山西道路旅客运输业转型之我见

本文重点分析了和总结当前道路旅客运输业存在的深层次问题和表现形式,就如何将一个由资本、劳动力为主的传统服务业逐步转型为一个以信息、服务、管理、高附加值为主的现代服务业作了有益的思考和探讨。     

运输业的转型“功夫”

5月,北京有两件事吸引了我们的目光。一个是《功夫熊猫2》推出,让计算机特技动画进入全新境界,一个是全国道路运输客运企业高新技术应用论坛在国家会议中心召开,意图让道路客运的科技应用"功夫"越来越强,打造了一个具有学术价值和实践意义的研讨平台。纵观当今交通运输业,信息化、科技、智慧已成热词,高新技术层出不穷,谁人都能聊上几句。科技让传统运输摆脱了过去的呆滞凝涩,表现出传统行业向现代化、信息化转型的渴望,迫不及待等候发令的企业就像起跑线上的运动员,跃跃欲试,谁能拥有技术精良的助跑器,无疑将提升新赛季的胜率。     

探索挂靠转型，发展现代运输业

是不是现在就要改变挂靠模式呢？显然不是,否则就会陷入“早改早死”的困局。在运输市场里靠几台或几十台挂靠车纵横驰骋的故事早已“逝者如斯夫”,低端市场竞争导致大部分企业在生存线上挣扎。如果要说终结挂靠模式,发展现代运输业,那么对绝大部分企业来说只是一种奢望。     

湖北道路运输业转型路径

近年来,湖北道路运输管理工作变挑战为机遇、化压力为动力,各项工作稳步推进,成效显著,有利促进了湖北社会经济的发展。最突出的足在转型发展方面迈出了有力步伐。     

我国道路运输业发展战略转型研究

本文分析了我国道路运输服务转型的环境,提出了我国道路运输服务转型的思路、路径以及战略选择建议,统筹城乡道路运输协调发展,提升基本公共服务均等化水平。优化道路运输组织方式,提升道路运输服务效能和安全水平。推进创新发展和信息化建设,提升道路运输公共信息服务水平。完善服务监督和质量管理体系,提升道路运输服务及重点产品质量水平。     

论我省道路运输业向现代物流业转型

对我省道路运输业现状及向现代物流业转型的契机、对策进行了论述。     

在转型中求发展 在发展中促转型——冀运集团股份有限公司总经理戴国庆谈企业转型

我们目前的战略是转型求发展,发展中转型。提出这一发展战略,既是为了应对道路运输市场的变化,也是为了响应交通运输部提倡的综合运输大交通方向。目前民航、高铁冲击的主要对象就是高客的黄金线路,如果运输企业不进行转型,未来的发展就会出现很大的问题,将很难支撑下去。     

建新机制 塑新品牌 推动企业转型跨越发展——广西北部湾投资集团有限公司沿海高速公路分公司

广西北部湾投资集团有限公司沿海高速公路分公司（以下简称沿海分公司）前身为广西沿海高速公路管理处。2010年,沿海分公司从原事业单位转为企业运营,原11个部门整合为7个部门,     

城市公共交通发展的动力机制研究

城市公共交通发展动力涵盖政府的主导作用、公交运营企业的主动力、公众的支持力以及营销传播的助动力等"四方力量",四方力量的协同推动城市公共交通系统快速发展。首先对城市公共交通发展的动力机制进行分析,研究快速发展面临的困境以及进行公共交通系统动力协调的必要性;然后提出强化政府主导作用的"4P"发展策略、激发公交运营企业主动力的品牌服务策略、拓展公众支持力的乘客关系管理策略、发挥营销传播助动力的促销策略等公共交通协同发展策略;由此增强公共交通竞争力,提高公交出行方式分担率,推动城市可持续发展。     

石油产品管道运输定量研究

成品油管道运输计划和调度是具有多约束的复杂问题,包括炼油厂的生产进度、市场需求、相邻油品的规格等都需考虑。另外,炼油厂和分销中心现有库存量和库存能力以及管道中的输油量等也要详细分析。文中对该领域的定量研究文献进行了梳理、综述,对未来研究趋势做了分析展望,以便研究人员作进一步研究。     

道路运输企业发展甩挂运输的效益研究

甩挂运输是一种先进的运输组织方式,是提高道路运输效率的重要手段,对于促进节能减排,推动道路运输业的发展具有重要意义。本文针对某一具体甩挂运输企业构建数学模型并从固定成本、变动成本两个方面对其进行经济效益评价,从油耗、二氧化碳排放量和污染物排放量三个方面进行节能减排评价,进而论证得出了甩挂运输具有提高经济效益和节能减排的优势。     

南京市六合区道路旅客运输发展策略研究

通过分析南京市六合区道路客运需求、客流特征和场站的发展现状,揭示了目前六合区道路旅客运输存在的问题,进而从需求总量、旅游客运、快速客运、农村客运、城乡客运等方面剖析了六合道路运输的发展趋势,最后从新建客运枢纽、加强规划、理顺管理体制、形成合理补贴等方面提出了六合区道路旅客运输的发展对策。     

A comparison of the sustainability of public and private transportation systems: Study of the Greater Toronto Area

A macroscopic assessment of the impacts of private and public transportation systems on the sustainability of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) is undertaken from economic, environmental and social perspectives. The methodology draws upon the urban metabolism and sustainability indicators approaches to assessing urban sustainability, but compares modes in terms of passenger-kms. In assessing the economic sustainability of a city, transportation should be recognized as a product, a driver and a cost. In 1993, the traded costs of automobile use in the GTA were approximately balanced by the value of the automobile parts and assembly industry. But local transit costs 1/3 to 1/6 of the auto costs per person-km, in traded dollars, mainly because local labour is the primary cost.Public transportation is more sustainable from an environmental perspective. Automobile emissions are a major contributor to air pollution, which is a serious contemporary environmental health problem in Toronto. Public transportation modes are less energy intensive (including indirect energy consumption) and produce CO₂ at an order of magnitude lower, although these benefits are partially undermined by under-utilization of transit capacity and the source of electricity generation.The social benefits of automobile use are likely more significant than costs in determining GTA residents' preferential mode choice. The speed and access of auto use provide important economic benefits, e.g. relating to employment and product choice. Nevertheless, offsetting the service attributes of private transportation are large social costs in terms of accidents. The costs of automobile insurance provide one tangible measure of such negative impacts.In order to improve the sustainability of the GTA, innovative approaches are required for improving the performance level of public transportation or substantially reducing the need for the service level provided by automobiles. Efforts such as greater integration of bicycles with public transit, or construction of light-rail systems in wide roadways, might be considered. But to be sustainable overall, a transportation system has to be flexible and adaptable and so must combine a mixture of modes.     

Modelling and simulation of transportation system effectiveness to reduce traffic congestion: a system dynamics framework

ABSTRACT

This paper is designed to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of transportation systems and reduce traffic congestion through the use of simulation models and scenario development. A system dynamics framework is used to test and evaluate the alternatives of future strategies for the city of Surabaya, Indonesia. Some factors affecting the effectiveness of transport systems include operational effectiveness and service effectiveness, as well as uncertainty. To improve the effectiveness of transportation systems, several strategies can be implemented, such as subsidizing public transportation, increasing the cost of private vehicle parking fees, raising taxes on private vehicles, and reducing delays in public transportation through scenario development. Scenario results show that, by pursuing these strategies, effectiveness could be improved by 80% as the impact of the increase in operational and service effectiveness, helping to mitigate traffic congestion. Congestion could be reduced to 70% (on average) due to the decrease in daily traffic.     

Policy innovations of the US intermodal surface transportation efficiency act and clean air act amendments

In combination, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) are innovative and aggressive efforts to move US cities toward integrated transportation and air quality planning. Under these complementary laws, air quality has become a major national transportation goal. In areas with serious air pollution, air quality will be a major consideration in determining the future shape of urban transportation.This paper considers how the CAAA and ISTEA combine to provide an innovative national policy approach of interest to countries seeking to encourage sustainable development in urban centers. The CAAA mandates measurable and enforceable air quality targets. Nation-wide standards are set for acceptable levels of carbon monoxide, ground level ozone, and small particulates. ISTEA includes directions for transportation planners and decision-makers to follow to reach air quality and other goals — transportation planning must emphasize system efficiency, and for cities with severe air pollution, transportation projects are expected to contribute to cleaner air. Each urban area has flexibility in how it applies this framework to reflect its priorities and solve its problems. Strict federal sanctions provide incentives for compliance with both laws.Enactment of these laws has produced a period of transition and uncertainty as well as of challenge and opportunity for planners and elected officials. The next several years, the US will provide one national laboratory and over 100 different urban laboratories for innovative approaches to integrate transportation and environmental policies to resolve major urban problems.Abbreviations CAAA Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 - CO Carbon monoxide - ECO Employee Commute Option - EPA US Environmental Protection Agency - HC Transportation hydrocarbons - I/M Inspections and maintenance program - ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 - MPO Metropolitan planning organizations - NO_x Nitrogen oxides - PPM Parts per million - PM₁₀ Small particulate matter - SIP State Implementation Plan - TIP Transportation Improvement Program - TCM Transportation control measures - VMT Vehicle miles traveled     

An optimization model of energy and transportation systems: Assessing the high-speed rail impacts in the United States

This paper presents a long-term investment planning model that co-optimizes infrastructure investments and operations across transportation and electric infrastructure systems for meeting the energy and transportation needs in the United States. The developed passenger transportation model is integrated within the modeling framework of a National Long-term Energy and Transportation Planning (NETPLAN) software, and the model is applied to investigate the impact of high-speed rail (HSR) investments on interstate passenger transportation portfolio, fuel and electricity consumption, and 40-year cost and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. The results show that there are feasible scenarios under which significant HSR penetration can be achieved, leading to reasonable decrease in national long-term CO₂ emissions and costs. At higher HSR penetration of approximately 30% relative to no HSR in the portfolio promises a 40-year cost savings of up to $0.63 T, gasoline and jet fuel consumption reduction of up to 34% for interstate passenger trips, CO₂ emissions reduction by about 0.8 billion short tons, and increased resilience against petroleum price shocks. Additionally, sensitivity studies with respect to light-duty vehicle mode share reveal that in order to realize such long-term cost and emission benefits, a change in the passenger mode choice is essential to ensure higher ridership for HSR.     

Modelling the impact of weather conditions on active transportation travel behaviour

Three weather sensitive models are used to explore the relationship between weather and home-based work trips within the City of Toronto, focusing on active modes of transportation. The data are restricted to non-captive commuters who have the option of selecting among five basic modes of auto driver, auto passenger, transit, bike and walk. Daily trip rates in various weather conditions are assessed. Overall, the results confirm that impact of weather on active modes of transportation is significant enough to deserve attention at the research, data collection and planning levels.     

道路客运安全政策研究

本文针对道路客运安全事故多发存在的安全管理问题及原因,在政策法规、管理机制、经营许可及市场监管等方面进行了剖析;对中美两国道路客运安全管理的法规制度进行了分析比较,根据我国道路客运发展现状和安全管理存在的关键问题,借鉴美国的管理经验,提出了创新道路客运安全管理的政策建议。