海上风机支撑结构的时域和频域疲劳对比研究

对海上风机支撑结构进行动力响应分析,求出结构危险节点的载荷谱和功率谱密度函数,结合疲劳损伤模型和Dirlik概率模型,分别在时域和频域内对支撑结构进行疲劳寿命分析.由于时域法计算疲劳寿命需进行应力循环计数,这一过程需处理的数据庞大,耗时长.频域法省去应力循环计数,代之以概率密度函数,可相对准确、快速地计算结构的疲劳寿命.分析结果表明,采用Dirlik概率模型的频域分析法能较准确地反映海上风机支撑结构在随机载荷作用下的疲劳损伤情况,计算结果误差在可接受范围内.     

深海系泊浮体物面非线性时域耦合动力分析

文章基于三维时域势流理论和弹性细长杆理论,研究并提出了深海系泊浮体物面非线性时域耦合动力分析方法。该方法采用时域物面非线性理论方法在瞬态位置直接时域模拟系泊浮体所需水动力,结合有限元方法计算系泊缆索的动力响应,利用异步耦合方法实现浮体和系泊缆索的时域耦合动力求解。既满足系泊浮体时域水动力耦合,又满足系泊浮体和系泊缆索动力耦合。通过对二阶非线性不规则波作用下深海系泊半潜式平台的时域耦合响应特性进行研究,将不同海况下物面非线性时域耦合静力响应和动力响应与间接时域耦合动力响应的三种方法计算结果进行比较。研究结果表明,系泊缆索动力响应明显,平台瞬态空间位置对垂荡低频运动影响较大,有必要在平台瞬时湿表面采用动力响应方法进行深海系泊浮体时域耦合响应分析。     

白噪声海浪激励下船舶非线性横摇运动的概率分析

应用求解FPK方程近似解的一种新理论研究白噪声激励下船舶非线性横摇运动的联合概率密度函数及稳定期望穿阈率.船舶随机横摇运动微分方程考虑到阻尼力与恢复力的非线性.新理论基于减少FPK方程的误差以获得参数化的联合概率密度函数.应用本理论易得一维积分表达的系统响应的概率特性,如联合概率密度函数及稳定期望穿阈率.近似解与精确解的比较结果表明:新理论在研究白噪声激励下船舶非线性横摇运动是非常有效的.     

一种新的路径积分法在船舶横摇概率计算中的应用

基于Gauss-Legendre积分规则提出了一种新的路径积分法来计算随机横浪中船舶非线性横摇运动的概率密度分布,新的路径积分法能够得出精确的瞬态概率密度分布,包括系统响应尾部区域的概率分布,其对系统的可靠性分析是十分重要的.船舶随机横摇运动微分方程考虑到阻尼力与恢复力的非线性.数值模拟了联合概率密度函数随时间的演变,分析了外部激励强度对船舶稳态概率密度分布的影响.数值模拟的结果表明新的路径积分法对研究船舶非线性横摇运动概率密度分布是十分有效的.     

Frequency domain analysis of a tension leg platform with statistical linearization of the tendon restoring forces

The dynamics of a tension leg platform have important nonlinearities which must be approximated in some manner in a frequency domain analysis. For irregular waves, the well-documented method of statistical linearization is commonly employed for the drag forces, but it is seldom applied to the restoring forces. In earlier studies, the stiffness linearization has been limited to the surge motion. This paper presents the formulation for the linearization in all six degrees-of-freedom. To this end, the nonlinear restoring function and tangent stiffness matrix are derived, and extensive nonlinear couplings between the different modes are found to exist. The performance of the linearized frequency domain approach is benchmarked against time domain simulations for a problem involving large platform motions. It is found that subject to certain conditions, which are relatively mild, the linearization technique facilitates accurate predictions of the mean offsets and the response variances, including the slow-drift component.     

Numerical and experimental investigations into the application of response conditioned waves for long-term nonlinear analyses

The coefficient of contribution method, in which the extreme response is determined by considering only the few most important sea states, is an efficient way to do nonlinear long-term load analyses. To furthermore efficiently find the nonlinear short-term probability distributions of the vessel responses in these sea states, response conditioned wave methods can be used. Several researchers have studied the accuracy of response conditioned wave methods for this purpose. However, further investigations are necessary before these can become established tools. In this paper we investigate the accuracy by comparing the short-term probability distributions obtained from random irregular waves with those from response conditioned waves. We furthermore show how response conditioned wave methods can be fitted into a long-term response analysis. The numerical and experimental investigations were performed using a container vessel with a length between perpendiculars of 281 m. Numerical simulations were done with a nonlinear hydroelastic time domain code. Experiments were carried out with a flexible model of the vessel in the towing tank at the Marine Technology Centre in Trondheim. The focus was on the probability distributions of the midship vertical hogging bending moments in the sea states contributing most to the hogging moments with a mean return period of 20 years and 10 000 years. We found that the response conditioned wave methods can very efficiently be used to accurately determine the nonlinear short-term probability distributions for rigid hulls, but either accuracy or efficiency is to a large effect lost for flexible hulls, when slamming induced whipping responses are accounted for.     

Stochastic wave spectra estimation (SWSE) based on response surface methodology considering uncertainty in transfer functions of a ship

In this paper, a new wave spectra estimation method is proposed in which the frequency domain wave estimation method (FDWE) is extended into a probabilistic analytical framework in order to estimate the encountered sea states involving uncertainty in transfer functions of a ship. The proposed method, named the Stochastic Wave Spectra Estimation (SWSE), makes use of an Hermite polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) to represent the uncertainty in the transfer functions and the response surfaces. The method involves a mathematical formulation where an extension of the deterministic FDWE concept to the space of random variables is made. The proposed method can accurately and easily estimate the encountered wave spectra based on ship response measurements accounting for uncertainty in the transfer functions. In this paper, numerical and experimental investigations of the proposed SWSE are made, where the uncertainties in the transfer functions of heave and pitch motions of a containership are taken into account. The validity of the SWSE is demonstrated by comparison to results of uncertainty analyses through the Monte-Carlo simulations (MCS).     

Response surface approach to the probability distribution of the strength of compressed plates

A method is proposed to determine the cumulative probability distribution function of the strength of compressed plates using a response surface approach. The distribution function is constructed by applying a first-order reliability method to calculate the probability of failure successively at different levels of loading. The limit state function is a response surface, which results from fitting a series to the results of a non-linear finite-element code. The approach has been applied to plates of different slenderness and boundary conditions and the results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations.     

Nonstationary response of floating structures to random waves

Even if ocean waves are treated as a stationary random process, dynamic responses of floating structures to random waves at the transient state are always nonstationary. When nonstationary response statistics is desired, a common technique is to apply Monte Carlo simulations; however, its implementation is costly in computational time. Analytically, this article develops an efficient method for computing nonstationary response statistics, including evolutionary power spectrum and time-varying mean-square values. Assuming a hydrodynamic software has been employed to get various frequency response functions, a prerequisite of the proposed method is to get the elevation-to-motion transfer function formulated in its pole-residue form. The proposed method is applicable to arbitrary wave spectrum and has been based on pole-residue operations implemented in the Laplace domain to obtain closed-form solutions for the response evolutionary power spectrum. Numerical examples choose a single-degree-of-freedom Spar model and a six-degree-of-freedom Floating Production Storage and Offloading model to a Pierson–Moskowitz wave spectrum, and the correctness of the computed mean-square values is verified by Monte Carlo simulations.     

Bi-fidelity Kriging model for reliability analysis of the ultimate strength of stiffened panels

A method based on a Bi-fidelity Kriging model is proposed for structural reliability analysis. It is based on adding low-fidelity data samples to the model to predict high-fidelity values, thus saving computational effort. Distance Correlation develops the correlation between the low and high-fidelity functions, initially proposed to assess the correlation between two variables. The bi-fidelity Kriging response surface model's efficiency as a surrogate model will be assessed for structural reliability problems that demand high computational costs, such as nonlinear finite element analysis structural models. The efficiency assessment is performed by comparing the accuracy of the failure probability predictions based on the Subset Simulation and First-order reliability method using the Bi-fidelity Kriging model as a surrogate for the performance function. The idea is illustrated by considering a representative component of marine structures analyzed by finite element analysis to create bi-fidelity scenarios to assess structural reliability with many variables. The results show that the proposed multi-fidelity method can provide an accurate failure probability estimation with less computational cost.     

用Melnikov方法研究船舶在随机横浪中的倾覆

本文应用Melnikov函数和相空间转移率研究船舶在随机波浪中的强非线性横摇运动及其倾覆问题,分析了波浪特征频率、特征波高、船舶非线性恢复力臂以及阻尼特性对相空间转移率的影响.以长30.7m、宽6.9m的渔船为例,采用ISSC波浪谱,在时域内计算了Melnikov函数,得到了相空间转移率与Melnikov函数之间的关系以及有义波高对相空间转移率的影响.研究表明:随有义波高增大,相空间转移率不断增大,船舶航行的安全域迅速减小.从而揭示了相空间转移率与船舶倾覆内在的密切联系,为船舶的设计和稳性衡准提供了有价值的参考.     

船舶动力定位能力分析程序开发研究

本文根据船舶动力定位系统的工作原理,基于MATLAB语言将环境载荷计算、推力计算、推力分配、图形绘制等功能进行集成,完成动力定位能力频域分析模块开发;然后结合Kalman滤波算法采用LQR方法进行反馈控制,完成时域分析模块开发。以某型海洋调查船为算例,首先,利用该程序绘制了动力定位能力曲线,并且与Kongsberg Maritime分析报告对比,结果吻合良好,为推进器的选型与布置提供依据;然后,进行时域模拟给出海洋调查船的位置、姿态的时历曲线和各个推进器的推力响应情况,为实际工程提供指导。     

系泊浮体运动响应分析的非线性水动力学方法（英文）

Nonlinear wave loads can induce low-frequency and high-frequency resonance motions of a moored platform in deep water. For the analysis of the nonlinear response of an offshore platform under the action of irregular waves, the most widely used method in practice is the Cummins method, in which the second-order exciting forces in the time domain are computed by a two-term Volterra series model based on incident waves, first-order body motion response, and quadratic transfer functions(QTFs). QTFs are bichromatic waves acting on a body and are computed in the frequency domain in advance. For moving bodies, QTFs are related to the first-order body response, which is to be determined in the simulation process of body motion response but is unknown in the computation procedure of QTFs. In solving this problem, Teng and Cong(2017) proposed a method to divide the QTFs into different components,which are unrelated to the body response. With the application of the new QTF components, a modified Cummins method can be developed for the simulation of the nonlinear response of a moored floating platform. This paper presents a review of the theory.     

锚泊线的动力分析

本文应用频率域方法,研究波频运动引起低频慢荡阻尼力问题中锚泊线所引起的力。锚泊线所引起的阻尼,在本质上与其和运动间的初相位角有关。该相位信息需从频域分析得出。本文应用摄动理论推导了到二阶的锚泊线张力响应函数。算例以及与相应的时域的结果比较,可以看出应用频域摄动分析的结果在假设适用范围内与时域得到的结果基本相符。     

船舶受非均匀风力的计算方法

在船舶航海性能及航泊机动的定量分析中,通常以均匀风取代实际的非均匀风,从而影响了定量分析的精度及分析的可靠性。现提出一种新的计算作用在船舶非均匀风力的方法。仿真表明,该方法是可行的。     

考虑随机材料、尺寸及初始缺陷的加筋板结构极限强度研究

为获得加筋板结构极限强度的统计规律,考虑结构材料、尺寸及初始缺陷的随机性（其数值可以认为是满足某种分布规律的随机量）,采用Monte Carlo结合非线性有限元进行强度的研究。在验证非线性有限元准确性的基础上,取结构尺寸、初始缺陷幅值、材料参数为随机变量,采用数值实验、最大熵法及K-S检验拟合获得极限强度的概率密度函数。结果表明,在较少样本时最大熵法可准确获得统计规律,为结构可靠性分析中复杂结构抗力模型的研究提供参考。     

风浪流成长全过程单点系泊FPS O运动低频响应极值研究

为了探求风浪流成长全过程对应的单点系泊FPSO低频响应极值,应用三维势流理论及非线性时域耦合分析方法,研究了单点系泊FPSO低频运动响应与风浪流入射角度之间的关系,得出了给定风浪流大小前提下最危险的入射角度,计算了风浪流载荷在发展、顶峰、消亡各不同阶段对应的船体低频运动响应极值。结果表明：单点系泊FPSO低频响应与风浪流入射角度密切相关,且响应最大值可能并不出现在有义波高、风速、流速最大的顶峰时期,而可能出现在有义波高、风速、流速较小但风浪流入射角度呈强非线性的发展或消亡阶段。因此,在研究单点系泊FPSO的低频响应极值时,必须考虑风浪流成长过程中的发展和消亡阶段。文中考虑了易被忽略的风浪流成长过程中入射角度呈强非线性的发展和衰亡阶段,为单点系泊FPSO低频响应特性的分析提供了有益参考。     

Combining low- and high-frequency loads acting on large floating structures

Loads acting on large floating structures usually consist of high-frequency and low-frequency loads. The high-frequency loads are associated with the hydroelastic behavior of the structure and excitation of the natural frequency modes. The low-frequency loads are associated with the body motion of the structure and the wave profile. In design analysis, extreme values of these loads must be combined taking into consideration the correlation between them. This paper discusses a methodology for combining the extreme loads, and proposes a simple formulation suitable for use in reliability analysis. A proposed load combination factor K was found to depend on the correlation coefficient of the two loads, the ratio of their standard deviations and the frequency content of the processes from which the loads are determined. The correlation coefficient was found to depend on the complex frequency response functions of the loads and the input wave spectrum. The paper also discusses characteristic extreme values of slightly nonlinear loads acting on large floating structures.Extreme loads may be based on a storm condition with a specified return period. Since very large floating structures are expected to have a long operational lifetime, the return period must be selected carefully. The paper discusses a method for selecting return periods based on the expected operational life of the structure and encounter probability.     

可编程压电式电气比例阀的建模与实验研究

提出了一种可编程压电式电气比例阀方案,构建了系统的动态非线性数学模型,从而对其时域和频域特性进行了仿真分析。通过系统一系列实验得出实验曲线与仿真曲线基本吻合,从而证明了仿真模型的正确性,该结论为压电式电气比例阀的进一步研究奠定了实验基础。     

4500米级载人深潜器耐压球壳疲劳可靠性分析

采用能计及裂纹闭合以及裂纹前缘的三维约束效应的裂纹扩展预报模型对我国研制中的4500米载人深潜器钛合金耐压球壳的疲劳寿命研究。参考国外同级别深潜器下潜统计数据建立了疲劳载荷概率模型,基于响应面法开展了疲劳可靠性分析,得到了失效概率及各随机变量参数敏感性结果,对载人球壳抗疲劳设计及结构安全性评估具有一定的参考意义。