国内外内河航道整治工程护面块体稳定性计算对比

水流冲刷作用下整治建筑物护面块体的稳定性计算是内河航道整治工程设计的重要组成部分。随着国内设计企业参与海外工程越来越多,设计人员掌握国内外工程中常用的不同标准和计算方法尤为重要。介绍了国外工程中常用的Pilarczyk方法、英国水力研究院推荐的Escarameia and May方法、美国标准Maynord方法以及国内《航道工程设计规范》和《堤防工程设计规范》中的设计方法。通过对比,总结梳理各种计算方法的差异性,并通过工程实例进一步验证。结果表明,中国规范操作相对简单,但考虑的影响因素较少;国外常用方法考虑更为全面,适用范围更广,但计算过程相对复杂。     

国内外港口工程水位确定方法对比

按照国内港口工程规范工程水位计算的要求,需要使用长短期实测水位资料。而海外工程项目实测数据匮乏,资料深度不满足工程水位的计算要求。以埃及苏赫纳项目为依托,对港口工程水位进行计算,阐明国内外港口工程水位计算方法的异同。     

国内外斜坡式海堤平均越浪量计算方法的对比分析

介绍了国外常用的EurOtop(2007)中平均越浪量的计算方法,结合国内《海港水文规范》及国内专家学者提出的计算方法进行对比分析,并通过实际工程案例情况进行验证比较,得出了EurOtop(2007)中关于斜坡式海堤平均越浪量的计算方法考虑的影响因素更加全面、相对更具参考价值的结论。     

挤密砂桩在海洋接岸地基加固工程中的应用

砂桩法作为加固地基的一种有效方法,近10年来逐步在国内加固海洋接岸地基基础工程中得到应用.介绍软黏土地基中挤密砂桩加固的设计计算方法及部分工程实例,并根据工程实践提出一些设计计算方面的探讨性意见.     

强夯法在山区地基加固中的应用

强夯法作为加固地基的一种有效方法,近10年来逐步在国内地基基础工程中得到应用。文中介绍强夯法在山区地基加固的设计计算方法及工程实例,为类似工程提供参考。     

海港港池和回旋水域平面尺度研究

在分析港池和回旋水域平面尺度主要影响因素的基础上,对国内、外相关规范关于港池和回旋水域平面尺度的计算方法进行对比研究,并通过典型工程实例加以说明,对海外港口工程水域尺度的确定及拓宽国内海港工程水域尺度设计思路具有借鉴意义。     

挤密砂桩在海洋接岸地基加固工程中的应用

砂桩法作为加固地基的一种有效方法，近10年来逐步在国内加固海洋接岸地基基础工程中得到应用。介绍软黏土地基中挤密砂桩加固的设计计算方法及部分工程实例，并根据工程实践提出一些设计计算方面的探讨性意见。     

板桩码头前防冲刷计算方法研究

现行港工规范对于板桩码头前防冲刷计算规定不太完善,国外工程设计难于取信于人.鉴于此,结合国外专业论述及规范给出适合国外工程板桩码头前防冲刷计算的具体方法,并以实际工程作为算例,按照上述方法及国内规范规定方法进行计算对比,以此指出我国板桩码头防冲刷设计未考虑船舶引起的防冲刷的不足,建议对现行规范进行修编,与国际规范接轨.     

重力式码头基槽开挖及抛石基床设计优化

部分港口重力式码头存在深开挖、厚基床的现象,这导致基槽开挖及基床回填很大,不利于控制工程投资,国内在一些深开挖、厚基床的工程中,常以换填料的内摩擦角来控制换基槽开挖宽度,但方法并无明确理论依据。本文采用有限元软件Midas-GTS对重力式码头基床应力扩散进行有限元计算,并与规范计算进行对比分析,随后采用理论计算的方法对其进行验证。在此基础上对重力式码头基槽开挖及抛石基床进行了优化设计,可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

挤密砂桩复合地基非线性沉降的计算方法

港珠澳大桥工程是国内首次大规模采用高置换率挤密砂桩复合地基的工程,该复合地基的沉降变形计算方法经验性较强,计算结果往往差异较大,因此进行承压板边长为5.4 m的大型复合地基荷载试验以验证设计参数。采用双曲线模型对该荷载试验的荷载-沉降曲线进行拟合,建立考虑地基非线性变形的切线模量与附加应力之间的关系,验证切线模量法沉降计算方法的可行性。同时分别采用该方法和规范方法对复合地基在主体结构荷载作用下的地基沉降进行计算对比。结果表明,采用考虑地基非线性变形的切线模量法计算结果更接近实测值。     

港口散货堆场带式输送机减电机运行节能技术研究

港口煤炭、矿石等散货堆场用带式输送机经常在轻载下运行，输送机所需要的传动功率较低，出现严重的“大马拉小车”现象，导致其电动机能耗较高，系统功率因数较低。在分析研究堆场带式输送机减电机节能运行的关键技术的基础上，编制了输送机减电机运行计算软件，提出了堆场带式输送机减电机运行的合理建议。     

大型船舶系泊系统的动力响应研究

通过对大型船舶所受载荷情况的分析,采用静力分析方法结合国内、外有关的经典计算公式,对船舶所受的风载荷、流载荷和缆绳受力情况进行研究。结合具体工程案例,计算船舶的受力情况,以及在风、流作用下系泊时缆绳受力是否在允许的安全范围内,对该船的系泊安全和码头安全做出评价。     

Wave-in-deck loading on fixed steel jacket decks

For quite some years, wave-in-deck loading has been an issue of concern for engineers dealing with the performance of offshore structures. The topic is particularly relevant for reassessment of existing structures located in subsiding areas. One agrees that wave-in-deck loading is of dynamic nature, and that structural analyses should reflect this. There is, however, no general consensus on the size of the load and the shape of the load time history to be used for such analyses.In this paper focus has been on finding realistic load time histories for wave-in-deck loading on jacket platforms in the North Sea. A (normalised) time history shape and a simple expression to calculate a reference load (maximum load) to quantify the time history is presented.The presented ‘recipe’ for time histories is based on experimental data and is supported by results reported in the literature, comprising relevant computer simulations and model experiments of wave-in-deck loads on fixed offshore structures.The recommended load time history is intended for analyses where detailed information on the deck load for a given structure is unavailable, and where a simplified ‘rough-but-reasonable’ estimate can be accepted.     

基于NCEER法与建筑抗震设计规范法的砂土液化判别方法*

《建筑抗震设计规范》中建议的方法对深层地基土的判别结果偏于保守,NCEER法判别计算复杂,另外对深层地基土的判别也偏于不安全。对基于标准贯入击数的NCEER液化判别方法进行简化,推导了临界锤击数的表达式,并将其与规范法相结合,提出改进的简化临界锤击数计算方法。该计算方法仅与计算点深度与地下水位埋深有关,公式应用方便,便于工程人员掌握。     

The Impacts of Recreational Four-Wheel Driving on the Abundance of the Ghost Crab (Ocypode cordimanus) on a Subtropical Sandy Beach in SE Queensland

There is increasing concern regarding the impacts of recreational four-wheel driving (4WDing) on sandy beach environments. The ghost crab Ocypode cordimanus is a widely distributed Australian species that utilizes beaches and dunes for constructing burrows and for foraging. Comparisons of ghost crab abundances (using burrow counts) in areas “open” and “closed” to recreational 4WDing were conducted on exposed sandy beaches on North Stradbroke Island, off the coast of southeast Queensland. Beaches where recreational 4WD activity is present had significantly lower ghost crab abundances than beaches where it is absent. The most plausible reason for this difference in abundance is that ghost crabs are highly vulnerable to being crushed by beach traffic when feeding on the beach at night. To mitigate the impacts of recreational 4WDing on ghost crab population management intervention is needed. Possible changes to the management of recreational 4WD activity include the setting aside of areas free of recreational 4WD activity for the conservation of biodiversity, or a prohibition on driving on the beaches between dusk and dawn. There is also a need for a consistent and transparent approach in Queensland for quantifying and monitoring 4WD activity in sandy beach environments.     

On nonlinear ship waves and wave resistance calculations

A finite difference method based on the Euler equations is developed for computing ship waves and wave resistances. Time marching is carried out using a time-splitting fractional-step method. The second-order central difference is used to discretize the spatial differentials, while the convection terms are discretized by the QUICK scheme. A body- and free-surface-fitted grid system with a cell-centered stencil is used. A Poisson equation for the pressure increment at each time step is solved to enforce mass conservation. The method is validated by comparing the numerical results with the experimental data for a Wigley parabolic hull. The characteristics of ship waves, such as the wave profile along the hull, the wave pattern on the free surface, the pressure distribution on the hull surface, and the wave-making resistance are reasonably predicted. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Received for publication on Oct. 13, 1998; accepted on Jan. 20, 1999     

船用柴油机复杂零件数控编程技术研究

针对国内大型船用柴油机复杂零件数控编程技术的现状,分析了国内外数控编程技术的发展概况。结合船用柴油机复杂零件数控编程存在的问题,提出了将知识工程(KBE:Knowledge Based Engineering)应用于复杂零件数控编程的思想方法,开发了基于KBE的船用柴油机复杂零件数控编程系统。简介了研究的主要内容及系统特点,给出了基于KBE的数控编程系统体系结构和系统功能架构;简述了基于KBE的复杂零件数控编程系统的关键技术、研究成果和推广应用前景。     

海上风机基础防撞设计初探

从分析风机基础可能遭遇的船舶撞击的风险出发,提出了船舶撞击风机基础的概率计算方法。在此基础上提出通过防护成本和撞击损失的比较分析确定撞击标准的方法。进而提出了海上风机基础防撞设计的基本思路,并就风机基础防撞设计所涉及的船舶撞击力的计算方法和风机基础防撞设施的设计和使用进行了阐述。初步阐明了海上风机基础防撞标准的确定方法和海上风机基础防撞设计的思路,可供海上风机基础设计参考。     

Accelerated second-order hydrodynamic load calculation on semi-submersible floaters

A rapid method for calculation of second-order hydrodynamic wave loads on semi-submersible platforms is developed and validated against radiation–diffraction theory. The method is based on slender-body theory and builds on modal truncation of the quadratic transfer function (QTF). The semi-submersible floater is split into individual members and the existing theory for vertical cylindrical columns is extended to include the heave force. Further expressions for the surge, heave and pitch load on the horizontal pontoons are derived and implemented. The accuracy of the method is assessed by comparison to radiation–diffraction results using the Pinkster approximation. We find that the slender-body approximation for the column surge force is most accurate for small values of the diameter-to-draft ratio. For the three sea states considered, this error is below 10% for diameter-to-draft ratios less than 0.2.Error analysis is provided for the column heave and pitch and the pontoon loads. For all members, application of 128 modes in the QTF approximation is found sufficient to accurately represent the full slender-body QTF solution.Next, the first- and second-order loads on the full floater under different sea state conditions are compared to radiation–diffraction theory. With 128 modes, the second-order loads are obtained 2500 times faster than with conventional approaches with error levels of 22% for surge, 10% for pitch and zero error for heave. The surge error is discussed and linked to the small draft of the columns. The numerical efficiency of the method allows the consideration of second-order loads in the first stages of the design and optimisation of semi-submersible floaters.     

国际载重线公约中舷弧修正浅析

本文对国际载重线公约干舷修正中的舷弧修正进行了重点的解析，并结合实例进行了说明。