锌氧化银电池电解液的研究

本文叙述了锌氧化银电池电解液的研究进展情况,并提出一些优化改进电解液的措施,进一步提高电池的电性能。     

锌银蓄电池研究进展

本文概述了锌银蓄电池的组成、性能,以及锌银蓄电池正极、负极、隔膜技术上的进步,理论上的研究.     

电动鱼雷用动力电源及其发展方向

本文对不同发展阶段的电动鱼雷和不同类型电雷的动力电源进行了分析,认为铝/氧化银电池是世界上已实用的先进的电雷动力电池,在近期以及今后相当一段时期内,铝/氧化银电池是电雷动力电源的发展方向.     

铝/氧化银电池任务可靠度评估方法

铝/氧化银电池是一种贮备型一次电池,其系统复杂、制造成本高,无法进行大量样本的可靠性试验。通过建立铝氧化银电池的可靠性模型,结合不同部件的特点,选择可靠性试验方法,综合评估其任务可靠度。     

在舰船上应用的锌银电池

本文介绍了在潜艇,深潜器,无人水下潜器（UUV）,自动水下潜器（AUV）,鱼雷,靶雷等舰船上使用的各种锌银电池规格和一些数据,锌银蓄电池在隔膜和锌电极上有明显改进,使蓄电池寿命有明显提高,虽然一些新的高能电池体系出现,在部分场合取代了锌银电池,但有关专家认为,至少在今后的20年内锌银电池将仍保持在舰船上应用的重要地位。     

锌氧化银电池注液激活系统仿真模拟

利用ANSYS Fluent软件对锌氧化银一次电池注液激活系统进行模拟分析,在三种不同特性的点火器匹配注液激活系统条件下,模拟计算各个阀门能否正常开启、开启时间以及开启的顺序。分析计算得出各个阀门开启的时间,能够很好的指导注液系统设计。     

深海充油压力补偿式银锌蓄电池系统的研究

根据总体设计的要求,在深潜器的研制中,采用深海充油压力补偿式银锌蓄电池系统作为能源装置。将大容量银锌蓄电池浸在绝缘油内,成箱放在深潜器耐压壳体外面,蓄电池要承受深海巨大的海水压力。采用这种方式要妥善地解决氢气排放、压力补偿、系统电气绝缘、水密贯穿和散热等问题,在技术上难度较大。本文介绍了该项研究的主要成果和结论。     

HuginⅡ号UUV用的碱性铝——过氧化氢动力源

1 引言1992-1993年,挪威国防研究所(FFI)研制了一艘用镁/溶解氧海水电池(SWB)为动力的AUV-Demo号无人深潜器(UUV).此深潜器由水面舰船通过声纳联系控制.高比能的SWB使1吨的深潜器可在4节速度下续航里程达1200海里.因为此电池体系的功率较低,所以深潜器上所载仪器设备的功率非常小.在给该深潜器找应用对象时,发现:无人深潜器(UUV)的潜在使用者对如此长的续航里程不感兴趣,而要求仪器设备的功率要比用SWB时的大.普通的蓄电池或是比能量低(如铅酸、镉镍蓄电池),或是价格高、寿命短(如锌-银蓄电池).     

锌银蓄电池负极化成的研究进展

本文叙述了锌银蓄电池试制过程中负极化成的研究进展情况,并提出一些优化改进该工艺流程的措施,进一步保证了由小批量试制到大批量试制工艺的顺利过渡,并提出一些有利于大量试制的合理化建议。     

船用相变蓄电池柜设计及仿真模拟

提出一种一体化的船用蓄电池柜设计方案.针对船用蓄电池的工作特性和工作环境,选择适合船用的相变材料,将其应用于蓄电池柜内的自适应性温控,解决当前船用蓄电池布置中存在的问题.利用专业的流体力学软件建立相应的凝固/融化模型,对船用蓄电池柜的储能放热过程进行数值模拟,并对结果进行分析,为船用相变蓄电池柜的设计提供重要的理论依据.     

丁坝群坝田与主流水沙交换与冲淤机理综述

丁坝群不同平面布置方案下坝田与主流间的泥沙交换和地形变化是长江口深水航道回淤机理及减淤措施研究的重要内容,但以往研究不多。坝田与主流的泥沙交换及地形变化与紊流结构及时均流场有关,即与坝田-主流主界面混合层的大尺度相干结构和坝田内时均大尺度环流有关。在出水丁坝和淹没丁坝情况下坝田与主流的质量交换系数变化不大,约为0. 02左右。坝田不存在悬沙的平衡剖面(Rouse分布),悬沙和底沙均存在指向坝田的净输沙。坝田淤积达到准平衡状态需要5～6 a,但基本上在前2 a就达到了平衡。     

Evolving the subspace of the three-dimensional multiscale ocean variability: Massachusetts Bay

A data and dynamics driven approach to estimate, decompose, organize and analyze the evolving three-dimensional variability of ocean fields is outlined. Variability refers here to the statistics of the differences between ocean states and a reference state. In general, these statistics evolve in time and space. For a first endeavor, the variability subspace defined by the dominant eigendecomposition of a normalized form of the variability covariance is evolved. A multiscale methodology for its initialization and forecast is outlined. It combines data and primitive equation dynamics within a Monte-Carlo approach.The methodology is applied to part of a multidisciplinary experiment that occurred in Massachusetts Bay in late summer and early fall of 1998. For a 4-day time period, the three-dimensional and multivariate properties of the variability standard deviations and dominant eigenvectors are studied. Two variability patterns are discussed in detail. One relates to a displacement of the Gulf of Maine coastal current offshore from Cape Ann, with the creation of adjacent mesoscale recirculation cells. The other relates to a Bay-wide coastal upwelling mode from Barnstable Harbor to Gloucester in response to strong southerly winds. Snapshots and tendencies of physical fields and trajectories of simulated Lagrangian drifters are employed to diagnose and illustrate the use of the dominant variability covariance. The variability subspace is shown to guide the dynamical analysis of the physical fields. For the stratified conditions, it is found that strong wind events can alter the structures of the buoyancy flow and that circulation features are more variable than previously described, on multiple scales. In several locations, the factors estimated to be important include some or all of the atmospheric and surface pressure forcings, and associated Ekman transports and downwelling/upwelling processes, the Coriolis force, the pressure force, inertia and mixing.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

Analytical and experimental study of free vibration of beams carrying multiple masses and springs

The structures in engineering can be simplified intoelastic beams with concentrated masses and elastic spring supports.Studying the law of vibration of the beams can be a help in guidingits design and avoiding resonance. Based on the Laplace transformmethod, the mode shape functions and the frequency equations ofthe beams in the typical boundary conditions are derived. Acantilever beam with a lumped mass and a spring is selected toobtain its natural frequencies and mode shape functions. Anexperiment was conducted in order to get the modal parameters ofthe beam based on the NExT-ERA method. By comparing theanalytical and experimental results, the effects of the locations ofthe mass and spring on the modal parameter are discussed. Thevariation of the natural frequencies was obtained with the changingstiffness coefficient and mass coefficient, respectively. The findingsprovide a reference for the vibration analysis methods and thelumped parameters layout design of elastic beams used inengineering.     

钢-混凝土箱型组合斜拉桥主梁混凝土收缩徐变分析

组合梁斜拉桥兼有混凝土和钢结构的优点,但作为两种材料的结合体,混凝土收缩徐变会引起组合截面的应力重分配,可能促使混凝土裂缝的提前出现或加速裂缝的扩展,从而降低结构的受力性能和耐久性。采用有限元方法分析了混凝土收缩徐变对组合梁斜拉桥主梁应力重分布的影响,并对混凝土的加载龄期的影响进行了参数分析。计算结果表明：混凝土加载龄期越早,组合截面的应力重分布越明显;混凝土收缩徐变对混凝土桥面板的应力影响不大,但对钢梁应力影响较为显著,钢梁的应力增量达到钢材容许应力的30%左右。     

船舶制造技术成熟度评估系统

在船舶制造中,技术成熟度的评估意识薄弱且缺少信息化手段。通过确定评估指标、设定权重,建立船舶制造技术成熟度评估系统,由系统计算成熟度的得分和等级,从总体设计、建造工艺、船厂建造资源能力、船舶研制定型后等方面进行评估。该系统可减少返工带来的时间成本、人力成本,提高船舶制造技术成熟度评估的科学性、准确性、可靠性、灵活性及效率。     

Formation of Denmark Strait overflow water and its hydro-chemical composition

The dense overflow across the Denmark Strait is investigated with hydrographic and hydro-chemical data and the water mass composition of the Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW) is determined by multivariate analysis. Hydrographical properties, the transient tracers CFC-11 and CFC-12, oxygen and nutrients are utilized for the water mass definitions. Distribution and characteristics of water masses north of Denmark Strait are described, the important water masses at the sill and the variability on weekly time-scales are discussed, and the entrainment and mixing of water into the overflow plume in the northern Irminger Basin is calculated. The analysis indicates that water masses both from the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean are important for the formation of DSOW. It is found that water masses transported with the East Greenland Current make up about 75% of the overflow at the sill. The overflow at, and shortly south of, the sill is inhomogeneous with a low-salinity component dominated by Polar Intermediate Water. The high-salinity component of the overflow is mainly of Arctic origin. The water mass composition, and the short-term variability for 7 repeats of sections close to the sill are described, and these illustrate that the overflow is in fact a composite of a number of water masses with different formation and transport histories. This indicate that the overflow is a robust feature, but that it responds to variations in the circulation or atmospheric forcing that influences the formation of intermediate and deep water masses within the Arctic Mediterranean and the North Atlantic. At a section about 400 km south of the sill the overflow is well mixed and modified by entrainment of, mainly, Iceland–Scotland Overflow Water and Labrador Sea Water, together constituting 30% of the overflow plume. The entrainment of Middle Irminger Water dominates shortly downstream of the sill, before the overflow plume reaches too deep but the entrainment seems to be intermittent in time.     

船用五螺杆泵低噪声工艺技术

本文通过对现有的某船用五螺杆泵的频谱特征和振动特性进行分析,找出主要振动噪声源,通过改进进口流道面积,并对现有的螺杆加工工艺进行研究和优化改进,改进后的设计通过样机的制造,并经过试验对比分析,进一步验证方法的可行性和预期减振效果。     

高桩码头-岸坡相互作用有限元数值模拟

高桩码头-岸坡体系的相互作用机理一直是困扰工程界的难题。基于某突堤的现场勘察资料和土体参数,建立了高桩码头与岸坡相互作用的二维平面应变问题和三维空间问题的弹塑性有限元模型,采用与M ohr-Co lum n准则匹配的D rucker-P rager准则作为土的屈服准则,分析了桩基-岸坡体系的变形机理,同时,针对二维和三维情况各种工况组合进行了对比分析,并结合土体参数和现场测斜资料,分析了高桩码头-岸坡体系的变形规律,并指出了影响桩、梁和岸坡体系变形的主要因素,并建议了合理的治理方案。     

Estimation of natural frequencies and damping using dynamic field data from an offshore wind turbine

The dynamic characteristics of offshore wind turbines are heavily affected by environmental loads from wave and wind action and nonlinear soil behaviour. In the design of the monopile structures, the fatigue load due to wind and wave loading is one of the most important problems to consider. Since the fatigue damage is sensitive to the foundation stiffness and damping, increasing the accuracy of analysis tools used in the design and optimization process can improve the reliability of the structure and reduce conservatism, thereby leading to a more cost-efficient design. In this context, analysis of field data is important for calibrating and verifying purposes. This paper presents analysis of measured accelerations and strains from a wind farm in the North Sea with monopile foundations. Field data during idling conditions, collected over long periods of operation, are analysed and the natural frequencies are determined, and damping is estimated. The measured natural frequencies are compared to calculated values using an aero-servo-hydro-elastic code, showing a good agreement in the frequency range below 2 Hz. Variation of the natural frequencies with intensity of loading may indicate effect of soil nonlinearity on the overall OWT response. Since the first natural bending modes have the largest potential to mobilize soil reactions, they are of primary interest in this context. The effect of load (wave, wind and dynamic bending moment) on the first natural frequency is investigated using different analysis techniques in the frequency domain and time domain. A clear correlation between load level and first natural frequency is demonstrated. A simple nonlinear SSI model of the tower/soil system is employed to numerically investigate the observed changes in the measured first natural frequency with the level of loading and increased overall damping. The simulated results reproduce the general trends in the observed reduction in the first natural frequency and increased damping ratio with the load level. However, the effect of the load level is less than that observed in the measurements, indicating contribution also from other factors than soil nonlinearity.