考虑颤振效应的超大型集装箱船极限强度

砰击颤振会威胁船体的总纵强度,本文先依据海况对响应贡献率最大的原则确定计算海况,然后计算得到一艘超大型集装箱船的波浪载荷时历,并采用Weibull、Gumbel以及GEV(Generalized Extreme Value distribution)分布拟合得到载荷短期极值沿船长的分布且校核了目标船的极限强度。本文通过短期极值Weibull、Gumbel分布拟合的结果与载荷的规范计算结果对比,发现有必要在考虑砰击颤振效应下利用波浪载荷直接预报结果校核目标船结构强度。     

恶劣海况下船体波浪载荷的统计推断

介绍恶劣海况下船体波浪载荷（包括波浪和合成弯矩）统计推断的计算方法,并以某一高速排水型船舶作为算例进行计算。首先,按30 min短期海况估算该船的船舯波浪弯矩、砰击弯矩和合成弯矩统计特征值并与测量结果进行比较;其次按4 h海浪稳定假设,给出统计推断;最后,对巨浪海况完成算例船舶的波浪弯矩和合成弯矩的统计推断,并简要分析船体的总纵强度。     

考虑颤振效应的超大型集装箱船极限强度

砰击颤振会威胁船体的总纵强度。依据海况对响应贡献率最大的原则确定计算海况,而后计算得出某超大型集装箱船的波浪载荷时历,并采用Weibull、Gumbel及GEV分布拟合得到载荷短期极值沿船长的分布且校核目标船的极限强度。将短期极值Weibull、Gumbel分布拟合的结果与载荷的规范计算结果进行对比,研究表明,有必要在考虑砰击颤振效应的工况下,利用波浪载荷直接预报结果校核目标船的结构强度,为后续研究提供参考。     

船舶总纵极限强度可靠性分析

船体梁的总纵弯曲失效是船舶最严重的破坏事件.本文引入随机过程理论,确定表征船舶总纵弯曲载荷和强度各随机变量的概率分布及统计特征.针对船体梁总纵弯曲的失效模式,利用JC法、复合形法及MonteCarlo法对船体结构强度进行可靠性分析,并对结果进行对比分析,都较好地满足了精度要求,为船舶总纵强度可靠性分析提供理论依据.     

基于余度概念的受损船体总纵剩余强度预报

基于作者提出的结构余度概率衡准，并通过对船体构件损伤模型与船体总纵强度可靠性计算模型的讨论，本文建立了一个合理而筒便的受损船体总纵剩余强度预报方法。     

一种快速计算随机变量函数均值与标准差的新方法

船舶全海域大型化是一个发展趋势,因此船舶总纵极限强度可靠性计算中需要将极端波浪的影响参数考虑在内。一般的载荷计算方法并没有考虑极端海况中出现的特殊波浪载荷的影响;另外对于可靠性分析,极端载荷是更为复杂的随机变量,一般的船舶可靠性计算方法因为局限于某种特定分布,可能出现无法适用的问题。选取极端海况中上浪、砰击和大幅纵摇等对船舶总纵波浪弯矩有较大影响的因素,从航行界限的角度出发,将这些因素引入极端波浪弯矩的计算中,所得极端波浪海况下的波浪弯矩极值数据比常规波浪弯矩极值更大。参考实验数据表明,考虑极端波浪海况的波浪弯矩计算方法能在一定程度上更加真实地反映船舶所受波浪载荷;其次通过考察不同可靠性计算方法的特点,利用实例计算,给出极端海况下船舶总纵极限强度可靠性计算方法的选取建议。     

极端海况下船舶总纵极限强度可靠性计算方法

船舶全海域大型化是一个发展趋势,因此船舶总纵极限强度可靠性计算中需要将极端波浪的影响参数考虑在内。一般的载荷计算方法并没有考虑极端海况中出现的特殊波浪载荷的影响;另外对于可靠性分析,极端载荷是更为复杂的随机变量,一般的船舶可靠性计算方法因为局限于某种特定分布,可能出现无法适用的问题。选取极端海况中上浪、砰击和大幅纵摇等对船舶总纵波浪弯矩有较大影响的因素,从航行界限的角度出发,将这些因素引入极端波浪弯矩的计算中,所得极端波浪海况下的波浪弯矩极值数据比常规波浪弯矩极值更大。参考实验数据表明,考虑极端波浪海况的波浪弯矩计算方法能在一定程度上更加真实地反映船舶所受波浪载荷;其次通过考察不同可靠性计算方法的特点,利用实例计算,给出极端海况下船舶总纵极限强度可靠性计算方法的选取建议。     

考虑腐蚀与疲劳损伤的船体总纵极限强度与可靠性分析

本文定量考虑了腐蚀与疲劳两类损伤对船体结构随时间变化的情况,并建立了船体总纵极限强度与时变可靠性的计算方法。对一条实船的分析说明,腐蚀和疲劳损伤虽然短时间内的破坏并不显著,但积累到一定程度,对船体结构的影响相当大。采用可靠性评估的方法,对船体总纵强度的安全水平可作出合理的评价。     

基于船体结构总纵极限强度的可靠性分析

本文基于船体结构总纵极限强度失效模式，采用进行的一阶二次矩法和蒙特卡洛法，建立了船体结构总纵极限强度时变可靠性评估方法和评估程度。具体分析了某大型油船在全寿期内由于海水腐蚀船体结构极限强度可靠性的变化情况，系列计算结果表明，如果仅考虑海水腐蚀的影响，在某一使役期附近（本文算例结果为13－15年），船体结构因总纵极限强度不够而失效的可能性最大，因此，在使役期之前，船体 检测和维修是必要的。     

关于船体总纵强度计算的探讨

重点论述了船体总纵强度计算，船体构件总纵弯曲应力与许用应力的关系。按极限弯矩校核船体总纵强度时，要合理地确定船体结构的安全系数。计算动力弯矩应确定舰船在光涛中迎浪航和的航速和波高，并将计算结果绘出安全航行图，以便确定设计的舰船在无限航区航行的允许航速和波高。     

复合材料船体纵向极限强度可靠性分析

把船体甲板或船底板结构视为是一系列加筋板单元的组合，然后利用复合材料梁柱理论计算船体加筋板单元构件的极限承载能力，最后用Smith法计算复合材料船体的极限承载能力。由于复合材料船体纵向极限强度的极限状态方程不能简单地用船体各参数显式表达，故将近年发展起来的响应面法与JC法相结合，对复合材料船体纵向极限强度进行了可靠性分析。并讨论了影响船体纵向极限强度可靠性各变量的敏感性。     

Design safety margin of a 10,000 TEU container ship through ultimate hull girder load combination analysis

Assessment of the ultimate longitudinal strength of hull girders under combined waveloads can be of particular importance especially for ships with large deck openings and low torsional rigidity. In such cases the horizontal and torsional moments may approach or exceed the vertical bending moment when a vessel progresses in oblique seas. This paper presents a direct calculation methodology for the evaluation of the ultimate strength of a 10,000 TEU container ship by considering the combined effects of structural non-linearities and steady state wave induced dynamic loads on a mid ship section cargo hold. The strength is evaluated deterministically using non-linear nite element analysis. The design extreme values of principal global wave-induced load components and their combinations in irregular seaways are predicted using a cross-spectral method together with short-term and long-term statistical formulations. Consequently, the margin of safety between the ultimate capacity and the maximum expected moment is established.     

Reliability analysis of a bulk carrier in ultimate limit state under combined global and local loads in the hogging and alternate hold loading condition

The alternate hold still-water loading in hogging combined with wave loading is critical for the safe design of bulk carriers. The ultimate longitudinal strength of the hull girder of bulk carriers in this condition has been found to be considerably reduced by the action of local lateral pressure loads. In the present paper, an interaction equation based on the ultimate hull girder strength assessment obtained by nonlinear finite element analyses is adopted to consider the relationship between ultimate longitudinal bending capacity and average external sea pressure over the bottom. This interaction equation is used as the basis for the failure function. The annual probability of failure is obtained by FORM analysis considering two typical load cases, namely, pure longitudinal hogging bending moment and combined global hogging bending moment and local lateral pressure loads. The effect of heavy weather avoidance on the failure probability is evaluated. The results show that the local lateral pressure has a significant influence on the annual probability of failure of bulk carriers in the hogging and alternate hold loading condition.     

纵向弯矩下材料随机特性对复合材料船体可靠性的影响

The effects of stochastic characteristics of materials on the reliability of ship hulls made of composite materials under longitudinal moment were extensively studied using reliability and sensitivity calculations of a composite ship hull which was sagging.The reliability indices and failure probabilities of the ship in three kinds of failure modes (buckling,material failure,and ultimate collapse) were calculated by the surface response method and JC method.The importance factors of random variables in stochastic models,such as the model errors in predicting the ultimate longitudinal strength of ship and the longitudinal bending moment that the ship withstands,as well as the stochastic characteristics of materials in the models used,were calculated.Then,the effects of these random variables,including the stochastic characteristics of materials on the reliability index and the failure probability of ships which were sagging,were discussed with their importance factors.The results show that the effects of stochastic characteristics of materials on the reliability of ship hulls made of composite materials should be considered during the reliability assessment of composite ships.Finally,some conclusions and recommendations were given for high-speed ship design and safety assessment.     

主体瘦长度对三体船耐波性和波浪载荷的影响

针对某千吨级三体船母型船,在保持排水量不变的前提下,调查长宽比对运动和载荷的影响,并通过船型变换得到长宽比在12～19之间的6种系列派生船型;应用三维时域Rankine方法软件WASIM对不同长宽比系列船体的纵向运动和波浪载荷进行频响计算,并进一步结合海浪谱分别计算4～6级海况下船体纵摇和升沉运动统计值以及船体剖面弯矩和剪力沿船长单位的分布。分析发现,当主体长宽比从12.27增加至19.16时,纵摇和升沉的最大峰值分别下降了近60%和35%,但剪力和弯矩的峰值则分别增大了2倍和3.5倍。进一步将直接计算的总纵弯矩和剪力与英国劳氏规范相比较,发现6级海况下剖面剪力有义值的计算结果已超过规范的规定。结果表明：主船体的长宽比对耐波性和波浪载荷具有相反的影响,即主体越瘦长,运动响应越小,耐波性越好;但主体越瘦长,总纵弯矩和剪力会大幅增加,对船体结构产生不利影响。因此,在设计之初确定瘦长三体船的主尺度,特别是瘦长度时,应兼顾考虑船体运动响应与波浪载荷的影响。     

Assessment of IACS-CSR implicit safety levels for buckling strength of stiffened panels for double hull tankers

The present study aims at applying structural reliability methods to assess the implicit safety levels of the buckling strength requirements for longitudinal stiffened panels implemented in the IACS Common Structural Rules (CSR) for double hull oil tankers. The buckling strength requirements considered are used in the initial stage of the hull girder scantlings’ design to control the buckling capacity of longitudinal stiffened panels subjected to the compressive loads induced by the hull girder vertical bending. The following buckling collapse failure modes are explicitly considered in the design formulation: uniaxial buckling of the plating between stiffeners, column buckling of stiffeners with attached plating and lateral-torsional buckling or tripping of stiffeners.The paper presents the procedure used to assess the implicit safety levels of the strength requirements for the three buckling collapse failure modes above mentioned, which includes the optimization of the scantlings of the plate panels and longitudinal stiffeners in order to reflect the minimum strength required by the formulation. A first order reliability formulation is adopted, and stochastic models proposed in the literature are used to quantify the uncertainty in the relevant design variables. A sample of five oil tankers representative of the range of application of the IACS-CSR design rules is considered. The effect of corrosion in the implicit safety levels is quantified based on the three corrosion levels of the Net Thickness Approach (NTA) adopted in the design rules. Sensitivity analyses are also performed to quantify the relative contribution or importance of each design random variable to the implicit safety levels.     

计及水-空气-结构耦合的结构砰击载荷预报方法研究

船舶在恶劣海况下航行时,船体与波浪之间会发生剧烈的砰击现象,严重时会造成船体局部结构损坏或降低船舶总纵强度。随着工业技术的革新和海洋资源开发的需要,当代船舶不断向高速化和大型化发展,船舶发生砰击现象的概率也越来越高。开展结构砰击特性研究,准确地预报结构物的砰击载荷,对船舶航行和人员安全有重要的意义。本文基于水动力学软件 Fine/Marine,建立水域-空气域-结构耦合的分析模型,对楔形结构的砰击特性进行数值仿真分析,并研究不同斜升角及不同入水速度对砰击载荷的影响。     

海船结构的总纵强度可靠性分析

本文在研究船舶结构总纵度强度的外载荷和结构能力的概率模型的基础上,应用结构可靠性原理中的全概率法和改进的一阶二次矩法编制了计算程序。通过对5艘实船的计算,分析了这些船舶的实际安全水平,特别,根据ZC规范要求的最小强度的最大载荷作了可靠性分析,得出了这5艘船的最低安全水平。在改进的一阶二次矩法计算的基础上,给出一种与传统的确定性设计方法形式相似但比其更为精确的安全设计条件及其相应的强度减小因子和载荷放大因子计算方法,供结构直接设计强度校核所用。     

核发电船堆舱破损状态极限强度分析

对于核发电船而言,考虑到核反应堆的安全性问题,船体结构即使发生破坏,也要保证整体的强度,所以有必要针对破损后的船体梁进行极限强度分析。在船体剩余极限强度分析中,核反应堆舱所处舱段的极限承载能力是整个核发电船极限强度分析的关键。文章研究的重点集中在核反应堆舱段,在该舱段选取危险剖面进行剩余极限强度分析。同时,采用中和轴偏转的Smith方法对反应堆舱段进行破损船体极限强度计算,并结合HCSR规范对其进行评估。根据该核电船作业海域的海况资料,对其遭遇的波浪载荷进行长期极值预报,进而得出该船破损情况下的设计极限弯矩。结果表明,该船的设计极限弯矩满足规范中的要求,为基于规范的特定海域中的特定船型剩余强度评估提供参考。