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依据渤海石油开发和海上交通运输前景,结合渤海海冰特征和环渤海及北方几种原油的特点,介绍发展低水温和冰区溢油监测、预报、清理和安全管理技术的重要性。对目前国内外在此方面的研究现状和科学保障做了总结,阐明未来研究的内容和可行性。 相似文献
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6月5日,美丽的渤海湾秦皇岛港西锚地附近海域波涛汹涌,轮船穿梭,亦如往昔。突然间,几声巨大的爆炸声由远及近,海面上冲天的烈焰、滚滚的黑烟,打破了海湾特有的宁静……油轮"天鹏"号在进港途中突然发生火灾爆炸,引起油舱破裂,500吨原油溢出流入大海, 相似文献
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本文介绍了"2007年渤海溢油应急演习"概况,分析了演习的经验和成果,就演习反映的问题提出了解决建议。 相似文献
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国内溢油回收船现状及溢油回收装置选型研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
针对当前海上溢油风险的日益增加,以及防污染对专业溢油回收设备及专业溢油回收船的需求,介绍了目前国内溢油回收船的现状,并对国内外溢油回收装置的特点进行了分析比较,希望为用户在选择溢油回收设备及建设专业溢油回收船方面起到指导作用。 相似文献
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针对现场燃烧技术在溢油应急处置过程中的应用,分析现场燃烧技术的适用条件及优缺点,结合现场燃烧技术的相关政策法规、实施程序、健康安全环保指标、燃烧后评估方法比较与其他应急措施相比的优势。针对现场燃烧技术在2010年墨西哥湾溢油事故中的应用进行案例分析,结果表明现场燃烧技术是一种快速、高效、低成本的溢油清理方法。 相似文献
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Simulation of the oil spill processes in the Sea of Japan with regional ocean circulation model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sergey M. Varlamov Jong-Hwan Yoon Naoki Hirose Hideyuki Kawamura Ken Shiohara 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》1999,4(3):94-107
A simulation of the movement of spilled oil after the incident of the Russian tanker Nakhodka in the Sea of Japan, in January 1997, was performed by a particle tracking model incorporating advection by currents, random
diffusion, the buoyancy effect, the parameterization of oil evaporation, biodegradation, and beaching. The currents advecting
spilled oil were defined by surface wind drift superposed on the three-dimensional ocean currents obtained by the Geophysical
Fluid Dynamics Laboratory modular ocean model (GFDL MOM), which was forced by the climatological monthly mean meteorological
data, or by the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) daily meteorological data, and assimilated sea
surface topography detected by satellite altimeter. A number of experiments with different parameters and situations showed
that the wide geographical spread of oil observed is not explained by wind drift alone, and that including the simulated climatological
currents gives better results. The combination of surface wind drift and daily ocean currents shows the best agreement between
the model and observations except in some coastal areas. The daily meteorological effect on the ocean circulation model results
in a stronger variability of currents that closely simulates some features of the nonlinear large-scale horizontal turbulent
diffusion of oil. The effect of different parameterizations for the size distribution of model oil particles is discussed.
Received for publication on July 26, 1999; accepted on Nov. 17, 1999 相似文献
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惠州港为珠三角地区重要船载化学危险品港口,面临着严峻的船舶溢油和化学品泄漏污染的威胁,加强惠州港危管防污能力建设,消除安全隐患,杜绝船舶溢油事故发生显得尤为重要。文中着重针对惠州港水域船舶溢油风险与污染防控展开分析论述,并提出相关建议。 相似文献
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渤海湾为中国内海,沿海工业企业密集,经济发达,海洋生态环境对经济的发展起着巨大的支撑作用。而渤海湾海洋生态脆弱,海体自然循环一次约需80年,任何污染事故的发生对经济影响都极为严重,因此加强对油品运输码头监管,消除隐患、杜绝事故发生、保持渤海海洋环境清洁显得尤为重要。文中着重针对曹妃甸三十万吨原油码头溢油风险与污染防控展开分析论述,并提出看法和建议。 相似文献
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为了对《珠江口区域溢油应急计划》提供决策支持,在国内外相关研究成果基础上,针对珠江口海域的特点,研究开发了先进实用的"珠江口区域海上溢油动态预报信息系统",综合了三维潮流模型、三维溢油扩散模型、溢油风化模型、应急反应模型、以及电子海图、地理信息系统(GIS)、数据库等关键技术。该系统可以预测模拟并可视化显示海上溢油的漂移扩散和性质变化过程,同时显示环境敏感区和应急人员设备分布等相关信息。实际溢油应用案例表明,该系统的预报模拟结果与现场实际情况完全相符,能有效地提高海上溢油污染事故的应急决策效率。 相似文献
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港口水域通航安全管理存在问题分析及对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《港口法》生效实施以来,港口水域的通航安全监督管理状况发生了较大的变化。从海事机构水上安全监管的职责出发,结合当前港口水域的安全管理状况,对海事机构在港口水域通航安全监督管理中存在的主要问题,如港口水域界定、港口岸线使用许可、港口航道、锚地的划定、水上水下施工等,从法律法规、管理机制和日常监管等几个方面进行分析并提出具体建议。 相似文献
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文中从我国航标管理机构参与海上溢油应急反应实践入手,总结了在该工作中的经验和启示,并对比发展需要和发达国家实践提出了加强航标机构溢油应急反应能力建设的建议。 相似文献
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液压油中污染物监测分析对比 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
油料光谱分析、铁谱分析、污染度分析和LNF—C磨粒形状分类分析等油液监测技术用于研究在用液压油中的污染物,判断液压设备是否存在故障隐患。对所测的油样进行数据对比,这些监测技术对在用液压油中磨粒监测具有较好的相关性。 相似文献
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This paper studies the current available options forfloating production platforms in developing deepwater oil fieldsand the potential development models of future oil and gasexploration in the South China Sea. A detailed review of currentdeepwater platforms worldwide was performed through theexamples of industry projects, and the pros and cons of eachplatform are discussed. Four types of platforms are currently usedfor the deepwater development: tension leg platform, Spar,semi-submersible platform, and the floating production systemoffloading. Among these, the TLP and Spar can be used for dry treeapplications, and have gained popularity in recent years. The drytree application enables the extension of the drilling application forfixed platforms into floating systems, and greatly reduces the costand complexity of the subsea operation. Newly built wet treesemi-submersible production platforms for ultra deepwater are alsogetting their application, mainly due to the much needed payloadfor deepwater making the conversion of the old drillingsemi-submersible platforms impossible. These platforms have beenused in different fields around the world for different environments;each has its own advantages and disadvantages. There are manychallenges with the successful use of these floating platforms. A lotof lessons have been learned and extensive experience accumulatedthrough the many project applications. Key technologies are beingreviewed for the successful use of floating platforms for fielddevelopment, and potential future development needs are beingdiscussed. Some of the technologies and experience of platformapplications can be well used for the development of the SouthChina Sea oil and gas field. 相似文献