嘉陵江水东坝航运枢纽工程坝址方案

与常规渠化工程相比,在已建渠化梯级间增建航运梯级的坝址选择时,存在梯级间最低通航水位衔接和对已建电站发电影响分析等技术难题,研究案例较少。以嘉陵江水东坝航运枢纽工程坝址选择为例,采用对库尾河段水深、河势、地形地质、淹没损失等条件进行利弊分析的方法,提出坝址初选、枢纽建筑物布置和确定枢纽正常蓄水位的思路,从水位衔接、库区景观、对上下游已建电站发电影响、施工导流及工程投资等方面进行坝址综合比选。推荐复兴场坝址为水东坝航运枢纽建设坝址。     

流溪河人和坝址河段河床演变分析

人和坝处于流溪河下游、河口段交界位置,坝址河段的历史演变及近期2008～2016年实测资料演变分析,特别是坝址上游局部的河床演变分析表明,坝址上游段河道河床主槽呈轻微淤积趋势,近坝址的弯道至坝下主槽呈冲刷下切趋势。     

青海省诺木洪水库坝址区工程地质特征

工程地质勘察是工程建设中重要的前期工作,岩土工程地质特征的优劣对建设方案、设计方案的决策起着决定性作用;坝址区工程地质条件的特征是选择坝址、坝型的首要条件,对工程施工和投资具有重要影响。通过对青海省诺木洪水库坝址区的工程地质特征分析,得到各岩土层的主要物理力学参数,论述了坝址区存在的主要工程地质问题。     

松花江佳木斯悦来航电枢纽坝址选择

采用正态物理模型水流试验研究方法,对两坝址枢纽总体布置4个设计方案的泄流能力、通航水流条件等控制要素进行分析。根据试验研究成果,对两坝址设计方案进行优化试验研究,分别提出两坝址枢纽总体布置推荐方案。文章从枢纽泄流能力、通航建筑物水流条件、主要水工建筑物相对位置、船闸引航道口门区及连接段航道线型对通航水流条件的影响、电站出力等因素进行比较分析,提出了合理可行的推荐坝址方案。     

肯斯瓦特水利枢纽软岩工程地质特性

为查清玛纳斯河肯斯瓦特水利枢纽坝址区软岩的工程地质特性.为工程设计提供准确技术参数,通过现场和室内试验等方法,获得了软岩的物理力学强度指标和岩石破坏形态。根据试验结果提出了坝址区岩体物理力学参数的建议值。其结果可为坝址区主要建筑物和高边坡处理设计提供依据。     

西藏某水电站坝址区中缓倾角裂隙粗糙度定量评价

文中根据西藏某水电站坝址区中、低高程平硐内中缓倾角裂隙的粗糙度实测资料，建立了该坝址区中缓倾角裂隙粗糙度定量分级指标，对不同产状、不同卸荷区带、不同高程、不同岸别的裂隙隙壁粗糙度特征做了详细的定量分析和评价，并根据实际测量与统计结果，给出了该坝址区中缓倾角裂隙隙壁一维起伏典型剖面曲线，作为Barton标准粗糙度典型剖面曲线在该工程中的具体化，为水电工程中裂隙隙壁粗糙度特征的定量评价提出了具体方法。     

新干枢纽下游河床冲淤及航道条件变化计算

根据赣江流域规划,在赣江下游三湖镇河段规划兴建新干航电枢纽,枢纽建成后坝下游的河床冲淤及水位变化需要进行预测研究。建立了坝址至南昌118 km长河段的一维水沙数学模型,计算了拟建新干枢纽坝下河道河床下切与水位下降情况。结果表明:在现状河道条件下,经过6~7个水文年河床调整后,枢纽下游河段河床冲淤接近平衡;经过10个水文年作用后,新干枢纽坝址下游附近河段河床最大冲刷深度为1.76 m,坝址下游附近水位最大下降值为1.56 m。分析了河床调整后坝址至南昌河段航道条件的变化。     

平陆运河青年枢纽坝址选择和平面布置

平陆运河青年枢纽所在工程河段河道弯曲，坝址处桥梁众多，建筑物密集，库区为钦州市饮用水源保护区，船闸运行受咸水上溯影响，坝址选择和平面布置影响因素复杂。从地形地质、通航条件、淹没影响、接岸条件、对周边建筑物的影响和工程投资等方面，对坝址选择和平面布置进行了多方案比选。结合物理模型试验研究，优化上游口门区和连接段航道布置，改善上下游引航道口门区通航水流条件。在保证通过能力不低于上游梯级的条件下，互灌互泄的省水方案可提高最大通航流量，工程投资较低，平面布置方案更优。     

Mahl水电站坝址输沙量估测方法

水电站规划阶段坝址处输沙量的确定至关重要。本文采用实测资料分析的方法,Mahl水电站上游水文站在来沙量较大的关键时段测次较少,缺测、漏测的可能性大,且上下游水文站之间河段频繁滑坡,区间入汇沙量较大,因此选择下游水文站作为Mahl电站泥沙设计依据站,得到坝址处悬移质输沙量系列。拟合年内水沙关系,得到坝址的日输沙量成果,为模型计算提供基础。输沙量的确定是Mahl水电站工程规划的基础,也为其他同类型水电工程的规划提供了参考。     

广西郁江老口航运枢纽船闸总体设计

老口航运枢纽是广西西江黄金水道建设的重要项目之一,枢纽选定坝址位于左右江汇合口下游的反S形河道之间,通航条件及船闸布置是枢纽总体设计的关键。通过对老口航运枢纽船闸建设规模、坝址特点及总平面布置、输水系统、水工结构及特点、金属结构等方面的论述,概括了本船闸的主要技术特征,为航运枢纽船闸的设计提供参考与借鉴。     

High-resolution surveys of the biogeochemistry of the New England shelfbreak front during Summer, 2002

We present the observations from a pair of field experiments at the New England shelfbreak front in June and August of 2002, each consisting of 14 cross-frontal surveys using the Lamont Pumping SeaSoar. Measurements of the front's physical, chemical, and bio-optical characteristics were made at high spatial and temporal resolution. The front, based on water-column hydrographic distributions, was found within a few km of the 200 m isobath during both cruises. We present here composite sections, based on averages of individual sections shifted in space to a common frontal location, of the cross-frontal distributions of these properties as a measure of the mean state of the front in both June and August. The observations show the familiar temperature, salinity, and density distributions of the summertime front, dominated by surface thermal heating. Nutrient and bio-optical distributions show the combined effects of water-mass exchange and biological processes. T, S, silicate, and phosphate distributions are suggestive of cross-frontal exchange of slope- and shelf waters, although transport mechanisms and pathways are not apparent. These properties, along with nitrate and optical measures of the suspended particle distributions, show vertical displacements of isopleths as the front is approached: property contours slope upwards toward the front from the shoreward side, and downwards toward the front from the seaward side. Again, actual water-movement pathways are not constrained by these suggestive patterns. Bio-optical distributions show elevated indicators of photosynthetic efficiency both seaward and shoreward of the front, but the front itself is a minimum in biomass. Accumulation of photosynthetic biomass appears to be controlled primarily by nitrate scarcity in waters within and above the pycnocline. At the base of the pycnocline, light limitation appears to be the controlling factor, although the base of the euphotic zone is deeper than the biomass maxima and the base of the pycnocline. Mechanisms explaining this phenomenon are unclear, but tenuous evidence suggests low stratification at the depth of the 1% light level may not allow phytoplankton to optimize for the low-light, high-nutrient conditions at depth. Cross-frontal differences in nutrient and bio-optical parameters, particularly in August, suggest distinct phytoplankton assemblages, and the presence of calcite-forming or nitrogen fixing groups to the community structure, especially in very shallow waters across the front and in pycnocline waters seaward of the front.     

面向复杂装备AR辅助维修的混合跟踪技术研究

装备维修是生产制造、作业运转的基础,特别是在船舶、航空等领域。由于在维修过程中装备结构复杂、维修人员经验技术不足和缺少直观维修手段导致容易导致维修效率低下和操作出错。因此,通过研究基于增强现实的装备维修方案,直观交互地进行维修作业,能够有效地提升维修的质量和效率。由于装备体型较大,结构复杂,给跟踪定位带来了新的困难,针对实际的工程需求,创新性地将主流方法进行结合,提出了多Marker和ORB-SLAM混合跟踪的方法。通过二次调整多Marker定位结果的动态权值,提高局部定位维修的精度和可靠性。分析比较现有的特征点算法,选择ORB-SLAM作为方案,实现全局的定位和导航,对维修过程给以指导,并设计开发装备诱导维修系统,为大型复杂设备地维修提供了通用解决方案。     

多因素数学模型在温州瓯江口浅滩围涂工程研究中的应用

建立了波浪、潮流、盐度、悬沙、底床冲淤等多种因素数学模型,在模型验证的基础上,对瓯江口温州浅滩围涂工程海区的波浪场、潮流场、盐度场、悬沙场、底床冲淤场进行了数值模拟研究,对温州浅滩围涂工程对瓯江泄洪、瓯江南北口分流比、乐清湾养殖业、瓯江口港口航道及状元岙深水区、南口口外滩地的影响进行了分析论证。分析研究结果表明,温州浅滩围涂工程是可行的。     

澜沧江-湄公河航道哈乐滩碍航特性及整治措施

澜沧江-湄公河航道上哈乐滩具有弯、浅、险、窄、急等特点。根据现场调查资料,结合数学模型计算结果,分析了哈乐滩成滩原因及碍航特性。哈乐滩右岸楠罗河山洪冲出的石块及大卵石堆积在溪口形成冲洪积扇,近年来冲积扇发育,进一步侵占河床泄水断面,同时岸线凹凸不平,导致滩险上段水流弯曲,中段坡陡流急,船舶枯水上滩困难。针对哈乐滩滩险成因及碍航特点,提出炸礁和修筑整治建筑物结合的措施,解决滩险碍航问题。     

防波堤及护岸越浪研究综述

近年来防波堤越浪方面的相关研究,分别在越浪影响因素、越浪量计算公式推导论证、越浪数值模拟与越浪量标准4个方面进行归纳总结.已有成果表明:1)越浪影响因素的研究多是集中于常规因素,包括波高周期,堤顶高程,坡肩宽度,护面块体,而对水流、风速、波浪谱以及水的性质等其他因素研究相对较少;2)越浪量计算公式研究中主要集中在影响越...     

Matching biological traits to environmental conditions in marine benthic ecosystems

The effects of variability in environmental conditions on species composition in benthic ecosystems are well established, but relatively little is known about how environmental variability relates to ecosystem functioning. Benthic invertebrate assemblages are heavily involved in the maintenance of ecological processes and investigation of the biological characteristics (traits) expressed in these assemblages can provide information about some aspects of functioning. The aim of this study was to establish and explore relationships between environmental variability and biological traits expressed in megafauna assemblages in two UK regions. Patterns of trait composition were matched to environmental conditions and subsets of variables best describing these patterns determined. The nature of the relationships were subsequently examined at two separate scales, both between and within the regions studied. Over the whole area, some traits related to size, longevity, reproduction, mobility, flexibility, feeding method, sociability and living habit were negatively correlated with salinity, sea surface temperature, annual temperature range and the level of fishing effort, and positively associated with fish taxon richness and shell content of the substratum. Between the two regions, reductions in temperature range and shell content were associated with infrequent relative occurrences of short-lived, moderately mobile, flexible, solitary, opportunistic, permanent-burrow dwelling fauna and those exhibiting reproductive strategies based on benthic development. Relationships between some traits and environmental conditions diverged within the two regions, with increases in fishing effort and shell content of the substratum being associated with low frequencies of occurrence of moderately mobile and moderately to highly flexible fauna within one region, but high frequencies in the other. These changes in trait composition have implications for ecosystem processes, with, for example, reductions in permanent-burrow dwellers within one of the regions potentially compromising the ability of the assemblages to process and store chemicals and waste products. However, the connections between environmental conditions and trait composition are complex and incorporate many factors. Experimental investigations will be necessary to determine the extent and consequences of these important relationships.     

How much can public private partnership really do for urban transport in developing countries?

A few cities in some of the larger developing countries in Latin America and Asia have made increasing use of multi-year concessions or franchises, competitively awarded to private companies, for construction and operation of urban transport infrastructure and for provision of public transport services. In view of the strong prospective growth of developing-country cities with large transport needs, and the rise in the emerging economies of potential new sources of private capital, it is important to see how effective PPP has so far been in this area. The experience is analyzed principally by thorough comparative review of what has actually happened for some of the main users to date: Bogotá, Santiago, São Paulo, Seoul, and several cities in both China and India. Despite delays and mistakes that have been made in development of most of the projects, the overall results, already delivered and in prospect, are very positive and urban public transport is benefiting substantially, with significant side effects on poorer people's access to work and to services, air pollution levels and road accident rates. The widest and most important advantage of the PPP arrangements, as compared with more conventional short-term contracting, is found to be the innovations, technical and managerial, developed, and, in particular, the mutual capacity building of the countries' private and public sectors and their more effective interaction. The experience in the six countries covered suggests that other developing-country cities may be best assisted to develop sound urban transport PPPs more rapidly through provision of help on chosen items among 7 elements that have proved particularly crucial but sometimes weak in the projects reviewed: Civic consultation systems, Land-use/Transport strategic planning, Land/property market management, Monitoring systems, Progressive policies, Economic regulation, and Public institutional framework for PPPs.     

具备开通闸条件的通航节制闸建设方案

通航节制闸运行调度原则与常规的船闸工程和水闸工程明显不同,针对其口门宽度、门槛水深、闸门形式、平面布置等关键技术问题,船闸工程和水闸工程规范尚无具体的要求。以邓楼节制闸重建工程为例,对现有的节制闸运行调度原则进行调整以满足开通闸通航的要求,同时通过实施工程补偿措施以满足原节制闸防洪水倒漾、引水灌溉、保护水质的功能。通过理论计算和对比分析等方法得知建设2孔净宽23 m、门槛水深5. 5 m的通航节制闸能够满足船舶安全通航和航道通过能力的要求,并得出"升卧式平面闸门能够适应长期低水头运行、高通航保证率要求特点"的结论。其确定运行规则、建设规模、闸门形式、布置方案的方法对类似项目的建设及船闸标准规范的完善均有借鉴意义。