基于MATLAB/Simulink的车辆转向稳定性的仿真研究

汽车的操纵稳定性是衡量汽车安全性最基本的指标之一,影响汽车行驶稳定性的基本因素主要有横摆角速度与质心侧偏角,将汽车简化为二自由度模型,建立关于横摆角速度与质心侧偏角的转向微分方程.基于MATLAB/Simulink软件建立仿真模型,对前轮转向与四轮转向典型的二自由度汽车模型进行仿真分析.对比两轮转向和四轮转向的稳定性....     

含非线性轮胎模型的汽车四轮转向与主动悬架集成控制

在建立汽车四轮转向与主动悬架统一动力学模型的基础上,分别对2个子系统进行控制器的设计研究.在四轮转向控制器的设计方面,提出了修正后的理想参考模型,采取前馈加反馈的跟踪控制策略,在主动悬架的控制器设计中则采用最优控制方法.结合非线性轮胎模型,在MAT-LAB/Simulink环境下对被动系统、四轮转向系统、主动悬架系统以及四轮转向与主动悬架集成控制系统进行了仿真分析.结果表明:集成控制系统除了能改善车辆在转弯过程中的质心侧偏角响应、横摆角速度响应以及在不平路面上的行驶平顺性外,还能有效抑制由不平路面等外界干扰对车辆转向性能带来的影响.     

四轮独立转向电动汽车转向控制方法

本文中对四轮独立转向电动汽车的转向控制方法进行研究。首先,基于前轮转向车辆的理想横摆角速度模型,建立四轮独立转向2自由度动力学模型。接着,以四轮侧偏角之和绝对值最小化作为优化目标函数,以质心侧偏角为零和理想横摆角速度作为约束条件,采用线型优化算法求解系统前馈控制器。再以轮胎侧偏角和横摆转矩为输入建立线性控制模型,运用最优区域极点配置方法设计反馈控制器。最后,建立人-车-路闭环仿真系统,分别进行双移线道路仿真实验和对开路面上的行驶仿真实验。结果表明,控制器能根据路面附着情况分配各轮转角,保证车辆跟踪理想状态。实车双移线实验进一步验证了控制器对车辆理想状态良好的跟踪精度。     

基于QFT的四轮转向控制系统设计

本文提出一种基于定量反馈理论的主动控制四轮转向策略，以汽车转向时的横摆角速度和车体侧偏角为被控制量，将汽车的速度、质量、轮胎等效侧偏刚度等参数视为有界的不确定参数，应用定量反馈理论（QFT）设计反馈控制系统。为了验证设计的有效性，采用具有非线性轮胎特性的汽车模型对控制系统作了多种工况下的仿真。仿真结果证明所设计的解耦控制系统对汽车参数的不确定性具有鲁棒性，同时具有较好的控制特性，能够有效提高汽车的主动安全性和操纵稳定性。     

基于模型预测控制的主动四轮转向车辆稳定性研究

为提高汽车在高速、低附着系数路面下的操纵稳定性,论文设计模型预测控制器跟踪线性二自由度理想模型,得到横摆角速度与质心侧偏角偏差,然后由二次规划算法计算实际的四个车轮转角,并在Carsim软件中建立开环角阶跃工况进行联合仿真。结果表明:文章所设计的基于模型预测控制的主动四轮转向汽车相对于前轮转向,能够有效降低整车角阶跃输入下的横摆角速度与质心侧偏角,更好地跟踪理想控制目标,主动四轮转向汽车提高了整车的操纵稳定性和路径跟随精度。     

基于四轮主动转向的路径跟踪自动控制

对于四轮转向汽车,基于2自由度线性车辆模型设计了用于路径自动跟踪的最优控制算法.在Matlab/Simulink中以2自由度非线性车辆模型作为被控对象对控制算法进行仿真评价,仿真模型中对最优控制算法所确定的前、后轮转角分别施加一个惯性环节.双移线和蛇行工况下的仿真结果表明,路径和横摆角速度跟踪效果好,质心侧偏角得到有效抑制.该最优控制算法实现了四轮转向车辆的低速反相转向和高速同相转向.     

比例控制四轮转向车辆运动特性分析

系统地分析了二自由度四轮转向汽车模型的运动方程，得出了质心侧偏角、横摆角速度与前轮转角的传递函数。在此基础上，对四轮转向样车进行了前后轮转角成比例控制的四轮转向车辆（4WS）的运动学仿真，并针对仿真结果进行了系统的分析。结果阐明了四轮转向车辆与前轮转向车辆（2WS）相比的优势，并提出其发展方向。     

四轮转向汽车操纵性能仿真研究

建立了四轮转向汽车的数学模型,推导出其传递函数,在此基础上利用Matlab/Simulink软件建立了仿真模型,并且为四轮转向模型设计了PID控制器,最后对模型进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,四轮转向汽车无论在低速还是在高速工况下其转向性能都优于前轮转向汽车。同时证明,文中所设计的PID控制器参数合理,能很好地控制汽车转向。     

四轮转向车辆稳定性控制器优化设计

本文基于横摆角速度跟踪控制理论设计了四轮转向车辆稳定性控制器，实现了各速度下控制器的优化及其硬件在环仿真。结果表明控制器在高速段能改善汽车的动力学性能。与传统的前轮转向车辆相比具有优越的操纵稳定性。     

汽车主动转向与直接横摆力矩协调控制

为了提高汽车的操纵稳定性和行驶稳定性,分别对主动转向及直接横摆力矩控制进行了研究。根据汽车线性二自由度模型获得汽车稳态工况下的期望横摆角速度和期望质心侧偏角,设计了上层控制器和下层控制器,其中上层控制器为主动转向与直接横摆力矩功能分配的协调控制,下层控制器采用单神经元自适应PID算法设计了主动转向控制器和直接横摆力矩控制器。基于汽车行驶稳定性指标设计了调度参数,以实现主动转向和直接横摆力矩的协调控制。分别选取高附着系数路面和低附着系数路面进行了正弦输入试验和阶跃输入试验,结果表明所设计的控制系统能够很好地提高线控转向汽车的操纵稳定性和行驶稳定性。     

Study on a four wheel steering vehicle driven at an objective side slip angle

At the center of gravity of a vehicle, the control function for rear steering can cancel the side slip angle which varies as the running speed is changed. An instantaneous center of vehicle motion is controlled, employing rear steering. Even though the running speed of the vehicle is changed, the side slip angle remains as it was, if a relation of the position of the instantaneous center of vehicle motion to the vehicle does not change. Furthermore, taking account of an instantaeous center of yaw motion will enable us to select how much the side slip angle should be.     

Lateral handling improvement with dynamic curvature control for an independent rear wheel drive EV

The integrated longitudinal and lateral dynamic motion control is important for four wheel independent drive (4WID) electric vehicles. Under critical driving conditions, direct yaw moment control (DYC) has been proved as effective for vehicle handling stability and maneuverability by implementing optimized torque distribution of each wheel, especially with independent wheel drive electric vehicles. The intended vehicle path upon driver steering input is heavily depending on the instantaneous vehicle speed, body side slip and yaw rate of a vehicle, which can directly affect the steering effort of driver. In this paper, we propose a dynamic curvature controller (DCC) by applying a the dynamic curvature of the path, derived from vehicle dynamic state variables; yaw rate, side slip angle, and speed of a vehicle. The proposed controller, combined with DYC and wheel longitudinal slip control, is to utilize the dynamic curvature as a target control parameter for a feedback, avoiding estimating the vehicle side-slip angle. The effectiveness of the proposed controller, in view of stability and improved handling, has been validated with numerical simulations and a series of experiments during cornering engaging a disturbance torque driven by two rear independent in-wheel motors of a 4WD micro electric vehicle.     

Dynamics analysis of an omni-directional vehicle

In a modern society, traffic congestion is a major problem in every metropolis. To solve the problem of traffic congestion an innovative omni-directional vehicle is proposed. This research has mainly focussed on developing the comprehensive vehicle dynamics model for an omni-directional road vehicle. Then the stability of the vehicle in the yaw plane was analysed under different scenarios based on the response of the side slip angle. Finally an active steering PID controller was suggested and which, according to the results of the simulation, improved the yaw plane stability.     

Worst-case scenario development based on Sine with Dwell test and evaluation for vehicle dynamics controller in UCC HILS

The current test methods are insufficient to evaluate and ensure the safety and reliability of vehicle systems for all possible dynamic situations, including the worst case scenarios such as rollover, spin-out and so on. Although the known NHTSA Sine with Dwell steering maneuvers have been applied for the vehicle performance assessment, they are not enough to estimate other possible worst case scenarios. Therefore, it is crucial for us to verify the various worst case scenarios, including the existing severe steering maneuvers. This paper includes useful worst case scenarios based upon the existing worst case scenarios mentioned above and worst case evaluation for the vehicle dynamic controller in a simulation basis and UCC HILS. The only human steering angle was selected as a design parameter here and optimized to maximize the index function to be expressed in terms of both yaw rate and side slip angle. The obtained scenarios were enough to generate the worst case scenario to meet NHTSA worst case definition. It has been concluded that the new procedure in this paper is adequate to create other feasible worst case scenarios for a vehicle dynamic control system.     

Nähere Untersuchungen zur stationären Kurvenfahrt von Einspurfahrzeugen

Detailed Investigations of the Steady State Turning of Single Track Vehicles

In the paper the steady state turning of single track vehicles on a horizontal, even road is investigated, supposing the air to be at rest. The vehicle model used has six degrees of freedom: rolling, yawing, pitching and bouncing of the vehicle, rotation of the front wheel system (steering) relatively to the main frame and distortion of the rear wheel system due to limited stiffness of its linkage, and also takes into account wind drag and gyroscopic effects generated by wheels and other vehicle components. A special importance is given to the geometry of the vehicle

The results show a comparison of two types of motorcycles with different geometries and tires. To characterize the vehicle behaviour the roll, side slip and steering angle as functions of the normal acceleration are used. A more detailed study in respect to the steering torque is added.     

Integrated control of brake pressure and rear-wheel steering to improve lateral stability with fuzzy logic

This study introduces an integrated dynamic control with steering (IDCS) system to improve vehicle handling and stability under severe driving conditions. It integrates an active rear-wheel steering control system and a direct yawmoment control system with fuzzy logic. Direct yaw-moment control is achieved by modifying the optimal slip of the front outer wheel. An 8-degree-of-freedom vehicle model was used to evaluate the proposed IDCS for various road conditions and driving inputs. The results show that the yaw rate tracked the reference yaw rate and that the body slip angle was reduced when the IDCS was employed, thereby increasing the controllability and stability of the vehicle on slippery roads. The IDCS system reduced the deviation from the center line for a vehicle running on a split m road.     

Estimation of Road Bank Angle and Vehicle Side Slip Angle Using Bayesian Tracking and Kalman Filter Approach

A lateral acceleration is considered to be a significant sensor signal for an estimation of a side slip angle. Due to the fact that a characteristic of a lateral G sensor, the sensor has a technical issue when a road bank angle has presented. In order to resolve the issue, this paper describes a novel method for the real time estimation of a vehicle side slip angle and a road bank angle simultaneously. A Bayesian tracking approach is used to estimate the road bank angle by comparing a measured lateral acceleration with the calculated one in the case of various angle. A Kalman Filter has been implemented through bicycle model using vehicle roll angle, road bank angle and angular velocity of side slip angle. The performance of the proposed estimation method has been evaluated via vehicle tests on a real road.     

Integrated Control of Active Rear Wheel Steering and Direct Yaw Moment Control

An integrated control system of active rear wheel steering (4WS) and direct yaw moment control (DYC) is presented in this paper. Because of the tire nonlinearity that is mainly due to the saturation of cornering forces, vehicle handling performance is improved but limited to a certain extent only by steering control. Direct yaw moment control using braking and/or driving forces is effective not only in linear but also nonlinear ranges of tire friction circle. The proposed control system is a model matching controller which makes the vehicle follow the desired dynamic model by the state feedback of both yaw rate and side slip angle. Various computer simulations are carried out and show that vehicle handling performance is much improved by the integrated control system.     

Integrated Control of Active Rear Wheel Steering and Direct Yaw Moment Control

SUMMARY

An integrated control system of active rear wheel steering (4WS) and direct yaw moment control (DYC) is presented in this paper. Because of the tire nonlinearity that is mainly due to the saturation of cornering forces, vehicle handling performance is improved but limited to a certain extent only by steering control. Direct yaw moment control using braking and/or driving forces is effective not only in linear but also nonlinear ranges of tire friction circle. The proposed control system is a model matching controller which makes the vehicle follow the desired dynamic model by the state feedback of both yaw rate and side slip angle. Various computer simulations are carried out and show that vehicle handling performance is much improved by the integrated control system.