable Transmission,CVT）的PHEV为研究对象,首先对系统各关键部件的效率特性进行分析,建立各关键部件效率模型,明确各部件效率与控制参数、状态参数之间的关系。在此基础上,对发动机单独驱动模式下动力传递路径中不同部件的效率耦合关系进行分析,推导出系统燃油消耗量与动力系统各状态参数、控制参数之间的函数关系。根据分析结果,选取车辆需求功率及车速为状态参数,变速器速比及发动机转矩为控制参数,以系统燃油消耗量最小为目标建立优化目标函数和约束条件,对系统优化问题进行定义。根据优化问题的特点,设计基于模拟退火的优化算法对优化问题进行求解,获取系统燃油消耗率最小时变速器目标速比和发动机目标转矩随状态参数的变化关系。建立系统仿真模型对所述优化算法进行仿真分析,并搭建混合动力试验台对优化结果进行试验验证。结果表明：无级变速器效率对系统整体效率影响较大,采用优化控制规律使发动机效率有所降低,但无级变速器效率升高更大,系统整体效率升高;在功率需求一定的循环工况下,优化控制算法比传统上仅以发动机效率最高为目标的控制算法节油1%~2%。     

基于遗传算法系统效率优化的PHEV电量保持模式控制策略

为了提高插电式混合动力汽车（PHEV）在电量保持下的燃油经济性,并解决插电式混合动力汽车在运行过程中动力元件效率对系统能量利用率影响的问题,制定了系统效率最优的控制策略。以PHEV关键动力部件的测试数据为基础,建立发动机、驱动电机、无级变速器（CVT）以及动力电池等关键部件的效率数值模型,并考虑了温度及荷电状态（SOC）对动力电池充放电功率的影响。设计以混合动力系统效率最优为适应度评价函数,将CVT速比、发动机转矩作为优化变量,以车速、加速度和SOC为状态变量,在动力性指标的约束下,运用遗传算法进行迭代寻优,PHEV的系统效率在第20代左右收敛于全局最优值。同时发动机转矩和CVT速比通过多代遗传进化,较快收敛于最佳值。将相关优化结果与车速、加速度拟合成相应的三维控制数表,综合数值建模和试验测试数据建模的方法,基于MATLAB/Simulink搭建插电式混合动力汽车整车控制策略仿真模型,采用新欧洲行驶循环工况进行仿真验证。结果表明：插电式混合动力汽车在电量保持模式下,利用遗传算法优化的系统效率最优控制策略相比优化前,动力电池SOC运行更为平稳,CVT效率有所提升,驱动电机及发动机转矩分配更为合理;百公里燃油消耗量从优化前的5.2 L降至4.5 L,燃油经济性提升了13.5%。     

无级变速传动系统综合控制仿真与试验

基于无级变速传动系统动力学仿真模型与自适应模糊控制策略,综合考虑后备功率、动力传动系损失和CVT速比变化响应滞后的影响,提出了τ算法、发动机转矩补偿和发动机转速补偿3种控制方法,并分别对采用这3种控制方法时的动力性与燃油经济性进行仿真分析.结果表明,相对于常规控制,采用这3种综合控制方法后动力性基本保持不变,而经济性则分别提高了约2.9%-3.5%.     

基于系统效率最优的CVT混合动力轿车转矩优化分配方法

无级变速器CVT消除了挡位概念,其速比在一定范围内连续可调。配备CVT的混合动力汽车能够实现动力源转矩和传动系统的优化匹配。针对此问题,提出了基于系统效率最优的CVT中度混合动力轿车动力源转矩优化分配方法:。该方法:综合考虑了各个关键部件的效率,以混合动力系统的总体效率为优化目标,以车速、车辆加速度、电池SOC为状态变量,优化分配了驱动工况下各动力源输出转矩,为整车能量管理策略的制定奠定了基础。     

Engine-CVT-A/F consolidated control using decoupling control theory

If an engine with an electric throttle valve control and CVT is fitted to the powertrain, fuel consumption becomes economical while the throttle valve angle and the gear ratio of CVT are controlled simultaneously. If the engine is operated with a lean air-fuel ratio (A/F), it is also effective for fuel economy. Therefore, combining A/F control with the simultaneous control of the throttle valve angle and the gear ratio becomes a more important method for controlling the powertrain of a car. Though these input-output relations were complicated, an adequate and convenient control method was required for the synthetic powertrain control. From such a point of view, Engine-CVT-A/F consolidated control using decoupling control theory was investigated.     

考虑发动机起停优化的PHEV能量管理策略

针对某新型双电机行星耦合插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)中发动机在起停及怠速运行状态下会导致油耗增加的问题,基于等效燃油消耗最小能量管理策略,加入发动机起停优化控制模块,以进一步改善整车燃油经济性.建立了整车动力学和传动模型并加入发动机起停优化控制模块,对ECMS能量管理策略输出的发动机及电机最优目标转矩进行重新优化分配...     

双状态无级变速车辆起步控制

通过发动机和液力变矩器台架试验，采用拟合的方法得到发动机及变矩器模型，建立了用变矩器作起步装置的双状态无级变速传动系统动力学模型，提出了串联式双状态无级变速车辆起步控制策略和液力变矩器锁止离合器闭锁解锁控制规律，并进行了计算机仿真。     

汽车无级变速器传动性能评价系统研究

根据无级变速器电子控制单元的控制算法,结合试验数据,建立了无级变速器(CVT)性能评价系统中的驾驶员模型、发动机模型、无级变速器模型与整车动力学模型。同时给出了各个模型在Simulink中具体的建模方法。最后,针对具体车型,建立了该车型的CVT传动性能的评价系统。     

EQ6480客车CVT电控系统试验

介绍了EQ6480客车CVT(Continuously Variable Transmission)电子液压控制系统的设计，CVT传动器与发动机的动态匹配与控制算法。针对汽车运行的典型工况，在专用的传动器试验台上进行了台架试验。     

机电控制CVT电控电动执行机构参数设计方法（双语出版）

为了使机电控制无级变速器（CVT）能够可靠地传递转矩，快速地调节速比，结合某车型的结构性能参数，对机电控制CVT电控电动执行机构的设计方法进行研究。首先，对机电控制CVT电控电动执行机构的结构和工作原理进行分析，说明电控电动执行机构对CVT速比和从动带轮夹紧力的调节方法，从运动学和动力学的角度研究从金属带式无级变速器的传动机理，获得速比与主动带轮可动盘位移的关系以及保证主、从动带轮可靠传递转矩所需要的夹紧力；然后，根据整车的结构性能参数，明确汽车对机电控制CVT的功能需求和性能要求，以电控电动执行机构中直流电动机的负载转矩最小为目标，设计确定各碟形弹簧的参数和组合形式，在此基础上确定电控电动执行机构中电动机械传动系统的结构性能参数；最后，为验证所设计电控电动执行机构参数的正确性，利用所建立的机电控制CVT传动系统模型在ECE工况下对电控电动执行机构的性能进行仿真分析。结果表明：相对传统CVT液压执行机构，在ECE工况下机电控制CVT电控电动执行机构消耗的能量减少52.2%，同时设计的电控电动执行机构在ECE工况下能够实现实际夹紧力和速比对目标值的良好跟随。     

Development of a high torque capacity belt-drive CVT with a torque converter

A new belt-drive continuously variable transmission (CVT) has been developed and installed in a 2-liter class vehicle for the first time in the world. This paper describes the technical features of this high torque capacity transmission, the need for a torque converter, the importance of electronic control and the driving modes achieved. This new CVT provides better driving performance and fuel economy than current CVTs and 4-speed automatic transmissions.     

Heavy-duty vehicle modelling and longitudinal control

This paper addresses modelling, longitudinal control design and implementation for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). The challenging problems here are: (a) an HDV is mass dominant with low power to mass ratio; (b) They possess large actuator delay and actuator saturation. To reduce model mismatch, it is necessary to obtain a nonlinear model which is as simple as the control design method can handle and as complicated as necessary to capture the intrinsic vehicle dynamics. A second order nonlinear vehicle body dynamical model is adopted, which is feedback linearizable. Beside the vehicle dynamics, other main dynamical components along the power-train and drive-train are also modelled, which include turbocharged diesel engine, torque converter, transmission, transmission retarder, pneumatic brake and tyre. The braking system is the most challenging part for control design, which contains three parts: Jake (engine compression) brake, air brake and transmission retarder. The modelling for each is provided. The use of engine braking effect is new complementary to Jake (compression) brake for longitudinal control, which is united with Jake brake in modelling. The control structure can be divided into upper level and lower level. Upper level control uses sliding mode control to generate the desired torque from the desired vehicle acceleration. Lower level control is divided into two branches: (a) engine control: from positive desired torque to desired fuel rate (engine control) using a static engine mapping which basically captures the intrinsic dynamic performance of the turbo-charged diesel engine; (b) brake control: from desired negative torque to generate Jake brake cylinder number to be activated and ON/OFF time periods, applied pneumatic brake pressure and applied voltage of transmission retarder. Test results are also reported.     

CVT轿车发动机建模及PID速比控制器设计

针对装备金属带式无级变速器轿车的发动机建立了其转矩模型和目标转速调节特性曲线。对无级变速器速比的取值范围进行了计算,并按照质量集中法简化了传动系的模型。设计了简单实用的PID速比控制器,并在simulink环境下对CVT整车模型起步、急加速和上坡工况进行了仿真分析。结果表明,实际速比对目标速比有很好的跟随效果。     

Heavy-duty vehicle modelling and longitudinal control

This paper addresses modelling, longitudinal control design and implementation for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). The challenging problems here are: (a) an HDV is mass dominant with low power to mass ratio; (b) They possess large actuator delay and actuator saturation. To reduce model mismatch, it is necessary to obtain a nonlinear model which is as simple as the control design method can handle and as complicated as necessary to capture the intrinsic vehicle dynamics. A second order nonlinear vehicle body dynamical model is adopted, which is feedback linearizable. Beside the vehicle dynamics, other main dynamical components along the power-train and drive-train are also modelled, which include turbocharged diesel engine, torque converter, transmission, transmission retarder, pneumatic brake and tyre. The braking system is the most challenging part for control design, which contains three parts: Jake (engine compression) brake, air brake and transmission retarder. The modelling for each is provided. The use of engine braking effect is new complementary to Jake (compression) brake for longitudinal control, which is united with Jake brake in modelling. The control structure can be divided into upper level and lower level. Upper level control uses sliding mode control to generate the desired torque from the desired vehicle acceleration. Lower level control is divided into two branches: (a) engine control: from positive desired torque to desired fuel rate (engine control) using a static engine mapping which basically captures the intrinsic dynamic performance of the turbo-charged diesel engine; (b) brake control: from desired negative torque to generate Jake brake cylinder number to be activated and ON/OFF time periods, applied pneumatic brake pressure and applied voltage of transmission retarder. Test results are also reported.     

金属带式CVT速比控制的仿真与试验研究

针对装备金属带式无级变速器(CVT)的整车,建立了无级变速传动系统数学模型.以无级变速汽车动力性和经济性相协调为目标,设计了Fuzzy-PI复合速比控制器.采用Fuzzy-PD控制策略和Fuzzy-PI复合控制策略对汽车起动工况进行了仿真分析,对装备金属带式CVT的某轿车进行了起动工况的模拟试验.结果表明,Fuzzy-PI复合控制策略优于Fuzzy-PD控制策略,速比的试验结果与理论数据一致,说明所建模型合理.     

CVT混合动力汽车再生制动控制策略与仿真分析

分析了混合动力汽车制动过程中发动机反拖制动和CVT速比控制对车辆再生制动性能的影响,提出了低制动强度下仅由电机再生制动、高制动强度下电机与制动器共同制动和紧急制动时发动机参与制动的再生制动策略。对典型工况进行了再生制动仿真,仿真结果表明,CVT速比控制可使电机运行在高效区,从而获得了比传统手动变速混合动力汽车更好的制动能量回收效果。     

基于CVT的混联式电动汽车动力切换平稳性研究

针对四轮驱动越野车提出了一种基于金属带式无级自动变速器(CVT)的混联式结构,其动力切换平稳性是这种混联式电动汽车必须解决的关键技术之一。通过发动机、电机、离合器和CVT的协调控制可以使系统在驾驶员发出加速命令时快速响应以及在模式切换时平稳,这将保证驾驶员在车辆切换过程中没有异常感觉。     

Engine-CVT consolidated control using LQI control theory

For the drivetrain control, it has become important for fuel economy or AHS to control the throttle valve of the engine and the gear ratio of CVT simultaneously by DBW when the automobile is equipped with CVT. In this paper, LQI control theory was applied to control the drivertrain as a 2-I/O system to satisfy the demanded speed and better fuel economy. Moreover, modification of the weight parameter of LQI was investigated to obtain the desired performance for fuel economy or vehicle acceleration. Relatively good results were obtained.     

Optimisation of full-toroidal continuously variable transmission in conjunction with fixed ratio mechanism using particle swarm optimisation

The aim of this research is the optimisation of full-toroidal continuously variable transmission (CVT) in conjunction with the fixed ratio (FR) mechanism, while the optimisation objective is to minimise fuel consumption (FC) of the vehicle in the new European driving cycle. After the dynamic analysis of the power train, a computer model is developed to simulate contact between CVT elements and consequently calculate its efficiency. Then an algorithm is presented to calculate FC of the vehicle in the driving cycle. Then, an optimisation using particle swarm optimisation on the CVT geometry and FR mechanism (which is embedded between CVT and final drive) is carried out to minimise FC. It is found that by utilisation of the optimised CVT; FC will be about 11% and 8% lower, compared with the application of a five-speed manual transmission and conventional CVT, respectively. Finally, effects of the roller tilt angle and oil temperature on the FC are investigated.