行人保护头型冲击器有限元建模方法研究

通过对行人保护法规试验有限元仿真所用的头型冲击器建模方法进行研究,提出一种快速准确建立头型冲击器有限元模型的方法.该方法通过确定不同头型冲击器的关键影响设计参数,推导头型冲击器法规所要求的质量、质心坐标和转动惯量方程,从而确定头型冲击器的几何参数;根据法规对头型冲击器跌落、侧向冲击及频率的要求,确定了头型冲击器有限元模型材料参数.有限元模型验证结果显示,所提出的头型冲击器有限元建模方法有效.     

基于行人保护儿童头型有限元模型的开发

根据GB_T24550-2009《汽车对行人的碰撞保护》中对儿童头型冲击器的要求,快速准确地开发相应的Ls_dyna碰撞有限元模型.通过确定关键几何设计参数,满足法规中质量、质心以及转动惯量的要求.通过面响应优化法,确定关键材料参数,满足法规中儿童头型跌落加速度和频率的要求.最后通过对该有限元模型进行仿真验证,该模型满足法规要求,可用于儿童行人保护的后续研发工作.     

基于Euro NCAP典型工况的儿童行人下肢损伤评估方法研究

本文中采用Euro NCAP行人模型认证（TB024）中给出的FCR、MPV、RDS、SUV 4种典型汽车前端结构有限元模型，以及具有详细解剖学结构特征的6岁儿童行人有限元模型来模拟汽车-行人碰撞事故，分析典型工况下汽车前端结构参数对儿童行人下肢损伤的影响。结果表明，RDS车型由于机盖前沿离地间距较小，儿童行人撞击侧股骨大转子位置出现骨折现象；MPV和SUV车型由于扰流板离地间隙较大，对下肢胫骨、腓骨和膝关节韧带的损伤更为严重。最后，基于仿真结果提出了6岁儿童下肢长骨损伤的截面弯矩评价参数，为儿童腿型冲击器研发和数字测评提供参考。     

行人保护气囊设计与验证

在近几年我国实际交通事故中,超过70%的事故涉及弱势道路使用者,汽车对他们的保护需求日益凸显。本文中基于一款A级轿车,对能保护弱势道路使用者头部、并与弹起式发动机罩相配合的保护气囊(简称行人气囊)进行了设计和验证。首先,设计行人气囊的包型和布置,基于弹起式发动机罩仿真行人气囊头型冲击、联动展开等工况;其次,利用试验和理论推导对仿真结果进行验证,修正行人气囊和弹起式发动机罩的关键参数;最后,基于C-NCAP头型冲击试验,探究该行人气囊的保护效果。试验结果表明,基于该车开发的行人气囊对头部的保护效果良好,伤害降低60%以上,得分率高达93.1%。     

雨刮行人保护结构及其设计要点分析

雨刮位于汽车行人保护的头型保护区域,在设计过程中需要考虑压溃吸能结构,为满足汽车对行人的碰撞保护要求,本文介绍了汽车雨刮的压溃结构及其设计要点,并对其试验方法进行简要说明,为其他车型的优化或设计提供参考.     

行人保护小腿冲击器有限元模型开发

针对TRL公司开发的行人保护小腿冲击器,建立了有限元模型.通过EEVC WG17规定的静态、动态标定试验及台架试验,进一步证实了该模型在高速碰撞下的精度,可用于行人保护的开发设计.     

基于行人腿部保护的保险杠造型优化设计

建立了某车车身前部的有限元模型,并将其与MADYMO腿部冲击器模型进行了耦合.利用MADYMO-DYNA耦合算法对腿部冲击器与保险杠的碰撞过程进行了仿真分析,并根据GTR法规要求对保险杠的行人腿部保护性能作出了评价.从造型角度提出了3点改进保险杠行人保护性能的方法,并阐述了利用ALIAS设计保险杠的过程.对改进后的保险杠进行仿真分析表明,改进方案有利于提高保险杠的行人腿部保护性能.     

聚丙烯复合材料发动机罩盖行人头部保护优化设计

为研究车辆与行人发生碰撞时汽车发动机罩盖对行人头部的保护性能,减少人车事故中行人的受伤害程度,建立了行人头部冲击器撞击发动机罩盖的有限元模型,分析了行人头部冲击器撞击相同结构的聚丙烯复合材料、钢制发动机罩盖的行人头部保护性能,比较了不同材料发动机罩的吸能特性,探究了发动机罩盖影响头部HIC值的主要影响因素。设计3因素2水平的正交试验,利用LS-DYNA依次进行了试验的仿真计算与分析,确定了各影响因素对头部HIC值的影响顺序,并对复合材料发动机罩盖的结构参数进行了优化调整。为降低复合材料发动机罩盖的头部碰撞损伤相关加速度值,增加其吸能特性,对翼子板进行了局部结构优化设计。结果表明:经过局部优化,铰链结构能使碰撞区域远离行人头部与翼子板尖角处碰撞最为激烈的发动机罩铰链边缘区域;弱化翼子板侧边垂直尖角的结构,能够起到一定的吸能作用,对行人起到保护效果;改进后的长玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料发动机罩盖的质量相比原来降低51.5%,更有利于满足对车身的轻量化要求,增加车辆燃油经济性;对长玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料发动机罩盖的静态刚度进行了分析,扭转刚度得到增加,弯曲刚度和侧向弯曲刚度值变化在10%范围内,符合设计要求。     

行人小腿碰撞有限元建模方法的研究

首先根据欧盟EEVC标准要求,建立了模拟行人皮肤、肌肉和骨骼的小腿冲击器模型,并通过静态和动态试验进行了验证.接着建立包括保险杠、纵梁和发动机罩等在内的车辆前端模型,结合上述小腿冲击器模型,组成行人小腿一车辆前端碰撞模型.最后,对该碰撞模型进行仿真与验证.     

aPLI冲击器动态标定方法研究

随着国内汽车安全领域的不断发展,汽车行人保护的概念逐渐被消费者了解,并受到了越来越多的关注,一种新型的aPLI冲击器开始参与试验评估。该冲击器与现有柔性腿型冲击器有较大区别,标定方法及评价区间也有不同之处,更高精确度的标定能够更好的反应冲击器的真实状况,但是国内使用该冲击器的经验不够丰富,本文通过拆解介绍了aPLI冲击器的结构,展示了其工作原理,并结合标准要求与试验室环境得出了一套基于现有条件对aPLI冲击器进行标定的实操方法,结合标定结果与参考标准确认试验的有效性,通过多次标定进行数据分析,对一些试验中的注意事项进行总结,为其他试验室开展该冲击器标定试验提供参考。     

行人头型撞击前风挡玻璃区域的损伤风险分析

针对行人头部防护开展研究,建立了符合GTR要求的4.5kg成人头部模型.通过虚拟试验方法使用成人头部模型对轿车前风挡玻璃进行冲击分析,比较不同碰撞部位及相关结构对人体头部损伤评价指标的影响.结果表明,头部损伤风险表现出明显的区域分布趋势,针对特定结构进行设计,可以有效降低风挡玻璃导致头部损伤的风险.     

基于EEVC要求的行人碰撞试验台的研制和评估

基于EEVC/WG17制定的行人碰撞保护试验标准,开展了行人模块碰撞试验台的研制工作。文中介绍了该试验台的工作原理和各个功能模块的设计,并利用该试验台进行了行人头部模块和下肢模块碰撞试验,从能量、控制精度和试验可重复性等方面对其试验能力进行了初步评估。试验结果表明,该试验台满足EEVC制定的相关试验要求,可用于行人碰撞保护的研究和设计开发。     

行人头部伤害与头部碰撞试验方法的相关性分析

本文通过对行人交通事故数据的统计分析,讨论造成行人头部伤害的原因与规律,并对现行的头部模块碰撞试验方法与行人交通事故的相关性进行了分析与讨论。结果表明,碰撞前行人的运动状态对碰撞结果有显著影响,目前EEVC头部模块试验方法中规定的碰撞方向与实际行人碰撞事故中行人头部的碰撞方向存在较大差异;行人头部与风档玻璃、A柱区域以及地面发生碰撞的可能性均比较大,所以有必要通过进一步的试验研究,分析头部与这些区域发生碰撞的规律,并将其纳入头部模块的碰撞试验中。     

有利于行人头保护的风挡玻璃下横梁结构优化设计与试验验证

基于某车型的风挡玻璃下横梁结构,针对提高行人头保护性能进行了优化设计.结果表明,优化后的风挡玻璃下横梁可以提供更大的变形吸能空间,降低加速度峰值和HIC值,提高行人保护性能,为车型行人保护性能评价和开发改进提供借鉴.     

Development of Headform Impactor Finite Element Model Considering the Hyperelastic and Viscoelastic Responses of Rubber

To evaluate and analyze the pedestrian injury risk of automobiles, the finite element models of headform impactors are used. In this study, a modeling method that can accurately estimate the peak of the headform impactor impact pulse and head injury criterion (HIC) was developed. The headform impactor skin has the characteristics of both hyperelasticity and viscoelasticity. Therefore, compression tests, stress relaxation tests, and rheometer tests were conducted, and the hyperelastic and viscoelastic models were developed. The models were combined and used in the finite element analysis. The new headform impactor model was verified to accurately estimate the peak of impact pulse and HIC at the certification test of the headform impactor.     

Assessment of the pedestrian friendliness of a vechicle using subsystem impact tests

Annually, thousands of unprotected pedestrians are killed or suffer serious injuries in accidents with moving vehicles. Numerous automobile organizations have performed research on pedestrian safety. The European Enhanced Vehicle- Safety Committee (EEVC), Working Group 17 (WG17) proposed three component subsystem tests to evaluate the friendliness of a vehicle to pedestrians: the legform to hood test, the upper legform to bonnet leading edge test and the headform to bonnet top test. In assessing the pedestrian friendliness of a vehicle, the present study adopted the WG17 regulations of the three component subsystem tests. We herein describe in detail a finite element subsystem model built to analyze the pedestrian friendliness of a vehicle using LS-DYNA. The first objective of this study was to simulate these three component subsystem impact tests and evaluate car front aggressiveness. The second objective was to analyze the frontal structures of a vehicle and, based on the simulation results, identify dangerous areas and provide suggestions for vehicle front design that may decrease pedestrian injuries. The analysis of these models and the results obtained may be used to help evaluate the pedestrian friendliness of a vehicle and guide the future development of pedestrian-friendly vehicle technologies.     

FE modeling method for a headform used in pedestrian protection simulations

Finite element models of headforms are used in experimental simulations of pedestrian protection. In this study, a quick and accurate method for FE modeling of the headforms was developed. This method entailed the initial definition of the dimensional parameters for the mass, centroid, and inertial moment properties of the headform. The equations governing these properties were constructed using the dimensional parameters as design variables. The dimensional parameters meeting the requirements of the relevant regulations were obtained by solving these three equations. A design optimization model was constructed for the material parameters of the outer part of the headform. In this model, the parameters of the material used in the FE model were considered as design variables; the difference between the peak acceleration in a side-impact simulation test and the average value of the regulated acceleration range was used as the objective function; the first-order natural frequency, which was required to be greater than 5,000 Hz, was defined as one of the constraints; the peak drop acceleration, which was required to be within the regulated range of values, was defined as the second constraint. The material parameters were obtained by solving the optimization model. These material parameters meet the dynamic requirements of the regulations for headforms. Based on these three parameters, an FE model of a headform can be constructed quickly and accurately.     

Injury analysis of pedestrians in collisions using the pedestrian deformable model

Vehicle safety has become the most important issue in automobile design. However, all efforts to improve safety devices focus on enhancing safety features for occupants. Notably, pedestrians are the second largest category of motor vehicle deaths, after occupants, and account for about 13 percent of motor vehicle deaths. It is essential to design pedestrian-friendly vehicles and pedestrian protection systems to reduce pedestrian fatalities and injuries. To effectively assess pedestrian injuries resulting from vehicle impact, a deformable pedestrian model must be developed for vehicle-pedestrian collision analysis. This study constructs a pedestrian-collision numerical model based on LS-DYNA finite element code. To verify the accuracy of the proposed deformable pedestrian model, experimental data are used in the pedestrian model test. This study applies the proposed model to analyze the dynamic responses and injuries of pedestrians involved in collisions. The modeled results can help assess vehicle pedestrian friendliness and assist in the future development of pedestrian-friendly vehicle technologies.     

轿车行人保护技术发展的重要性

行人安全越来越成为人们关注的重要问题,文章针对行车过程中行人伤害特点来说明行人保护技术研究的重要意义。随着我国将于2013年正式实施《汽车对行人的碰撞保护》标准,必然将推动我国行人保护技术的快速发展。文章结合行人保护技术的发展历程及现阶段此项技术研究的方法和应用现状,为此方面的研究工作提供参考,从而使我国汽车工业得以更加完善发展。