Long-term correlation structure of wave loads using simulation

This paper proposes a new method for combining the lifetime wave-induced sectional forces and moments that are acting on the ship structure. The method is based on load simulation and can be used to determine the exceedance probabilities of any linear and nonlinear long-term load combination. It can also be used to determine the long-term correlation structure between these loads in the form of the long-term correlation coefficients. They are essential part of the load combination procedures in design and strength evaluations as well as in the fatigue and reliability analysis of ship structures.The simulation method treats the non-stationary wave elevations during the ship’s entire life (long-term) as a sequence of different stationary Gaussian stochastic processes. It uses the rejection sampling technique for the sea state generation, depending on the ship’s current position and the season. Ship’s operational profile is then determined conditional on the current sea state and the ship’s position along its route. The sampling technique significantly reduces the number of sea state-operational profile combinations required for achieving the convergence of the long-term statistical properties of the loads. This technique can even be used in combination with the existing long-term methods in order to reduce the number of required weightings of the short-term CDFs. The simulation method does, however, rely on the assumption that the ship is a linear system, but no assumptions are needed regarding the short-term CDF of the load peaks.The load time series are simulated from the load spectra in each sea state, taking into account the effects of loading condition, heading, speed, seasonality, voluntary as well as involuntary speed reduction in severe sea states and the short-crested nature of the ocean waves. During the simulation procedure, special care has been given to maintaining the correct phase relation between all the loads. Therefore, time series of various load combinations, including the nonlinear ones, can be obtained and their correlation structure examined. The simulation time can be significantly reduced (to the order of minutes rather than hours and days) by introducing the seasonal variations of the ocean waves into a single voyage simulation. The estimate of the long-term correlation coefficient, obtained by simulating only a single voyage with the correct representation of seasonality, approaches the true correlation coefficient in probability. This method can be applied to any ship and any route, or multiple routes as long as the percentage of the ship’s total lifetime spent in each of them is known.A study has been conducted to investigate the effects of ship type, route and the longitudinal position of the loads on the values of the correlation coefficients between six different sectional loads; vertical, horizontal and twisting moments, as well as shear, horizontal and axial forces. Three ocean-going ship types have been considered; bulk carrier, containership and tanker, all navigating on one of the three busy ship routes; North America-Europe, Asia-North America and Asia-Europe. Finally, the correlation coefficient estimates have been calculated for five different positions along the ship’s length to investigate the longitudinal variation of the correlation coefficient.     

当前浮式平台船体结构分析的方法与重点综述

浮式平台概念的选择及其结构设计是深水工程项目的关键环节之一.它决定了平台在波浪载荷作用下的动力学响应、立管在深水条件下的运动以及进行平台建造与安装的技术难度等.结构强度、结构的抗疲劳性能以及结构的整体和局部稳定性能是浮式平台设计必须重点考虑的三个主要方面.总结了当前浮式平台设计的主要方法和它的主要任务以及技术要求,着重分析了设计过程中的主要技术难点及重点;最后,讨论了浮式平台结构设计的潜在发展趋势.     

500m3水库环保疏浚船模块化结构设计

针对水库环保疏浚挖深大、挖深变化大、船舶到达困难等技术难点,研发一种新型的环保疏浚船。该船的研发采用功能模块化、精巧化的设计理念,创新的浮箱连接组合装置,结合运用有限元直接计算手段,突破了现有拼装疏浚船的浮箱组合型式,既保证了船舶结构强度,又能以最小船舶尺度满足大挖深的需要,同时使船舶能够方便地装卸和通过陆路运输到达施工区域。     

半潜浮式风机的动力响应分析

OC4半潜浮式风机综合性能较好,但其浮式基础结构质量和结构复杂性使其建造成本高昂,而WindFloat半潜浮式风机浮式基础具有结构简单、建造成本低和减摇效果好等优点,但是适应水深较小且只适合特定海域。结合OC4和WindFloat半潜浮式风机浮式基础的结构特点,针对200 m水深环境设计OC4-WindFloat半潜浮式风机基础。基于叶素理论、莫里森公式和势流理论,通过有限元软件对OC4-WindFloat半潜浮式风机的固有周期及风浪联合作用下的动态响应进行耦合分析,并与OC4半潜浮式风机结果进行对比研究。结果显示,OC4-WindFloat半潜浮式风机固有周期及动态响应均满足相关规定,且具有比OC4更低的建造成本,相比WindFloat可适用更深的海域。研究结果对于浮式基础型式研究有一定的指导意义。     

低压多相永磁推进系统测量系统的设计与实现

本文分析了低压多相永磁推进系统的特点,讨论了测量系统的设计流程,采用自顶向下、模块化设计方法对低压多相永磁推进系统测量系统进行了方案设计;通过应用系统误差分配与综合理论结合监测点的选取与分布,完成了对传感器和数采设备的选型及综合变换仪等设备的具体技术实现;在系统搭建完毕后,对系统进行了计量。试验结果表明,此测量系统方案可行,实施有效,可靠性高,满足技术要求,具有一定的先进性。     

可监测性设计理论在船舶动力机械系统设计中的应用

船舶动力机械系统一旦出现故障直接威胁船舶安全,但是船舶服役后难以增加设备完善动力机械运行状态的监测。为此,提出了可监测性设计理论内涵,在常规船舶设计建造阶段考虑动力机械系统的可监测性,从而构建出可监测性设计理论在船舶动力机械系统设计中的工程应用框架。以远洋救助船动力机械系统为例,分析了可监测性设计理论在机械系统设计中的具体应用。实践证明,可监测性设计理论在船舶动力机械系统中的工程化实施增强了其可监测性,大大提高了自身状态监测和故障诊断能力水平,并且为船舶动力机械创新设计和机械系统的可再制造提供了保障和技术支撑。     

箱筒型基础结构气浮拖航的稳性计算

箱筒型结构是近年来开发成功的一种新型防波堤基础结构。为了探讨这种新型结构在拖航过种中的稳定性问题,进行了典型试验工程,并建立了气浮稳性分析计算方法。结果表明:基础箱筒气浮拖运与拼接上部结构后整体箱筒气浮拖运在技术、工艺、安全上都是可行的,所建立的气浮稳性分析和计算方法是合理的。     

浮式防波堤研究进展

浮式防波堤具有环保、经济和可移动的优点,但可靠性、消浪效果的制约同时存在,大部分研究集中在使其具有更好的消浪性能上.以单体型、双体型、柔性结构、上浮式和其他形式的浮式防波堤为主线总结其研究成果、手段及进展,归纳物理模型和数值模拟的手段研究各种浮式防波堤的水动力特性,并给出实际工程的案例,可为浮式防波堤的进一步研究探索提...     

3 000 t海上运架梁专用起重船结构设计

简要阐述了3 000 t海上运架梁专用起重船的结构设计难点以及通过以有限元计算解决常规设计所不能解决的难点。     

Slamming load on a very large floating structure with shallow draft

The objective of this paper is to estimate the slamming load acting on a pontoon-type very large floating structure with a shallow draft. Experiments were carried out using elastic models with different rigidities in regular waves. The results revealed that the slamming load was strongly influenced by the rigidity of the model. The conditions under which slamming occurs depended on the extent of the bottom emergence and the velocity of the relative wave height at the bow of the model. These results were related to a simple procedure for estimating slamming load.     

On the hydroelastic responses of a very large floating structure in waves

New numerical methods are presented for hydroelastic analyses of a very large floating structure (VLFS) of several kilometers length and width. Several methods are presented that accelerate computation without an appreciable loss of accuracy. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methods are validated through comparisons with other numerical results as well as with existing experimental results. After confirming the effectiveness of the methods presented, various characteristics of the hydroelastic behavior of VLFSs are examined, using the proposed methods as numerical tools. Received for publication on Dec. 3, 1999; accepted on Dec. 15, 1999     

相邻大型浮式箱形结构物运动响应的数值模拟

应用模态分析方法[1]数值模拟了两个相邻大型浮式箱形结构物在波浪上的水弹性运动响应.在数值模拟时,把结构物近似为弹性体.考虑到吃水相对比较小,计算时作为零吃水处理.文中的两个结构:一个是300米长、60米宽的矩形结构物,另一个则是由三个同样大小的矩形结构拼接而成的L形结构物.计算结果表明:如果把较小的矩形结构物放置在较大的L形结构物的下游,两个结构物相邻自由边之间的相对运动幅值远远小于放置在迎浪一侧时的幅值.     

超大型浮体柔性夹层连接器力学性能研究

考虑连接器作为超大型浮体最为薄弱的构件之一,研究带有柔性夹层连接器的力学特性,旨在明确柔性夹层对连接器的刚度和应力变化的影响.通过建立钢与柔性夹层的本构模型,采用接触力学分析手段,对连接器进行力学分析,分别获得超弹性橡胶和尼龙作为柔性夹层时连接器的力学特性和刚度变化曲线,并获得不同厚度,初始弹性模量和泊松比对这一结果的影响程度.分析发现,超弹性橡胶与尼龙对于连接器的应力大小具有显著影响,采用超弹性橡胶和尼龙夹层时,连接器的应力水平与应力分布也明显不同,同时材料参数的变化对于连接器的刚度变化影响较大.可根据实际需要,对柔性夹层材料进行参数优化,既得到合理的连接器刚度,又将连接器应力水平控制在合理范围内.     

3500t级浮船坞结构有限元结构强度计算

对3500t级浮船坞在3种极端工况下进行了有限元整船建模,并结合相关规范给出边界条件的施加方法和载荷计算方法,并对有限元计算结果进行了分析。     

潜艇浮筏隔振系统的半主动变结构控制

对带有电流变液智能阻尼器的双层浮筏隔振系统设计了一种半主动输出反馈变结构控制器。根据滑模运动方程稳定的 Hurwitz 判据选择滑模面矩阵。半主动控制条件限制电流变阻尼器可控阻尼力对隔振系统做负功,耗散振动能量。仿真分析了浮筏隔振系统在扫频激励信号下的力传递率及在双频激励信号下的输入力与输出力曲线。同时还仿真分析了双频激励信号作用下半主动静态输出反馈变结构控制下的双层浮筏隔振系统在系统参数出现摄动时的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明：半主动输出反馈变结构控制下的浮筏隔振系统的减振效果要远好于最优被动阻尼系统,对系统参数摄动也具有很强的鲁棒性。     

动态环境下基于FFT实现伪码快速捕获

无线电导航系统中,载体动态性引入的多普勒频移对扩频信号捕获造成了很大困难。针对全数字化实现的扩频接收机,提出了一种新的捕获方案,即基于FFT算法实现对多普勒进行一定程度的补偿,解决了高动态环境下伪码序列的快速捕获问题。理论分析和计算机仿真结果表明,该方法简单有效。     

有限元方法在30万吨级超大型浮船坞设计中的应用

在30万吨级超大型浮船坞的结构设计中应用有限元计算方法来评估坞体结构强度并讨论了超大型浮船坞的结构规范适用性问题。采用的有限元计算分为两大类:一类是坞体总纵强度的有限元计算分析,包括全坞粗网格有限元计算以及进一步的局部结构细化分析;另一类是坞体局部强度的有限元计算分析,包括首尾浮箱平台强度、坞墙稳定性和锚泊设备支撑结构的强度计算。通过一系列完整的有限元计算,说明现行的浮船坞规范仍然适用于超大型浮船坞,并最终得出了一些具有实用价值的结论。     

大型复杂结构物码头吊装方案设计

以1 500 t浮吊的转盘和机房电气房结构物的码头吊装为基础,应用《海洋工程技术指南》和LOC吊装手册指导完成各项安全因数的选取、称重、吊点布置、受力分析及索具选取等,通过分析计算得出满足工厂吊装要求的吊装方案设计,并利用900 t桥吊完成大型复杂结构物的吊装,为其他相同码头吊装提供设计指导.     

钢箱筒基础结构应用优势及前景

钢箱筒基础结构是由桶形基础发展而来,桶形基础取代桩基作为海上采油平台基础在国内外获得成功应用。结合钢箱筒结构取代抛石基床作为码头和防波堤基础首次在工程中成功应用的实践,论述了钢箱筒结构特点和作用机理。钢箱筒结构具有加工制作快捷、浮运稳定、就位下沉简便、下沉上浮方便可兼作施工平台、后期沉降稳定等特点,拥有节约成本、缩短工期、保证质量等优势。钢箱筒结构在水运工程中尤其是渤海湾淤泥质海岸作为码头和防波堤结构基础拥有很好的应用前景。