Least-weight topology and size optimization of high speed vehicle-passenger catamaran structure by genetic algorithm

Selection of the “best” or “optimum” engineering design has always been a major concern of designers. Reduction of hull weight is the most important aim in the structural design of many ship types. But the ability of designers to produce optimal designs of ship structures is severely limited by the calculation techniques available for this task. Complete definition of the optimal structural design requires formulation of size–topology–shape–material optimization task unifying optimization problems from four areas and effective solution of the problem. So far a significant progress towards solution of this problem has not been achieved. In other hand in recent years attempts have been made to apply genetic algorithm (GA) optimization techniques to design of ship structures. An objective of the paper was to create a computer code and investigate a possibility of simultaneous optimization of both topology and scantlings of structural elements of large spatial sections of ships using GA. In the paper GA is applied to solve the problem of weight minimization of a high speed vehicle-passenger catamaran structure with several design variables as dimensions of the plate thickness, longitudinal stiffeners and transverse frames and spacing between longitudinals and transversal members. Results of numerical experiments obtained using the code are presented. They show that GA can be an efficient optimization tool for simultaneous design of topology and sizing high speed craft structures.     

船舶初步设计的多目标优化研究(英文)

提出了应用于船舶初步设计的多目标优化策略和决策方法.详细介绍了集成模型分析和优化算法的多目标优化求解思路,并使用改进的非支配排序遗传算法获取优化问题的Pareto解集.针对多目标优化问题中各子目标之间存在相互冲突、不能同时达到最优的特性,采用多属性决策理论对设计空间进行计算分析,找出.Pareto前沿面上的最优解.以散货船的初步设计为实例,对多目标优化策略和决策方法进行了验证分析.结果表明优化策略和决策方法不仅是可靠的、实用的,而且能广泛应用于各类船舶初步设计的优化与决策分析中.该文为船舶的初步设计提供了一条新途径.     

支持向量机和遗传算法组合策略的VLCC船中结构优化设计(英文)

In this paper a hybrid process of modeling and optimization,which integrates a support vector machine(SVM) and genetic algorithm(GA),was introduced to reduce the high time cost in structural optimization of ships.SVM,which is rooted in statistical learning theory and an approximate implementation of the method of structural risk minimization,can provide a good generalization performance in metamodeling the input-output relationship of real problems and consequently cuts down on high time cost in the analysis of real problems,such as FEM analysis.The GA,as a powerful optimization technique,possesses remarkable advantages for the problems that can hardly be optimized with common gradient-based optimization methods,which makes it suitable for optimizing models built by SVM.Based on the SVM-GA strategy,optimization of structural scantlings in the midship of a very large crude carrier(VLCC) ship was carried out according to the direct strength assessment method in common structural rules(CSR),which eventually demonstrates the high efficiency of SVM-GA in optimizing the ship structural scantlings under heavy computational complexity.The time cost of this optimization with SVM-GA has been sharply reduced,many more loops have been processed within a small amount of time and the design has been improved remarkably.     

Influence of different topological variants on optimized structural scantlings of passenger ship

For a multi-deck ships with extensive superstructures (such as passenger and cruise ships, RoPax, mega yachts, etc.) the global structural response can be particularly complex. The influence of the superstructure to the primary strength for those multi-deck ships must be considered from an early design phase. Main global topological parameters (e.g. size of side openings, position and stiffness of longitudinal and transverse bulkheads, etc.) have dominant influence on the shape of hull girder stress distributions over the ship height. The Taguchi concepts and techniques (FFE, orthogonal arrays, ANOVA, etc.) could be used to systematically study influence of multiple topological parameters on the global structural response obtained by FEM analysis. It also enables rational identification of the most dominant parameters and provide designer with the near-optimal level of each topological parameter for the defined design objective. It has been demonstrated how different topological variants can lead to different optimal structural scantlings w. r.t chosen design objectives (mass, VCG, etc.), using simplified full ship 3D FE model of passenger ship as an example. Structural design software MAESTRO and in-house developed framework for the design support system DeMak – OCTOPUS Designer were used as a structural optimization tool. This paper aim to extend the standard scantling optimization by introducing topological aspects as a first STEP in overall optimization procedure.     

基于多目标遗传算法的船舶修理计划优化研究

针对船舶修理工作中的计划任务分配问题,提出了基于多目标遗传算法的船舶修理计划优化的方法。将修理经费和时间作为两个追求的目标函数,采用改进的非支配解排序的多目标进化算法（NSGA II）对优化模型进行了求解,得到了任务分配的Pareto优化解。这种方法能够比通常的加权和方法得到更多的计划方案,能够给任务制订者更多的选择。文中计算了一个维修任务分配例子,并且和通常单目标优化结果进行了比较,表明了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

基于多装船机的散货船智能装载

对散货船使用多装船机进行装载作业的情况,建立以最高装载效率、最佳纵倾和最小化船舶最大静水弯矩值为目标,以浮态、稳性和结构强度为约束条件的散货船智能装载数学模型,使用改进的多目标遗传算法进行求解,得到优化后的Pareto解集,结果表明:该算法能够有效求得该问题的优化解,在实际应用方面具有一定的可行性.     

船舶柴油机调速器参数整定的多目标优化和多属性决策研究

综合考虑系统在输入阶跃扰动和负荷扰动两个工况时的超调量、稳定时间和ITAE指标,研究了PID控制器参数寻优的问题。采用多目标遗传算法求出Pareto最优解,使用信息熵法和逼近理想解的排序方法（TOPSIS）对Pareto最优解给出了排序。计算了一艘水面船舶柴油机调速器控制的数值算例,结果表明本文方法有效,所设计的PID性能优异,可以工程实际应用。     

舰船总体设计中的多学科优化技术

MDO（多学科优化设计）技术适用于解决复杂工程系统和子系统的设计优化。为推广多学科优化设计技术在舰船总体设计中的应用,阐述了多学科优化技术的基本理论、研究和发展应用情况,系统介绍了协同优化算法的应用环境、特征和基本原理,将舰船总体设计根据MDO的要求分解为浮态与稳性、水动力性能、造价等5个子学科并进行了学科分析,基于多目标协同优化算法建立了舰船总体优化的数学模型及优化框架。     

基于EEDI的小水线面双体船片体尺度要素多目标优化

为寻求节能高效的小水线面双体船片体尺度要素,以一艘典型小水线面双体渡船为研究对象,从多目标优化的角度出发,做出合理假设根据海军部系数法和国际吨位丈量公约分别将子目标设计航速和总吨参数化,进而使主目标能效设计指数（energy efficiency design index, EEDI）成为片体尺度要素函数。基于MATLAB优化工具箱应用多目标遗传算法（Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm, MOGA）,以阻力、强度、结构和能效要求等因素为依据定义约束条件,设置优化参数并考虑混合函数的影响,得到优化船型Pareto解集。最后讨论多目标优化的计算结果,并且与单目标优化的结果进行了比较,还分析了多目标优化优化船型方案中片体尺度要素的分布情况。     

双底双壳油轮中横剖面结构优化设计专家系统

本文利用船舶中横剖面设计专家系统外壳[1]，结合专家经验、领域第一原理以及基于数据离散的优化方法，在补充了具体专业知识以后获得了双底双壳油轮中横剖面结构设计专家系统。该系统能够模仿专家的设计过程进行设计，这对于保存和利用专家知识、优化设计结果都有直接意义。     

舰船多学科协同设计优化软件系统设计

针对舰船结构设计特点,设计出应用于舰船设计的分布式多学科协同优化软件系统。介绍软件的设计原则、设计要求、网络结构、数据共享、系统架构及其模块功能、工作机制、优化算法和流程。系统以多目标协同优化算法为核心,采用主从型任务管理模式,各学科并行计算分析,相互协同,共同完成设计任务。     

船艉结构静动态多目标优化设计

建立用于船体结构静动力学性能一体化设计优化的2种多目标优化模型:基于多目标遗传算法的多目标优化模型和基于多学科优化技术的多目标协同优化模型。模型均使用矩阵描述由板材厚度和骨材型号构成的离散设计变量集,以结构质量最小化和最大加速度最小化组成多目标函数。以某集装箱船艉部结构为例,对其进行了结构静力学、动力特性和动力响应的计算分析与优化设计。优化后的结构不仅具有更轻的质量、更低的振动水平,而且具有更高的固有频率储备,同时仍满足强度和刚度要求。     

Study on alternative approaches to corrosion protection of ballast tanks using an economic model

One of the most relevant problems in ship construction and maintenance nowadays is corrosion in ballast tanks of modern merchant vessels. On the one hand, there is a general consensus that the economic lifespan of such a vessel depends, to a large degree, upon the corrosion state of its ballast tanks, while on the other hand these ballast tanks, located between the outer hull and the cargo tanks, makes routine inspection and maintenance a difficult task.Today, ship's ballast tanks are usually constructed in steel and protected with an epoxy coating backed up by sacrificial zinc anodes. Such a construction has been applied without significant alterations for many years. The objective of this economic study is to compare this construction method with some potential alternatives. The considered alternatives are: (1) an increase in structural scantlings, eliminating the necessity to replace corroded at a cost of real cargo carrying capacity of the ship, (2) application of the novel and more durable TSCF₂₅ coating (3), the use of corrosion resistant steel in ship construction and (4) a standard PSPC₁₅ coating combined with lifetime lasting aluminum sacrificial anodes. A cost model was used to evaluate these alternative options together with sensitivity analysis. It is concluded that the durable coating and the use of lifetime lasting aluminum anodes are bound to improve the actual basic tank concept. Corrosion resistant steel becomes attractive when the steel price becomes competitive.     

基于正交设计与 BP -GA 算法的船体结构耐撞性能优化设计

船体结构耐撞性优化设计的主要目的是在船舶碰撞研究的基础上对结构进行优化设计,提高船体结构的耐撞性能。基于正交试验设计、BP神经网络和遗传算法,形成了船体结构耐撞性能优化设计方法。提出了一种耐撞性综合指标,并以此指标作为优化的目标函数,以结构质量为约束条件,利用MSC/Dytran有限元软件对船舶碰撞进行数值仿真,完成对某船舷侧结构进行耐撞性优化设计,结果表明优化过后结构耐撞性能有较大提高,这为结构耐撞性能优化设计提供了一种新的思路和方法。     

改进遗传算法在船舶自由浮态计算中的应用

为了更快、更准确地计算船舶自由浮态问题,对原有计算方法进行改进。根据船舶自由漂浮的平衡条件,将自由浮态计算归结为多目标约束优化问题,并引入一种改进遗传算法对该优化问题进行求解。实例计算表明,使用该方法,迭代次数明显少于基本遗传算法,船舶自由浮态计算时间大幅下降,计算结果准确可靠。研究结果对于迅速掌握船舶状态,可靠保障船舶生命力具有重要意义。     

船舶分段建造工程工期、成本、质量综合均衡优化研究

针对当前实际在船舶分段建造工程管理中,人们较少针对工期、成本、质量综合优化的研究,提出通过研究船舶分段建造过程中的工期、成本、质量之间的相互制约关系,得出工期、成本、质量之间的综合均衡优化模型,并利用多目标优化理论和粒子群算法对模型进行求解。该方法能够得到船舶分段建造工程项目管理中的控制目标。     

船体结构最优风险评估维护计划（英文）

Various structures such as marine structures age over time. In order to always maintain safety conditions, maintenance processes including inspection and repair should be implemented on them. Corrosion and fatigue cracks are two main factors that reduce the ultimate strength of the ship's hull girder over time and thus increase the probability and risk of failure. At the time of inspection,the structural conditions must be checked so that, if necessary, the required repairs can be done on it. The main objective of this paper is to provide optimized maintenance plans of the ship structure based on probabilistic concepts with regard to corrosion and fatigue cracks. Maintenance activities increase the operational costs of ships; therefore, it is advisable to inspect and repair in the optimal times. Optimal maintenance planning of the ship structure can be conducted by formulating and solving a multi-objective optimization problem. The use of risk as a structural performance indicator has become more common in recent years. The objective functions of the optimization problem include minimizing the structure's lifecycle maintenance costs, including inspection and repair costs, and also minimizing the maximum risk of structural failure during the ship's life. In the following,to achieve better responses, reliability index has been added to the problem as the third objective function. The multi-objective optimization problem is solved using genetic algorithms. The proposed risk-based approach is applied to the hull structure of a tanker ship.     

基于有限元法的小水线面双体船结构优化

小水线面双体船结构复杂,需要有效的工具对其进行优化设计,在满足强度刚度要求的情况下控制结构重量.本文利用优化软件Altair.OptiStruct、Msc.Nastran、iSIGHT对一艘小水线面双体船结构进行了尺寸优化、形状优化、和拓扑优化.结构优化基于有限元法完成,以结构重量作为目标函数,结构应力作为约束条件.优化结果表明,通过选择适当的设计变量,能够在结构应力不超过规定上限的条件下使结构重量显著降低并达到最小值.     

采用遗传算法进行球鼻艏优化的流体动力计算(英文)

Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) plays a major role in predicting the flow behavior of a ship.With the development of fast computers and robust CFD software,CFD has become an important tool for designers and engineers in the ship industry.In this paper,the hull form of a ship was optimized for total resistance using CFD as a calculation tool and a genetic algorithm as an optimization tool.CFD based optimization consists of major steps involving automatic generation of geometry based on design parameters,automatic generation of mesh,automatic analysis of fluid flow to calculate the required objective/cost function,and finally an optimization tool to evaluate the cost for optimization.In this paper,integration of a genetic algorithm program,written in MATLAB,was carried out with the geometry and meshing software GAMBIT and CFD analysis software FLUENT.Different geometries of additive bulbous bow were incorporated in the original hull based on design parameters.These design variables were optimized to achieve a minimum cost function of "total resistance".Integration of a genetic algorithm with CFD tools proves to be effective for hull form optimization.     

微利环境船舶设计之物资成本控制

船市低迷期,船舶建造成本控制成为各大船企逆势生存主要手段,而船舶建造成本的70%在设计阶段就已确定。本文通过访谈调查,介绍了S公司各设计阶段的主要任务及成本控制重点,了解了设计阶段成本控制问题。从设计完善优化、人员培养和考核等方面,总结归纳出六点改进措施,以通过设计阶段成本控制实现公司更大效益。