基于LQR的汽车横摆力矩控制研究

针对汽车极限工况稳定性控制问题,论文基于最优控制理论LQR进行了汽车横摆力矩控制研究.建立了整车七自由度动力学模型,设计了LQR附加横摆力矩控制算法.为了提高制动稳定性,相对于传统单轮制动研究了单侧两轮附加横摆力矩分配方法.最后选择增幅正弦转向低附着路面行驶工况对控制算法进行了验证.仿真结果表明所研究的控制算法能够有效提高汽车极限工况行驶稳定性.     

基于门限自调整的车辆主动横摆力矩PD控制策略研究

针对目前主动横摆力矩控制算法存在的问题,提出了基于门限自调整的PD控制算法,即利用逻辑门限值方法产生并调整PID控制器参数,并由PD算法产生车轮制动力矩实现车辆稳定控制.利用MATLAB/Simulink软件建立了该控制算法的仿真模型,分别在高附着路面和低附着路面进行了仿真分析.结果表明,该算法在各种工况下均能很好保持汽车稳定性.     

基于模糊PID的车辆横向稳定系统研究

通过分层控制思路搭建上层与下层控制器,设计基于横摆力矩控制的车轮横向稳定性控制算法。上层控制器以期望的横摆角速度和质心侧偏角为目标,采用模糊PID算法得到维持汽车稳定需要的横摆力矩,下层控制器根据需要的横摆力矩对单侧轮胎制动,从而增加乘用车极限工况下的稳定性。最后,搭建Matlab及Simulink仿真平台,利用CarSim软件对横向稳定策略进行验证,并选择典型试验工况仿真确定该策略能显著改善车辆的横向稳定性。     

基于横摆力矩的汽车稳定性控制策略

为提高车辆的横向稳定性,获得良好的操纵性能,利用ADAMS/car和MATLAB/simulink建立了以横摆角速度和质心侧偏角为控制变量的多级PID仿真模型,分别采用了单个车轮制动和单侧车轮制动产生附加横摆力矩的方式.通过蛇形试验验证了ESP控制器的有效性和对比了2种制动方式的控制效果.仿真试验表明：采用该ESP控制器可以很好地保持车辆的稳定性,采用单侧车轮制动产生附加横摆力矩的方式具有更快的控制速度和更好的控制效果.     

弯道路面车辆制动稳定性控制仿真研究

车辆在弯道路面行驶,由于离心力的作用,制动易导致车辆失去横向稳定性。本文分析了车辆弯道制动时ABS控制方法存在的不足,提出了车辆ABS与横摆力矩控制的协调控制策略。利用模糊控制原理设计了横摆力矩控制器,在车辆ABS的基础上,通过对车辆的横摆力矩控制和车轮滑移率的调节,实现了制动过程中对附加横摆力矩的动态调整,从而提高车辆在弯道路面上的制动稳定性,通过在低附着系数弯道路面上车辆制动力矩分配仿真验证了该控制方法的有效性。     

车辆自动驾驶系统纵向和横向运动综合控制

为提高车辆自动驾驶系统的运动性能,基于模糊逻辑和滑模控制理论设计了一种车辆纵向和横向运动综合控制系统。该控制系统通过对前轮转向角度、发动机节气门开度、制动液压及主动横摆力矩进行协调控制,使车辆能够以期望速度在理想道路轨迹上行驶,并提高车辆在行驶过程中的操纵稳定性。仿真结果表明:纵向和横向运动综合控制系统能够提高车辆在不同行驶工况下的跟踪性能和运动性能,在车辆自动驾驶过程中是有效的。     

基于主动制动的半挂汽车列车横摆稳定性控制

为研究半挂汽车列车在高速大转向等极限操作工况下的横摆稳定性控制问题,建立了14自由度的半挂汽车列车非线性仿真模型;提出了牵引车与半挂车独立直接横摆力矩控制的横摆稳定性控制方案,通过牵引车和半挂车车轮的合理选择和主动制动实现横摆控制;以跟踪参考模型的稳态横摆响应为目标,设计了PI横摆稳定性控制器,对牵引车和半挂车分别设计了目标制动车轮的选择决策规则。单移线操作仿真结果表明,基于主动制动的横摆力矩控制可有效改善极限工况下半挂汽车列车的横摆稳定性,牵引车与半挂车进行独立横摆控制可以减小制动车轮选择决策的复杂性,而获得较好的控制效果。     

基于自适应模糊PI的汽车直接摆力矩控制研究

针对汽车直接横摆力矩控制,论文研究了基于自适应模糊PI的控制方法。设计了基于自适应模糊PI的附加横摆力矩决策控制器和基于规则分配的制动力分配器。横摆力矩决策控制器根据汽车横摆角速度期望值和车辆状态决策出所需的附加横摆力矩,通过规则制动力分配方法进行主动差动制动实现,并采用Matlab/Simulink与CarSim联合仿真对控制方法进行仿真试验验证。结果表明:基于自适应模糊PI的横摆力矩控制方法相对于未控制能够使汽车较好地跟踪期望,有效提高汽车操纵稳定性。     

基于同侧车轮制动力优化分配的汽车稳定性控制

针对汽车复杂行驶工况下的稳定性问题,提出了基于同侧车轮制动力优化分配的汽车稳定性控制方法。整体控制分为上层横摆力矩控制与下层制动力优化分配两部分,上层横摆力矩控制以跟踪参考横摆响应为目标,输出保持车辆横向稳定性的修正横摆力矩;下层制动力优化分配采用最优化分配算法计算需要施加在各制动车轮上的制动力,实现上层横摆力矩控制器输出的修正横摆力矩。利用MATLAB/Simulink与Carsim联合仿真验证控制效果,结果表明,基于同侧车轮制动力优化分配的汽车稳定性控制在多种复杂运行工况下均能较好地跟踪汽车参考横摆响应,减小质心侧偏角,改善汽车的操纵稳定性。     

线控转向车辆前轮转角控制算法研究

以线性二自由度车辆模型为基础,以中性转向时的横摆角速度作为控制目标,提出了两种线控转向车辆前轮转角控制算法,即前馈补偿控制算法和横摆角速度反馈控制算法,并通过仿真试验对两种控制算法进行了研究。     

无人驾驶机器人车辆非线性模糊滑模车速控制

为了实现不同行驶工况下车速的精确、稳定控制,提出一种基于非线性干扰观测器的无人驾驶机器人车辆模糊滑模车速控制方法。考虑模型不确定性和外部干扰对车速控制的影响,建立车辆纵向动力学模型。通过分析无人驾驶机器人油门机械腿、制动机械腿的结构、机械腿操纵自动挡车辆踏板的运动,建立油门机械腿和制动机械腿的运动学模型。在此基础上,分别设计油门/制动切换控制器、油门模糊滑模控制器以及制动模糊滑模控制器,并进行控制系统的稳定性分析。油门/制动切换控制器以目标车速的导数为输入来进行油门与制动之间的切换控制。油门模糊滑模控制器和制动模糊滑模控制器以当前车速以及车速误差为输入,分别以油门机械腿直线电机位移和制动机械腿直线电机位移为输出来实现对油门与制动的控制。模糊滑模控制器中,为了减少控制抖振,滑模控制的反馈增益系数由模糊逻辑进行在线调节。模糊滑模控制器中的非线性干扰观测器用于估计和补偿无人驾驶机器人车辆的模型不确定性与外部干扰。仿真及试验结果对比分析表明：本文方法能够精确地估计和补偿无人驾驶机器人车辆的模型不确定性和外部干扰,避免了油门控制与制动控制之间的频繁切换,并实现了精确稳定的车速控制。     

Vehicle Dynamic Control for In-Wheel Electric Vehicles Via Temperature Consideration of Braking Systems

?Vehicle dynamic control (VDC) systems play an important role with regard to vehicle stability and safety when turning. VDC systems prevent vehicles from spinning or slipping when cornering sharply by controlling vehicle yaw moment, which is generated by braking forces. Thus, it is important to control braking forces depending on the driving conditions of the vehicle. The required yaw moment to stabilize a vehicle is calculated through optimal control and a combination of braking forces used to generate the calculated yaw moment. However, braking forces can change due to frictional coefficients being affected by variations in temperature. This can cause vehicles to experience stability problems due an improper yaw moment being applied to the vehicle. In this paper, a brake temperature estimator based on the finite different method (FDM) was proposed with a friction coefficient estimator in order to solve this problem. The developed braking characteristic estimation model was used to develop a VDC cooperative control algorithm using hydraulic braking and the regenerative braking of an in-wheel motor. Performance simulations of the developed cooperative control algorithm were performed through cosimulation with MATLAB/Simulink and CarSim. From the simulation results, it was verified that vehicle stability was ensured despite any changes in the braking characteristics due to brake temperatures.     

Fuzzy-logic applied to yaw moment control for vehicle stability

In this paper, we propose a new yaw moment control based on fuzzy logic to improve vehicle handling and stability. The advantages of fuzzy methods are their simplicity and their good performance in controlling non-linear systems. The developed controller generates the suitable yaw moment which is obtained from the difference of the brake forces between the front wheels so that the vehicle follows the target values of the yaw rate and the sideslip angle. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control method when the vehicle is subjected to different cornering steering manoeuvres such as change line and J-turn under different driving conditions (dry road and snow-covered).     

Fuzzy-logic applied to yaw moment control for vehicle stability

In this paper, we propose a new yaw moment control based on fuzzy logic to improve vehicle handling and stability. The advantages of fuzzy methods are their simplicity and their good performance in controlling non-linear systems. The developed controller generates the suitable yaw moment which is obtained from the difference of the brake forces between the front wheels so that the vehicle follows the target values of the yaw rate and the sideslip angle. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control method when the vehicle is subjected to different cornering steering manoeuvres such as change line and J-turn under different driving conditions (dry road and snow-covered).     

Self-tuning control algorithm design for vehicle adaptive cruise control system through real-time estimation of vehicle parameters and road grade

The main purpose of this paper is to design a self-tuning control algorithm for an adaptive cruise control (ACC) system that can adapt its behaviour to variations of vehicle dynamics and uncertain road grade. To this aim, short-time linear quadratic form (STLQF) estimation technique is developed so as to track simultaneously the trend of the time-varying parameters of vehicle longitudinal dynamics with a small delay. These parameters are vehicle mass, road grade and aerodynamic drag-area coefficient. Next, the values of estimated parameters are used to tune the throttle and brake control inputs and to regulate the throttle/brake switching logic that governs the throttle and brake switching. The performance of the designed STLQF-based self-tuning control (STLQF-STC) algorithm for ACC system is compared with the conventional method based on fixed control structure regarding the speed/distance tracking control modes. Simulation results show that the proposed control algorithm improves the performance of throttle and brake controllers, providing more comfort while travelling, enhancing driving safety and giving a satisfactory performance in the presence of different payloads and road grade variations.     

A novel vehicle dynamics stability control algorithm based on the hierarchical strategy with constrain of nonlinear tyre forces

Direct yaw moment control (DYC), which differentially brakes the wheels to produce a yaw moment for the vehicle stability in a steering process, is an important part of electric stability control system. In this field, most control methods utilise the active brake pressure with a feedback controller to adjust the braked wheel. However, the method might lead to a control delay or overshoot because of the lack of a quantitative project relationship between target values from the upper stability controller to the lower pressure controller. Meanwhile, the stability controller usually ignores the implementing ability of the tyre forces, which might be restrained by the combined-slip dynamics of the tyre. Therefore, a novel control algorithm of DYC based on the hierarchical control strategy is brought forward in this paper. As for the upper controller, a correctional linear quadratic regulator, which not only contains feedback control but also contains feed forward control, is introduced to deduce the object of the stability yaw moment in order to guarantee the yaw rate and side-slip angle stability. As for the medium and lower controller, the quantitative relationship between the vehicle stability object and the target tyre forces of controlled wheels is proposed to achieve smooth control performance based on a combined-slip tyre model. The simulations with the hardware-in-the-loop platform validate that the proposed algorithm can improve the stability of the vehicle effectively.     

Vehicle stability control system for enhancing steerabilty,lateral stability,and roll stability

The Vehicle stability control system is an active safety system designed to prevent accidents from occurring and to stabilize dynamic maneuvers of a vehicle by generating an artificial yaw moment using differential brakes. In this paper, in order to enhance vehicle steerability, lateral stability, and roll stability, each reference yaw rate is designed and combined into a target yaw rate depending on the driving situation. A yaw rate controller is designed to track the target yaw rate based on sliding mode control theory. To generate the total yaw moment required from the proposed yaw rate controller, each brake pressure is properly distributed with effective control wheel decision. Estimators are developed to identify the roll angle and body sideslip angle of a vehicle based on the simplified roll dynamics model and parameter adaptation approach. The performance of the proposed vehicle stability control system and estimation algorithms is verified with simulation results and experimental results.     

基于MPC的分布式驱动越野车辆原地转向控制研究

针对轮毂电机分布式驱动越野车辆在狭小空间快速机动的需求,设计了一种分层结构的原地转向控制策略。基于动力学原理分析了各轮载荷、附着条件对原地转向横摆速度的影响机理,并搭建原地转向运动学模型,上层采用模型预测控制算法设计原地转向理想轨迹以及期望的横摆角速度,开发基于PI滑模控制的横摆运动跟踪算法,通过补偿转向横摆力矩以提高方向角控制的鲁棒性和稳定性,下层以最优轮胎利用率为目标,设计二次规划算法优化分配各轮附加横摆力矩。dSPACE硬件在环测试结果表明,所提出的控制算法可在保证稳定性的前提下实现原地转向,大幅提高了车辆的转向机动性,在方向盘动态输入仿真中,车辆最大转弯半径为0.157 m,转向中心的最大偏移量为3.610 m;同时,驾驶员能对转向过程进行闭环控制,实现了原地转向过程中横摆速度的实时调节。     

AMT汽车起步过程节气门目标控制量的确定

根据电控机械自动变速汽车起步过程中,对不同目标油门踏板开度下传动系统冲击度的设计要求,提出一种新的节气门开度变化率目标控制量的求取方法.通过Matlab/Simulink仿真分析,建立了节气门开度变化率随目标油门踏板开度和离合器接合位移量而变化的目标控制数表.试验结果表明:所确定的节气门开度变化率目标控制数表,可有效地协调离合器接合速度与节气门开度之间的变化关系,较好地满足电控机械自动变速汽车的发动机局部恒转速起步控制策略的要求.