船舶融资租赁与船舶登记

近年来船舶融资租赁业务日益增多,从国际上来看,此项业务也具有广阔的发展前景。但目前政策性限制较多、法律规定还不健全,这其中也包括融资租赁船舶的登记。正确认识船舶融资租赁法律关系,规范海事     

船舶融资租赁:亟待政策扶持

中国的船舶融资租赁业务自2008年银行系金融租赁公司开业以来,突飞猛进,成绩斐然,极大地推动了中国航运业和造船业的发展。但是与国外航运大国相比,中国船舶租赁还需要进一步地推进和扶持。     

船舶融资租赁登记制度探究

船舶融资租赁是一种自成绿色的交易，兼具买卖，融资及租赁的法律属性，以融资为其经济实质，以光船租赁为其形式，光船租赁登记制度不能满足船舶融资租赁登记之要求，建立融资租赁登记制度富具现实性并能以此完善船舶登记制度，在光船租赁登记制度的基础上，笔者尝试提出建立融资租赁登记制度的法律框架。     

船舶融资租赁企盼政策春天

我国的融资租赁始于20年前,在经历了一波三折的发展过程后,几乎处于停滞状态。但随着由工商银行、民生银行、建设银行、交通银行以及招商银行分别出巨资设立的五家银行系金融租赁公司陆续高调亮相,融资租赁业再次迎来了发展机遇。由于五家公司的目光都瞄向了飞机、船舶和大型设备,业内人士预计,在退出金融租赁行业十余年后,商业银行的卷土重来,将为中国的金融租赁业带来颠覆性变化,船舶融资租赁业也将因此而“钱”景灿烂。     

融资造船与船舶租赁

此文主要论述船公司融资造船、买船和船舶租赁。     

我国融资租赁历史沿革及发展机遇

<正>所谓船舶融资租赁,即金融租赁公司按照船舶所有人要求购买资产,然后回租给船舶所有人使用,并以分期偿还该资产的全部或者大部分购置成本为基础,向船舶所有人收取租金。租赁期满后,船舶所有人可以选择退租、续租或者以双方商定的价格买下该实物资产。如果在合同期内还清租金,船舶所有人也可拥有该设备的所有权,当然这取决于与租赁公司签订的合约。     

浅谈船舶融资租赁

近几年来，由于世界贸易连续保持两位数增长，带动了经济飞速发展，世界经济以3％～4％增加。世界航运业在中国因素的影响下，出现了千载难逢的机遇，推动世界各金融业聚焦以中国为主的航运市场。     

船舶融资租赁迎来发展高潮

全球金融危机爆发后,航运市场快速陷入低谷,银行业紧缩银根,船舶融资难问题显现。航运市场的长期低迷,使得航运企业在经营过程中迫切需要解决现金流吃紧的问题,而融资租赁业务在解决企业资金问题的同时并不会导致负债率上升。目前,在金融危机和市场低迷的双重压力下,融资租赁正成为船舶融资的主流渠道之一。     

融资租赁船舶所有权登记

从国际船舶融资的角度看,缺少船舶融资租赁权登记规定的船舶登记制度,是不利于跨国船舶融资租赁的。我国《船舶登记条例》中有关光船租赁权登记制度的基本精神和具体做法可为船舶融资租赁权登记制度提供有益借鉴。但仍存在一些不足,笔者试着从这方面提出若干建议。     

中国船舶融资租赁的桎梏破解

前不久,媒体上一篇题为“长航油运：巨轮末路”的文章,引起业界极大关注。人们在感慨长江油运命运多舛的同时,亦对其破产牵出的租赁旧账陷入了沉思,再联想到近年融资租赁业发展中逐渐叠加的纠纷案件,这些无不警告业界,尽管国内船舶融资租赁业有广阔的市场空间,并被业界寄予厚望,但其前行之路,却依然障碍重重。不成熟背后近几年,我国的船舶融资租赁业务发展十分迅猛。不过,在光鲜数据的背后,每一位参与者都必须直面行业发展的瓶颈。中国国际商会租赁委员副主席俞开琪认为,相较飞机融资租赁模式,船舶融资租赁发展尚不成熟。从记者调查了鹪的情况来看,目前国内船舶融资租赁业的发展面临以下几方面的问题。     

国外船舶融资租赁相关经验

融资租赁自20世纪50年代起源于美国,作为一种全新的方式,这一融资模式在之后的四十多年间于世界范围内得到迅猛发展,在大型固定设备、高科技产品等领域发挥着重要作用.目前,对于航运业这种资金密集型的行业,利用融资租赁方式购买船舶在航运公司已被普遍采用.     

The pros and cons of leasing in ship financing

Ship leasing is as old as shipping itself. As a financing device it is an alternative to equity financing through ship mortgages. Ship financing methodologies are in themselves highly sophisticated, and within that domain, the principal varieties of leases, namely, the operating lease and the finance lease are both fairly complex mechanisms in terms of their respective uses. Ships are assets; as such ship leasing falls under asset financing and is subject to the fundamental rules of equipment leasing. But ship leasing also has its own distinctive characteristics not only in relation to the unique features of the shipping industry and ship financing, but also, the legal regime within which ship leasing operates. There are variations in the legal regime which in turn impact on economic considerations. Thus, there are pros and cons involved in ship leasing, and they depend on a number of variables. This article is an attempt to critically examine these pros and cons from the relative perspectives of theory-based economists on the one hand, and law and accounting practitioners on the other. To that end, a two-fold literature review of the subject area is presented. The article concludes that economists identify ship leasing with a positive tax advantage and an enhanced financial disposition of the lessee. In contrast, the views of practitioners are complex and inconsistent. It is evident that the literature focuses on the legal arrangements involved in these transactions. These legal arrangements stem from the inherent risks associated with ships and shipping operations and have led to some disadvantages with respect to ship leasing.     

一起船舶融资租赁合同纠纷案的民事判决

一、案情概况原告广东广发实业投资公司诉被告东莞市东信小轮公司(下称小轮公司)、东莞市信益实业总公司(下称信益公司)船舶融资租赁合同纠纷一案,广州海事法院于2003年5月27日受理后,依法组成合议庭,经庭审质证,原告和被告对以下证据和事实没有异议,合议庭予     

租赁业在我国航运融资发展中的作用

目前我国已成为全球发展最快的航运大国和造船大国。我国航运业发展历史较长,但租赁业,尤其是与船舶融资相结合的船舶租赁业在我国的迅速发展却是近两年的事。船舶租赁业与航运市场、金融市场密切相关,而航运市场和金融市场都是全球性市场,我国的航运融资更是全球市场不可分割的一部分。我国的船舶租赁业也正是基于此发展起来的。     

航运企业船舶融资租赁税收筹划

为促进我国船舶融资租赁业的发展,节约船舶融资租赁税务成本,提高航运企业的经济效益和市场竞争力,增强我国航运业的国际竞争力,通过介绍船舶融资租赁、税收筹划的概念和特点、我国融资租赁的税收政策,分别从非集团型航运企业和集团型航运企业两方面对融资租赁合约中的折旧期限、折旧方法、每期租金支付额、期满后船舶所有权的归属等方面予以筹划,提出4种融资租赁税收筹划方案,从而达到降低税负、实现航运企业税后收益最大化的目标。     

Optimal portfolio choice for ship leasing investments

ABSTRACT

We develop an advanced portfolio analysis method to determine the optimal ship mix for a portfolio. A typical business model of a ship leasing firm is to acquire ships for charter income. However, transportation assets (such as ships and aircraft) are different from financial assets (e.g. stocks and bonds) as they are tangible and have a limited useful life. Thus, methodologies for financial portfolios cannot be simply extended to portfolios of transportation assets. Recently, ship leasing represents a non-traditional source of ship finance. A ship leasing firm can manage a certain number of ships across different ship types. Based on portfolio theory and industry-related evidence, we construct an optimal ship portfolio consisting of a manageable combination of carefully chosen ships. The expected return of the asset combination is examined with respect to various ship types and sizes. We quantify the freight risk for different categories of ships in different sectors to investigate the characteristics of ship portfolios. The estimation of such freight risk is of considerable interest to academics and practitioners alike, because determining the behaviour of freight risk has important implications for investment decisions regarding ships. Our portfolio method should strongly support the decision-making process involved in leasing ships.