潜艇上方近场水下辐射噪声双峰特性的实验研究(英文)

The double-peak characteristic of underwater radiated noise in the near field on top of the target submarine was analyzed in depth on the basis of submarine test data on the sea. The contribution of three major noise sources to the radiated noise of a submarine were compared and analyzed, and emphasis was put on the original source, production mechanism, and their correlative characteristics. On the basis of analysis on underwater tracking and pass through characteristics of the target submarine, the double-peak phenomenon was reasonably interpreted. Furthermore, the correctness of the theoretical interpretation was verified adequately in real submarine tests. The double-peak phenomenon indicates that the space distributing character on submarine radiated noise are both asymmetrical with time and space, whereas that is provided with directivity. Studying the double-peak phenomenon in depth has important reference value and meaning in engineering practice for understanding the underwater radiated noise field of submarines.     

Fluid-structure coupled analysis of underwater cylindrical shells

Underwater cylindrical shell structures have been found a wide of application in many engineering fields, such as the element of marine, oil platforms, etc. The coupled vibration analysis is a hot issue for these underwater structures. The vibration characteristics of underwater structures are influenced not only by hydrodynamic pressure but also by hydrostatic pressure corresponding to different water depths. In this study, an acoustic finite element method was used to evaluate the underwater structures. Taken the hydrostatic pressure into account in terms of initial stress stiffness, an acoustical fluid-structure coupled analysis of underwater cylindrical shells has been made to study the effect of hydrodynamic pressures on natural frequency and sound radiation. By comparing with the frequencies obtained by the acoustic finite element method and by the added mass method based on the Bessel function, the validity of present analysis was checked. Finally, test samples of the sound radiation of stiffened cylindrical shells were acquired by a harmonic acoustic analysis. The results showed that hydrostatic pressure plays an important role in determining a large submerged body motion, and the characteristics of sound radiation change with water depth. Furthermore, the analysis methods and the results are of significant reference value for studies of other complicated submarine structures.     

Numerical simulation of the anti-shock performance of a gear case

Both sea battles and testing of ship in underwater explosions reveal unacceptably poor anti-shock performance of important shipboard equipment. Anti-shock performance of shipboard equipment is a significant factor determining fighting strength and survivability. The anti-shock performance of a shipboard gear case based on BV043/85 was investigated using numerical simulation. A geometric model of the gear case was built using MDT software and meshed in HyperMesh software, and then the finite element model of the gear case was formed. Using ABAQUS software, the anti-shock performance of the gear case was simulated. First, shock response of typical regions of gear case was determined. Next, some generalizations were made about the anti-shock performance of the gear case by analyzing the Mises stress of typical regions varied with shock inputs. Third, weak regions were determined from simulation results. The threshold values of shock resistance of the gear case at different impulse widths were obtained through interpolating the numerical simulation results selected from the most dangerous spot. This research provides a basis for further optimization of the design of gear cases.     

The design of underwater hull-cleaning robot

The research on underwater ship-hull cleaning robot was conducted on the purpose of realizing the automation of cleaning underwater ship hull so that service life of ship will be prolonged and ship speed will raised. Moreover, fuel consumption and the work intensity of divers will be reduced. In this paper, the current situation and the latest technology in China and abroad were analyzed; meanwhile, the typical characteristics of the underwater cleaning robot were introduced. According to the work principle of the underwater cleaning robot, the emphasis was put on the analysis and study of permanent-magnetic absorption, magnetic wheel, airproof and anticorrosion, underwater cleaning equipment and control system. The robot is easy in rotation and simple in control.     

阻振质量对结构振动与声辐射的影响分析(英文)

Based on wave theory, blocking mass impeding propagation of flexural waves was analyzed with force excitation applied on a ship pedestal. The analysis model of a complex structure was developed by combining statistical energy analysis and the finite element method. Based on the hybrid FE-SEA method, the vibro-acoustic response of a complex structure was solved. Then, the sound radiation of a cylindrical shell model influenced by blocking mass was calculated in mid/high frequency. The result shows that blocking mass has an obvious effect on impeding propagation. The study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for application of the blocking mass to structure-borne sound propagation control.     

Research on the coefficient of sound absorption in turbid water

China’s coastal waters are turbid and the properties of the seabed are complex. This negatively impacts the performance of underwater detection equipment. The properties of sound absorption in turbid water are not well understood. In this paper, the coefficient of sound absorption in turbid water was measured by the reverberation technique. All work was done in a reverberation barrel made of seamless aluminum. First, pure water was poured into the reverberation barrel and its reverberation time measured. Next, various concentrations of turbid water were poured into the barrel and their reverberation time measured. After all data had been gathered, the coefficient of sound absorption in turbid water of different concentrations was calculated. From this we determined a law of sound absorption in turbid water as summarized in the paper.     

弹性圆柱壳结构的有源结构声辐射控制研究

A numerical and experimental study was presented on active control of structurally radiated sound from an elastic cylindrical shell.An analytical model was developed for the active structural acoustic control (ASAC) of the cylindrical shell.Both global and local control strategies were considered.The optimal control forces corresponding to each control strategy were obtained by using the linear quadratic optimal control theory.Numerical simulations were performed to examine and analyze the control performance under different control strategies.The results show that global sound attenuation of the cylindrical shell at resonance frequencies can be achieved by using point force as the control input of the ASAC system.Better control performance can be obtained under the control strategy of minimization of the radiated sound power.However,control spillover may occur at off-resonance frequencies with the control strategy of structural kinetic energy minimization in terms of the radiated sound power.Considerable levels of global sound attenuation can also be achieved in the on-resonance cases with the local control strategy,i.e.,minimization of the mean-square velocity of finite discrete locations.An ASAC experiment using an FXLMS algorithm was implemented,agreement was observed between the numerical and experimental results,and successful attenuation of structural vibration and radiated sound was achieved.     

Research on the strategy of underwater united detection fusion and communication using multi-sensor

In order to solve the distributed detection fusion problem of underwater target detection, when the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the acoustic channel is low, a new strategy for united detection fusion and communication using multiple sensors was proposed. The performance of detection fusion was studied and compared based on the Neyman-Pearson principle when the binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and on-off keying (OOK) modes were used by the local sensors. The comparative simulation and analysis between the optimal likelihood ratio test and the proposed strategy was completed, and both the theoretical analysis and simulation indicate that using the proposed new strategy could improve the detection performance effectively. In theory, the proposed strategy of united detection fusion and communication is of great significance to the establishment of an underwater target detection system.     

Optical fiber based slide tactile sensor for underwater robots

In the underwater environment, many visual sensors don’t work, and many sensors which work well for robots working in space or on land can not be used underwater. Therefore, an optical fiber slide tactile sensor was designed based on the inner modulation mechanism of optical fibers. The principles and structure of the sensor are explained in detail. Its static and dynamic characteristics were analyzed theoretically and then simulated. A dynamic characteristic model was built and the simulation made using the GA based neural network. In order to improve sensor response, the recognition model of the sensor was designed based on the ‘inverse solution’ principle of neural networks, increasing the control precision and the sensitivity of the manipulator.     

Experimental and numerical procedures of a sonar platform with a sound absorption wedge

Experiments involving a sonar platform with a sound absorption wedge were carried out for the purpose of obtaining the low frequency acoustic characteristics. Acoustic characteristics of a sonar platform model with a sound absorption wedge were measured, and the effects of different wedge laid areas on platform acoustic characteristic were tested. Vibration acceleration and self-noise caused by model vibration were measured in four conditions: 0%, 36%, 60%, and 100% of wedge laid area when the sonar platform was under a single frequency excitation force. An experiment was performed to validate a corresponding numerical calculation. The numerical vibration characteristics of platform area were calculated by the finite element method, and self-noise caused by the vibration in it was predicted by an experiential formula. The conclusions prove that the numerical calculation method can partially replace the experimental process for obtaining vibration and sound characteristics.     

开孔泡沫铝水下吸声性能实验

对水饱和与空气饱和开孔泡沫铝进行水下吸声性能实验研究,比较了厚度和3种不同背衬(空气背衬、水背衬和钢背衬)对其吸声性能的影响。实验发现,在500～4 000 Hz范围内,空气饱和开孔泡沫铝水下吸声性能相对较好,水饱和开孔泡沫铝的水下吸声性能很弱。厚度和背衬对空气饱和开孔泡沫铝的吸声性能影响明显,对水饱和开孔泡沫铝的吸声性能影响很小。水饱和开孔泡沫铝不宜用作水下低频吸声材料,而将空气饱和开孔泡沫铝用作水下吸声材料时,应采取有效的防护措施,避免水渗入内部。否则,开孔泡沫铝吸声性能将严重降低。     

高分子水声吸声材料的研究进展

新型水声吸声材料的研究正向着耐压、宽频及高效吸收的方向发展。高分子材料具有高阻尼损耗特性,对入射声波能有效地吸收,且易于进行分子结构设计和成型加工,是符合要求的首选材料。本文结合近年来高分子材料的微观结构与水声吸声性能的研究,从吸声机理和材料设计的角度,讨论高分子水声吸声材料的研究与应用现状,并展望其研究前景。     

金属导爆索网栅结构水下爆炸声学特性研究

为了获得连续水下爆炸声源,文章设计了金属导爆索网栅结构,并开展了水下爆炸压力测试和气泡脉动实验,研究了金属导爆索网栅结构水下爆炸的声压级特性,水下爆炸的声持续时间,对应的混响效应,利用Hilbert-Huang变换对水下爆炸信号的频谱特性进行了分析.研究结果表明:金属导爆索网栅结构水下爆炸可根据设计连续产生多个脉冲冲击波信号,形成近似平稳的连续波,随后产生的气泡脉动和混响效应能够明显提高水下爆炸声的持续时间;金属导爆索网栅结构具有很强的声功率,水下爆炸声压级最高能够达到249 dB,爆炸60 ms后金属导爆索的爆炸声压级仍在200 dB以上;金属导爆索网栅结构水下爆炸声频率范围广,在100 kHz以下低频段能量最高.金属导爆索网栅结构水下爆炸脉冲信号频率成分丰富,具有低频和瞬时的特点,且大部分集中在100 kHz以下,尤以50 kHz以下的最为明显;脉冲信号具有多个能量峰值,能量值较集中,波动能量基本上都集中在频率为100 kHz范围以内,尤以50 kHz以下的低频能量最大,高于100 kHz以上频段的能量的分量很小.脉冲冲击波的个数和声持续时间可由金属导爆索网栅的排列方式和长度控制,脉冲冲击波间的时间间隔可调,发生装置稳定易控.     

深海水声探测特性研究

为改善水声探测系统的信号检测性能,研究了在深海环境下水声探测的特性.在对浅海和深海声传播特性进行比较的基础上,分析了深海声传播的优越性.通过对不同海洋深度声源的声传播特性仿真分析,证明了深海环境有利于实现远距离声传播.在一定信号接收带宽的情况下,计算了位于深海区域的水声探测系统对安静型潜艇的最大被动水声探测距离,进一步证明了深海环境有利于实现远程水声探测.研究结果为在深海环境下探测安静型潜艇提供了理论依据.     

The similitude research on underwater complex shell-structure based on SEA

In this paper, the vibration and sound radiation of the underwater complex shell-structure which is the cylindrical shell with hemi-spherical shell on the ends are studied by statistical energy analysis (SEA). The whole shell-structure is divided into the four subsystems, and the SEA physical model and power flow balance equations among these subsystems are established. The similitude relations of input power, coupling loss factor and modal density of the subsystems between the complex shell-structure and its scaled-down model are analyzed. According to the similitude theory and power flow balance equations, when the immerged shell-structures are excited, the similar relations of spatially averaged vibration response and underwater radiating sound power are established for the complex shell-structure and its scaled-down model.     

基于ABAQUS声固耦合法的水下结构声辐射研究

文章旨在探讨ABAQUS声崮耦合算法在模拟水下结构声辐射问题的可行性.基于ABAQUS声固耦合算法对双层圆柱壳的水下噪声辐射特性进行了计算和分析,并把部分计算数据和实验数据进行对比分析.结果表明:ABAQUS在水下结构声辐射特性数值分析问题上可以取得较好的效果,计算值与实验数据基本吻合,满足工程要求,为水下结构声辐射性能研究提供了一种新的分析方法.     

结构型式对双层壳声辐射特性影响研究

基于有限元及边界元法，运用有限元计算软件ANSYS和声学软件SYSNOISE，通过对圆柱壳体结构形式（耐压壳板的厚度、肋骨的布置）的改变，分析了结构形式对水下结构辐射噪声的影响，找到了结构型式改变对其结构辐射噪声的影响规律。同时研究了圆柱壳不圆度对结构振动和声辐射的影响，结果表明圆柱壳不圆度的存在，一定程度上加强了水下结构的振动，且壳体截面的不圆度越大，结构的辐射声功率越大。这对降低水下航行体的噪声具有重要研究价值。     

颗粒浓度对声屏蔽装置吸声性能的影响

吸声一直是声学界研究的热点问题,声屏蔽装置是一种有效的水下噪声吸收装置。针对声屏蔽装置的声散射特性进行了分析,采用吸声颗粒悬浮层作为研究对象,对吸声悬浮层的衰减系数进行探讨,重点讨论了不同浓度的悬浮层对不同频率声波的吸声系数的影响。针对稀浓悬浮层,采用考虑颗粒之间影响和不考虑颗粒之间影响2种方式进行了理论分析与计算,分...     

基于单一线列阵的水下测速技术研究

利用水下声音可有效传播特征,提出了利用单一线列阵测试水下运动目标速度的方法．利用不同时刻运动目标和线列阵之间的几何关系,建立了速度测试的数学模型．本文介绍了最大拟然算法和信号相位匹配原理算法,用于高精度求解运动目标的方位角（DOA）．对速度测试误差影响的关键因素进行了分析,提出了测试系统组成：在运动目标相隔一定距离部位上安装两发射不同频率的换能器,在距运动目标不远处布上装有电子罗盘和深度传感器的线列阵,同时配备有信号采集记录仪．推导了系统特别是线列阵的参数要求．考虑工程上实际误差并进行仿真计算,仿真计算表明,一个孔径小于1m的16元阵均匀线列阵的速度测试误差小于4％．消声水池和水库试验进一步验证了模型和仿真计算的正确性．