基于小波网络的发动机瞬态工况进气流量动态辨识与预测研究

由于发动机进气系统具有复杂的非线性动态特性,因此构建了进气流量小波网络辨识与预测模型,并利用最小二乘法(DLS)对小波网络参数和预测控制率进行了学习和优化,以提高小波网络预测模型的可靠性和预测精度。作为对比建立了基于BP神经网络的预测模型,并利用瞬态工况试验数据分别对两种模型进行了仿真研究。结果表明,小波网络模型能有效地预测发动机瞬态工况进气流量,与BP神经网络预测模型相比,误差精度更高,可用于发动机瞬态工况空燃比的精确控制。     

基于粒子群优化和极限学习机的底盘测功机加载扭矩模型

汽车底盘测功机通过电涡流测功器产生加载扭矩模拟汽车行驶在道路上时所受到的阻力。针对电涡流测功器输出扭矩的非线性特性,提出采用极限学习机神经网络建立电涡流测功器输出扭矩模型的方法,并利用粒子群算法优化网络结构提高模型的准确性。仿真结果显示,模型的平均相对误差为1.3%。通过与BP神经网络模型相比较,极限学习机模型显示出了更高的准确性。     

PFI增压汽油机机油稀释试验研究

在一款1．0 L 气道喷射增压汽油机上研究了机油稀释的分布区域及其产生机理,发现机油稀释严重的区域主要集中在高速大负荷工况。通过对喷油器喷孔直径、喷油相位、VVT 动作角、空燃比、水泵流量、机油冷却器散热量、曲轴箱强制通风系统 PCV 阀补气量等相关特性参数的调整验证,发现喷油相位靠后、空燃比过浓是机油稀释严重的主要原因,水泵流量、PCV 阀补气量、VVT 动作角、机油冷却器散热量对机油稀释也有一定的影响,喷油器喷孔直径的变化对机油稀释无影响。最终在该款发动机上综合采用优化喷油相位、水泵流量、PCV 阀补气量、机油冷却器散热量的措施,最大机油稀释水平控制在5％以下。     

CS优化BP神经网络的高速公路流量预测

随着高速公路交通控制和出行诱导需求的日益增加,对高速公路交通流量的预测提出了更高的要求。为了提高预测的精度,提出了改进的布谷鸟搜索(cuckoo search,CS)算法优化BP神经网络的高速公路流量预测模型(Weighted value of T dynamic disturbance CS-BP,WTCS-BP)。利用高速观测站的信息采集系统收集车流量信息;离散为时间序列,构建学习样本;利用BP神经网络对采集的样本进行训练,并采用改进的CS算法对网络参数进行优化;建立高速公路交通流量的预测模型。最后通过仿真实验进行测试。结果表明,该模型的拟合度较其他对比模型更接近实际流量。提高了预测的准确性,对高速公路出行起到有效的指导作用。     

基于BP神经网络的高速公路动态交通流预测

以高速公路交通流预测为研究对象,建立了基于BP神经网络的参数动态修复交通流预测模型。以高速公路宏观动态交通流模型为原型,利用分段辨识法分析了高速公路交通流特性。对BP神经网络层数和神经元的确定,以及转移函数的优化选择进行了深入研究,并给出了基于BP神经网络交通流预测模型的建模方法。对西宝(西安-宝鸡)高速公路交通流实时数据进行了采集、建模和仿真。通过仿真结果与实际结果比较,验证了该模型具有较高的可信度。     

基于BP-PID控制器的盾构液压推进控制系统研究

为解决盾构在复杂地层施工时推进速度和压力难以控制的问题,在压力流量控制的基础上提出BP神经网络控制策略。通过AMESim建立推进系统物理模型,并利用Simulink设计出BP神经网络控制器,最后对系统进行联合仿真,分析推进系统液压缸在变流量和变负载工况下推进速度和压力的响应特性。仿真结果表明:该控制策略与常规PID控制相比,波动幅度降低,调节时间快。采用BP神经网络PID控制能够有效地提高盾构在负载突变情况下速度和压力控制精度,稳定性好、适应能力强,为盾构控制系统设计和优化提供理论参考。     

汽车筒式减振器分段线性特性的建模与仿真

利用弹性力学原理,根据边界约束条件和阀片变形连续性条件,推导了减振器节流阀片在非均布压力下的变形解析计算式.根据节流阀片厚度、阀片预变形量和常通节流孔面积,利用速度、流量、压力和阀片变形之间的关系,求出了减振器初始开阀和最大开阀两个速度点.根据减振器开阀前、后的油路,利用开阀速度点和阀片变形解析计算式,建立了减振器分段线性特性的仿真模型.利用VC++编程工具,开发了减振器特性仿真软件.通过实例,对所设计的减振器进行了特性仿真,其结果与试验值很好吻合.表明所建立的减振器分段线性特性仿真模型是正确的,所开发的特性仿真软件是可靠的,对汽车减振器设计和特性分析具有一定应用价值.     

车用发动机机油冷却器流动的数值模拟研究

应用FLUENT软件对车用叉流板翅式机油冷却器两侧流体的流动进行了数值模拟,紊流模型采用标准的K ε湍流模型,翅片侧采用多孔介质模型进行简化。结果表明,油侧的流量分配比较均匀,而水侧很不均匀,为叉流板翅式机油冷却器的设计改进指明了方向。     

基于BP神经网络的居民出行方式选择模型

以城市居民出行方式选择行为作为研究对象,分析了影响出行方式选择行为的主要因素,利用BP神经网络可以自动获取研究对象的输入、输出间关系和较强的学习训练特性,建立了基于BP神经网络的居民出行方式选择模型,并通过2009年济南市居民出行调查数据对模型进行了实例分析。结果表明：BP神经网络模型能够较好地描述居民出行交通方式选择行为。     

2020年一汽奥迪A3 新技术剖析(二)

冷却系统工作状态如图7～图9所示. 在发动机冷启动时,主水泵是不起作用的,是由增压空气冷却泵V188来产生循环的.V188让冷却液流经低压废气再循环冷却器然后再流经暖风热交换器.回流是经过发动机机油冷却器的,该冷却器在这个时候的液流方向与正常时是相反的.缸盖内的循环可保证缸盖温度不至于达到沸腾.     

温度对DPF过滤参数影响的试验研究

柴油机颗粒捕集器(DPF)过滤参数研究对其再生时机的判断具有重要意义。基于外加热源再生台架,研究了过滤参数(压降及其与常温数据的比值、渗透率及其与常温数据的比值)随过滤温度的变化规律,同时考虑了流量和孔隙结构参数变化时的影响。结果表明:过滤温度升高,DPF压降及其比值近似线性增长,渗透率及其比值近似线性减小;线性拟合了压降及其比值、渗透率及其比值随温度的变化曲线,比较发现流量和孔隙结构参数对DPF压降和渗透率都具有一定影响,但对比值的影响较小。     

Pressure drop and heat transfer of catalyzed diesel particulate filters due to changes in soot loading and flow rate

When soot particles are loaded in a diesel particulate filter, it causes increase in back pressure of the exhaust system. To minimize this pressure drop due to DPF, the filter needs to be regenerated after a certain amount of soot has been accumulated. It is crucial to estimate the correct amount of soot that has been accumulated by measuring the differential pressure. It is also important to understand changes in pressure drop due to flow rate variations of the exhaust gas, since the pressure drop would be influenced by the exhaust flow rate as well as the amount of soot. Furthermore, the heat transfer characteristics of the catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF) are another major issue, as the filter is occasionally exposed to high temperature gas. This study presents the characteristics of pressure drop according to the variation of soot loading and the mass flow rate in CDPF. In addition, heat transfer characteristics in the filter was investigated when a high temperature gas flows into the CDPF. Tests were performed in several CDPF samples having varying amounts of catalyst coating. Experimental results indicate that rig-based experiments are useful in understanding the characteristics of pressure drop in the CDPF. In the cake filtration region, a pressure drop has a proportional relationship according to soot loading and mass flow rate. It was found that an increased catalyst coating may lead to enhanced convective heat transfer.     

气道稳流试验的变压差试验分析

用变压差试验方法测量了6108发动机缸盖进气道的流动特性。试验全过程不需要随时调节模拟气缸内的压差为恒定值。确定气门最大升程时模拟气缸内的初始压差后，就可采集试验中的流量和涡流转速等参数。随着气门升程变小，模拟缸内的压差自由增大。试验结果与恒压差试验相同，同样可以得到Ricardo和FEV计算方法的平均流量系数和涡流比。测量精度符合要求，操作程序简单可靠，易于实现气道稳流试验的全自动化。     

单扩张腔消声器流场特性与温度场研究

以某型船用排气消声器为研究对象,为改善流体阻力对船舶柴油机的功率影响及消声器表面热辐射造成的机舱通风的影响,对其单扩张腔消声器的阻力损失与表面温度场进行了详细的分析与研究。利用大型通用CFD流体计算软件对消声器的流体流动与表面温度场进行了分析计算,通过适当改变内部内插管的布置,可有效改善内部紊流流场,降低消声器的流动阻力;通过包覆一定厚度的隔热材料,可有效降低消声器表面温度,降低热辐射。     

Numerical and experimental investigation of lubricating oil flow in a gerotor pump

Gerotor pumps are widely used in the automotive industry for engine oil lubrication, due to their high volumetric efficiency and smooth pumping action. In many cases, the lubricating oil from the sump is mixed with contaminants, such as dust and tiny solid particles, or becomes thickened, due to aging. These problems will lead to critical situations, such as increased noise, enhanced wear and erosion, and poor lubrication of the engine. These critical situations were studied by conducting a detailed CFD integrated investigation on a gerotor pump’s performance at different operating conditions in three phases, and the results are presented in this paper. In first phase, a CFD model of a gerotor pump was developed with a dynamic mesh for the rotary movement of both the inner and outer rotors. The effects on pump flow rate of important parameters, such as rotor speed, fluid viscosity and number of ports, were simulated using non-contaminated oil at room temperature and an elevated temperature of 140oC. The relationship between flow rate and pressure at different rotor speeds was predicted and validated with test data for further parametric study. The pressure ripples at different time steps were measured at different angular positions of the rotors to examine the model accuracy. It was found that the flow rate increased and pressure pulsation, as well as flow recirculation, was reduced when ports were added to the cover plate. A suction pipe with a strainer was added for the second phase to capture the undesired changes in flow behavior, such as cavitation, which is caused by negative suction at the inlet region of pump. A suitable size for the inlet suction pipe for this pump was chosen after performing tests to characterize the flow behavior with single and double ports. Next, the relationship between pressure drop and strainer porosity was determined using different porosity values for the strainers. In the final phase, oil with different concentrations of solids was simulated to measure the effect of solid particles on flow rates and pressure losses. It was observed that the intensity of the recirculation was reduced at the suction end at the higher concentration of 0.04%, due to particle inertial effects. It was also found that particle size distribution affected the overall efficiency and pressure head of the pump.     

恒压式燃油系统压力波动特性研究

以高压共轨系统为研究对象,对其压力波动特性进行试验研究,分析了喷油过程中压力波动阶段,对各阶段以相应的波动特征参量进行表征;对由燃油压力和温度改变引起的波动特征参量变化进行研究,得到了压力波传播速度、喷油压降下降幅值、波动过程幅值、周期以及衰减时间的变化规律,并通过理论分析,解释了喷油过程压力下降幅值与燃油密度、压力波传播速度以及燃油流速的关系。     

变压差气道稳流试验台的应用

气道性能(涡流强度、流量系数)对发动机的动力性、经济性和排放有重要影响。气道稳流试验台是目前最常用的综合评价进气道流动特性的实验装置,根据测量方法的区别可分为变压差和定压差。其中变压差试验方法相对于传统的定压差试验,具有快捷、高效的特点,减少气道稳流试验中的调整气道压差为恒值的操作程序。本文基于TUST-101气道稳流试验台的实际应用,对比了2种试验方法的差异,并根据实际应用对试验台进行部分改进以提高精度。     

CFD技术在中冷器气室结构优化上的应用

以空冷式中冷器为研究对象,针对中冷器气室的内腔和内部加强筋做参数几何建模,运用CFD技术对几何模型进行内部流场的三维仿真模拟,计算中冷器内部的流动阻力损失和中冷器芯体里每一根扁管的流量,进而得到了整个中冷器的压力损失和流动平衡性.研究结果表明:中冷器气室内部加强筋无论如何布置都会对流体的流动起到阻碍作用,进而提高流动阻...     

Performance of air conditioners with a gas-liquid separation condenser and one-tank laminated evaporator

In this study, a parallel flow condenser and laminated evaporator for an automotive air-conditioning system were modified to improve performance. Gas-liquid separation type condensers, in which the condenser and receiver drier are integrated, and one-tank laminated type evaporators were developed, and their performances were investigated experimentally using HFC-134a. Heat transfer characteristics in the condenser are examined by means of air temperature, air velocity entering the condenser and inlet pressure of the refrigerant; heat transfer characteristics in the evaporator are examined by means of air temperature, relative humidity, flow rate of air, outlet pressure of refrigerant and superheat. Pressure drops for both evaporator and condenser are also measured, and correlations for pressure drop are derived for the condenser and evaporator, respectively. Air velocity and mass flow rate of the refrigerant have a significant effect on the overall heat transfer coefficient, and flow pass is not significantly influenced by the cooling capacity of the condenser. The overall heat transfer coefficient of the evaporator increases as air flow rate, air temperature and relative humidity increases.     

壁流式过滤体的流动阻力分析及再生效率研究

分析了工作中的壁流式过滤体的流动阻力,指出过滤过程中,当小孔壁面上的PM滤饼形成后,排气流经壁流式过滤体时的压力降低主要由过滤体小孔壁面、PM层、入口和出口小孔通道等4处的流动阻力产生,其中前两处的流动阻力起主要作用。给出了过滤体再生效率的两种定义,并分析了其差别,指出对相同结构的过滤体,可以用再生前后排气流经过滤体的压差计算其再生效率;对不同结构的过滤体用该定义评价再生效率时,应考虑由于过滤体自身结构参数的变化引起的再生效率的变化。