一位船长的航海经历

历时84天的西向环球航行 我以前做过杂货船的水手、三副、二副、大副和船长,后来又当过多用途货船和小型集装箱船的船长,最终成为一艘大型集装箱船的指挥者.比较典型的航程是多次参与一艘大型集装箱班轮历时84天的西向环球航行——从上海港出发,在上海港引航员引领下驶出长江口,开往东海;在中国香港、新加坡短暂停留后,穿越马六甲海峡,经印度洋、亚丁湾、红海,过苏伊士运河,一路挂靠热那亚、巴塞罗那、瓦伦西亚,而后出直布罗陀海峡,跨越北大西洋,停靠纽约、萨瓦那、迈阿密,穿越巴拿马运河后,继续西行,旁经墨西哥海岸,停靠长滩、西雅图、温哥华,最终横渡北太平洋,经津轻海峡,入日本海,回到上海的母港.     

象牙海岸：非洲PSC见闻

法国里昂是一个港口城市,主要出口粮食、钢材鑫哥特式的建筑,沿街的雕塑,男士含蓄的气质,女郎优美的身姿,让人流连忘返。我轮满载运往西非的小麦,顺着塞纳河缓缓出港,不拘一格的山岭依河而立,犹如梵高油画,扑朔迷离,虽目不暇接,仍全神贯注,谨慎驾驶,安全航行。穿过船只密集的英吉利海峡、跨过波涛汹涌的比斯开湾后,风开云散,顺风南下,告别了文明的西欧,驶往非洲。     

宁波船

宁波船是典型的浙船型海船,艏艉两头翘,适合海上穿浪航行,艉楼虽高,但体量也较小,以减少受风面积,艉部出虚艄.前桅更靠前,主桅也在中偏前.艏舷部有龙目,正视前方,舷墙有5～6个大方口,似为炮口,当时出海为防盗是需配带火铳的.舷墙与艉楼将台上均有手扶拦杆,四周环有五色旗,尾旗杆设于后部左舷,艉端中间设置大型艉灯.     

豪华邮轮设计流行趋势

豪华邮轮一直是造船界顶尖级的高附加值类船舶,欧洲各国专业制造商凭借对其艺术的独特理解,设计的繁杂,技术的先进以及装饰的奢华一直独占鳌头。目前,豪华邮轮发展趋势有两种,一种是越来越向大型化方面发展,船上的餐饮及娱乐设施一应俱全,符合年轻家庭的度假需求。另一种是走奢华路线,船舶尺度中等,但船上设施豪华,空间大,服务更加人性化,满足高端人士需求。同时,豪华邮轮在注重安全性能的环境下,对环保的要求也越来越严格。     

水手的眼泪

1941年12月7日,日本偷袭了美国夏威夷珍珠港,被击中的"亚利桑纳"号战舰的大火燃烧了两天,舰上共有1177人丧生,占珍珠港死亡总人数的一半,其中945人随沉船长眠海底。至今,仍有舰内油舱不时冒出的油花,在海面上静静地散开,当地人说那是水手的眼泪。70年后,中国海事局的"海巡31"轮出访美国夏威夷,我以此为题,随笔3篇,以追念此行,献给为出访活动作出贡献的人们。     

《寡人有疾》

《寡人有疾》一共有三个故事,第一个故事叫《诗人与医院》,讲唐朝诗人卢照邻,得了麻风病,遇到医圣孙思邈,虽然治不好病,但诗人信奉孙思邈的哲学;第二个故事叫《蒙古兵和瘟疫》,蒙古入侵开封之前,开封城里闹瘟疫,名医李东皋控制住了瘟疫,蒙古兵随后杀进了城;第三个故事的背景在民国时期,名字叫《父与子》,一个从美国留学回来的医生,用现代化的医     

这么近,那么远

这是一组始于清末、止于2000年的老照片,人事沧桑,时空穿越。这是一组无法核实所有拍摄者的姓名、身份的老照片,乃至有的照片的拍摄地点都无迹可考。但是,这组照片又是那么真实,那么生动,街道与建筑,渡船与码头,人物与表情,全景与片段,点点滴滴,胜于千言。在它们面前,历史很近,感觉很远。     

数据

2011年中国十大港口宁波—舟山港,6.91亿吨;上海港,6.2亿吨;天津港,4.51亿吨;广州港,4.29亿吨;苏州港,3.8亿吨;青岛港,3.75亿吨;大连港,3.38亿吨;唐山港,3.08亿吨;秦皇岛港,2.87亿吨;营口港,2.61亿吨。     

德国船东和银行要警惕来自亚洲的威胁——欧洲造船协会共同体主席Bernard Meyer

作为德国知名造船企业迈尔造船厂的掌门人,Meyer呼吁,目前,德国船东和银行特别要警惕来自亚洲,尤其是中国同行的威胁。他认为,应对这种威胁,需要海事界采取联合行动,从而避免重蹈造船企业的覆辙。几年前,中国曾宣布2015年成为全球最大的造船国家,现在已经做到了。同时,中国也已明确表示,希望在船舶配套、运力     

质量兴港、科技兴港、实干兴港把青岛港建设成太平洋西海岸运输枢纽和国际强港——青岛港务集团有限公司副总裁田广文访谈录

记者:田副总裁,您好。青岛港是个百年老港。近年来,更是迅速崛起,引人瞩目。但是,在我印象中,青岛港更多的是关起门来埋头苦干,与外界接触较少,因此,有一些神秘的感觉。这次,中国港口协会六届二次会员代表大会在青岛召开,我想借此机会对您进行一次采访,以揭开那层神秘的面纱,对     

船舶制造技术成熟度评估系统

在船舶制造中,技术成熟度的评估意识薄弱且缺少信息化手段。通过确定评估指标、设定权重,建立船舶制造技术成熟度评估系统,由系统计算成熟度的得分和等级,从总体设计、建造工艺、船厂建造资源能力、船舶研制定型后等方面进行评估。该系统可减少返工带来的时间成本、人力成本,提高船舶制造技术成熟度评估的科学性、准确性、可靠性、灵活性及效率。     

A Review of Whale-Watching and Whaling with Applications for the Caribbean

Whale-watching is a significant and growing tourism industry worldwide. Whaling has a long history and, although largely curtailed today, still occurs in a few countries around the world and in the Caribbean. Whaling has been labeled an incompatible activity with whale-watching because, in some cases, it reduces the number of whales available for use and changes whale behavior. Moreover, in some situations, whale-watching generates greater revenue than whaling, and whaling may detrimentally affect the larger tourism industry because of negative attitudes toward whaling by whale-watchers, other tourists, and host communities. This article examines the potential impacts of whaling on the whale-watching and tourism industries, and places these impacts in the Caribbean context. In doing so, the article outlines the history and current status of whale-watching in the Caribbean, outlines other potential constraints, and highlights the need for research about the impacts and roles of these industries. In the highly competitive global tourism industry, maintaining and nurturing a country's tourism image is critically important.     

面向复杂装备AR辅助维修的混合跟踪技术研究

装备维修是生产制造、作业运转的基础,特别是在船舶、航空等领域。由于在维修过程中装备结构复杂、维修人员经验技术不足和缺少直观维修手段导致容易导致维修效率低下和操作出错。因此,通过研究基于增强现实的装备维修方案,直观交互地进行维修作业,能够有效地提升维修的质量和效率。由于装备体型较大,结构复杂,给跟踪定位带来了新的困难,针对实际的工程需求,创新性地将主流方法进行结合,提出了多Marker和ORB-SLAM混合跟踪的方法。通过二次调整多Marker定位结果的动态权值,提高局部定位维修的精度和可靠性。分析比较现有的特征点算法,选择ORB-SLAM作为方案,实现全局的定位和导航,对维修过程给以指导,并设计开发装备诱导维修系统,为大型复杂设备地维修提供了通用解决方案。     

港口系统设备钢轨连接技术

港口系统设备一般外型尺寸和质量较大，多采用截面积较大的起重机钢轨作为行走轨道。根据港口系统设备使用特点和工程施工现场条件，结合码头和堆场结构，借鉴轻轨和重轨的无缝连接技术，对各种焊接工艺进行比较，分析钢轨的材料组成和焊接过程内部组织变化，推荐一种保证设备使用安全和操作人员舒适度、连接质量稳定、便于维护、操作简便、满足港口系统设备钢轨安装现场要求的连接方法和工艺,有助于实现工期目标，可推广应用于矿山、港口、电厂、码头及堆场等大质量机车或起重设备的钢轨连接。     

How much can public private partnership really do for urban transport in developing countries?

A few cities in some of the larger developing countries in Latin America and Asia have made increasing use of multi-year concessions or franchises, competitively awarded to private companies, for construction and operation of urban transport infrastructure and for provision of public transport services. In view of the strong prospective growth of developing-country cities with large transport needs, and the rise in the emerging economies of potential new sources of private capital, it is important to see how effective PPP has so far been in this area. The experience is analyzed principally by thorough comparative review of what has actually happened for some of the main users to date: Bogotá, Santiago, São Paulo, Seoul, and several cities in both China and India. Despite delays and mistakes that have been made in development of most of the projects, the overall results, already delivered and in prospect, are very positive and urban public transport is benefiting substantially, with significant side effects on poorer people's access to work and to services, air pollution levels and road accident rates. The widest and most important advantage of the PPP arrangements, as compared with more conventional short-term contracting, is found to be the innovations, technical and managerial, developed, and, in particular, the mutual capacity building of the countries' private and public sectors and their more effective interaction. The experience in the six countries covered suggests that other developing-country cities may be best assisted to develop sound urban transport PPPs more rapidly through provision of help on chosen items among 7 elements that have proved particularly crucial but sometimes weak in the projects reviewed: Civic consultation systems, Land-use/Transport strategic planning, Land/property market management, Monitoring systems, Progressive policies, Economic regulation, and Public institutional framework for PPPs.     

High-resolution surveys of the biogeochemistry of the New England shelfbreak front during Summer, 2002

We present the observations from a pair of field experiments at the New England shelfbreak front in June and August of 2002, each consisting of 14 cross-frontal surveys using the Lamont Pumping SeaSoar. Measurements of the front's physical, chemical, and bio-optical characteristics were made at high spatial and temporal resolution. The front, based on water-column hydrographic distributions, was found within a few km of the 200 m isobath during both cruises. We present here composite sections, based on averages of individual sections shifted in space to a common frontal location, of the cross-frontal distributions of these properties as a measure of the mean state of the front in both June and August. The observations show the familiar temperature, salinity, and density distributions of the summertime front, dominated by surface thermal heating. Nutrient and bio-optical distributions show the combined effects of water-mass exchange and biological processes. T, S, silicate, and phosphate distributions are suggestive of cross-frontal exchange of slope- and shelf waters, although transport mechanisms and pathways are not apparent. These properties, along with nitrate and optical measures of the suspended particle distributions, show vertical displacements of isopleths as the front is approached: property contours slope upwards toward the front from the shoreward side, and downwards toward the front from the seaward side. Again, actual water-movement pathways are not constrained by these suggestive patterns. Bio-optical distributions show elevated indicators of photosynthetic efficiency both seaward and shoreward of the front, but the front itself is a minimum in biomass. Accumulation of photosynthetic biomass appears to be controlled primarily by nitrate scarcity in waters within and above the pycnocline. At the base of the pycnocline, light limitation appears to be the controlling factor, although the base of the euphotic zone is deeper than the biomass maxima and the base of the pycnocline. Mechanisms explaining this phenomenon are unclear, but tenuous evidence suggests low stratification at the depth of the 1% light level may not allow phytoplankton to optimize for the low-light, high-nutrient conditions at depth. Cross-frontal differences in nutrient and bio-optical parameters, particularly in August, suggest distinct phytoplankton assemblages, and the presence of calcite-forming or nitrogen fixing groups to the community structure, especially in very shallow waters across the front and in pycnocline waters seaward of the front.     

防波堤及护岸越浪研究综述

近年来防波堤越浪方面的相关研究,分别在越浪影响因素、越浪量计算公式推导论证、越浪数值模拟与越浪量标准4个方面进行归纳总结.已有成果表明:1)越浪影响因素的研究多是集中于常规因素,包括波高周期,堤顶高程,坡肩宽度,护面块体,而对水流、风速、波浪谱以及水的性质等其他因素研究相对较少;2)越浪量计算公式研究中主要集中在影响越...     

Matching biological traits to environmental conditions in marine benthic ecosystems

The effects of variability in environmental conditions on species composition in benthic ecosystems are well established, but relatively little is known about how environmental variability relates to ecosystem functioning. Benthic invertebrate assemblages are heavily involved in the maintenance of ecological processes and investigation of the biological characteristics (traits) expressed in these assemblages can provide information about some aspects of functioning. The aim of this study was to establish and explore relationships between environmental variability and biological traits expressed in megafauna assemblages in two UK regions. Patterns of trait composition were matched to environmental conditions and subsets of variables best describing these patterns determined. The nature of the relationships were subsequently examined at two separate scales, both between and within the regions studied. Over the whole area, some traits related to size, longevity, reproduction, mobility, flexibility, feeding method, sociability and living habit were negatively correlated with salinity, sea surface temperature, annual temperature range and the level of fishing effort, and positively associated with fish taxon richness and shell content of the substratum. Between the two regions, reductions in temperature range and shell content were associated with infrequent relative occurrences of short-lived, moderately mobile, flexible, solitary, opportunistic, permanent-burrow dwelling fauna and those exhibiting reproductive strategies based on benthic development. Relationships between some traits and environmental conditions diverged within the two regions, with increases in fishing effort and shell content of the substratum being associated with low frequencies of occurrence of moderately mobile and moderately to highly flexible fauna within one region, but high frequencies in the other. These changes in trait composition have implications for ecosystem processes, with, for example, reductions in permanent-burrow dwellers within one of the regions potentially compromising the ability of the assemblages to process and store chemicals and waste products. However, the connections between environmental conditions and trait composition are complex and incorporate many factors. Experimental investigations will be necessary to determine the extent and consequences of these important relationships.     

广西沿海重力式码头病害分析

采用现场调查的方法,统计分析广西沿海重力式码头病害,主要有裂缝、水工结构附属设施病害、结构破损、不均匀沉降与位移、漏砂、基床淘刷等,讨论病害与泊位吨级、运营时间的关系以及病害的成因与危害,提出病害防治措施。     

三维航道GIS中大型场景的动态组织与可视化技术研究

三维可视化技术以其直观、逼真、实时、动态等特征,目前己成为港口、海岸、航道、运河等相关领域进行科学研究、工程设计、管理与决策的重要手段。文中在对基于该技术实现的天津港三维港区与航道信息管理系统进行简单介绍的基础上,重点研究了基于空间网格索引技术、Delaunay三角网技术与LOD技术的港口地面景观与地形模型的动态组织与管理,以及基于多线程技术和OpenGL的显示列表技术的子场景块与专题信息的实时读取与渲染,并对动态海洋、全景天空、水下地形仿真与漫游、交互操作与信息查询等作了深入探讨。实践表明,文中所开发的三维可视化系统中大数据量、复杂的场景对绘制的速度影响并不大,场景逼真度高,能进行实时操作与漫游,可以满足航道与港口三维可视化、空间分析与管理的需要。