长大深埋山岭隧道岩爆地段关键施工技术

岩爆研究成果丰富,但仍然是一个世界性难题。文章结合向莆铁路高盖山隧道、金瓜山隧道施工岩爆工程实例,采用国内外常用的岩爆判据和岩爆分级方法,研究分析了实例工程岩爆特征、岩爆等级、影响因素,以及岩爆预测预报方法,提出了岩爆防治措施,包括应力解除钻孔、注水湿化和锚固等方法;同时,在综合已有资料的基础上对岩爆判据、分级及防治等方面提出了意见和建议,强调岩爆判别应采用多因素综合判别准则。     

有关岩爆问题的几点探讨

岩爆的发生会对隧道施工的安全构成很大威胁。介绍了岩爆形成的机理,通过研究分析,证实了采用距离判别分析模型对岩爆发生与否及其烈度进行预测预报是可行并有效的。结合工程实例,概述了施工企业预测和防治岩爆的方法和措施。     

深埋隧洞岩爆的抽样概率预测方法

随着我国地下工程建设逐步向深部发展,大量岩体工程受到岩爆灾害的威胁。因此,岩爆预测方法的研究对于施工过程的灾害控制和施工参数的正确确定具有重要意义。然而,岩爆的发生具有一定的随机性,导致其随机发生的一个很重要的因素是由实际工程岩体的非均质特性导致的岩体力学参数的随机性。鉴于此,文章基于不确定性的可靠度理论与数值计算手段相结合的方法,提出了一种深埋隧洞岩爆的抽样概率预测方法。首先,将岩体力学参数视为随机变量,通过室内试验并结合Bayes方法获得力学参数的分布类型及其数字特征;其次,利用可靠度理论中的蒙特卡洛方法,通过随机抽样构建一组数值计算样本;最后,对样本进行数值分析,并对样本数值计算结果进行统计,从而获得岩爆发生的概率。采用该预测方法,对锦屏二级水电站3#试验洞F支洞的岩爆案例进行了分析和预测。结果表明:预测分析结果与实际岩爆情况一致,且该方法简单实用,可为深埋隧洞岩爆预测提供有益的参考。     

模糊综合评判法在大相岭隧道岩爆预测中的应用

岩爆问题是大相岭隧道的主要工程地质问题之一,为了保证隧道施工安全和高效,岩爆问题的分析和预测显得至关重要.在结合大相岭隧道工程背景的基础上,重点介绍了"模糊综合评判预测"法的原理和使用方法,并用此方法对大相岭隧道在开挖过程中岩爆出现的可能性、可能地段,以及岩爆烈度等问题进行了预测分析.所得结果表明,大相岭隧道中等程度及以上岩爆约占隧道总长度的37%左右,大体符合实际的开挖情况.因此证明,这种岩爆预测方法对隧道的安全施工有重要作用.     

大相岭泥巴山隧道岩爆防治数值模拟分析

大相岭泥巴山隧道为雅安—泸沽高速公路的控制性工程,由于隧道埋深大、地应力高、穿越的地层主要为硬脆性围岩,洞室开挖后岩爆时有发生.文章以该工程为背景,通过数值模拟分析了开挖中采用锚喷支护措施对减弱或防治岩爆的效果,并对不同锚杆长度和间距的防治效果进行了对比分析.结果表明:采用锚喷支护能够降低最大主应力、增大最小主应力、减少主应力差,可以有效降低岩爆的烈度;采用间距1m、长度3m的锚杆进行锚喷支护最经济有效.     

地下工程施工中岩爆的形成机理及控制措施

岩爆是高地应力环境下地下工程开挖过程中容易产生的一种突发性地质灾害,直接威胁施工人员和设备安全,文章针对岩爆的形成原因和机理,结合工程实例,提出了岩爆硐室开挖的施工防治措施、组织原则及工艺流程,为高地应力条件下地下工程的开挖提供了借鉴和经验。     

地下工程施工中岩爆的形成机理及控制措施

岩爆是高地应力环境下地下工程开挖过程中容易产生的一种突发性地质灾害,直接威胁施工人员和设备安全.文章针对岩爆的形成原因和机理,结合工程实例,提出了岩爆洞室开挖的施工防治措施、施工组织及工艺流程,可为高地应力条件下地下工程的开挖提供借鉴和经验.     

江边水电站隧道岩爆预测及防治措施

以四川江边电站隧道为例,由于埋深较深,存在地应力较高引起岩爆和地下水发育等不良地质现象,给施工带来了极大的困难。就此电站施工中的对岩爆处理等措施进行了总结。提出了掌子面喷水、布设释放地应力锚杆、减少隧道壁聚能结构等有效的岩爆防治措施。     

岩爆预测及防治方法综述

岩爆是一种地质灾害,极大地威胁着地下工程施工人员和设备的安全.文章主要介绍了岩爆预测及防治方面的理论研究和实践探索的部分成果,可供地下工程设计和施工人员参考.     

高地应力水平层状硬岩隧道岩爆分级与防控技术研究

本文依托乐汉高速大峡谷隧道,总结分析了高地应力水平层岩爆的特征并提出了岩爆分级标准。在岩爆分级的基础上,提出了针对不同岩爆等级的处置措施。现场实践结果表明,对于弱岩爆可以采用全断面法开挖,降低扰动次数。对于中～强岩爆段,宜采取短进尺分部开挖,降低爆破对围岩的一次性扰动,同时采取应力释放孔、应力解除爆破孔等辅助措施提前释放围岩应力。     

软土路基全过程沉降量预测方法研究

全过程沉降量是软土路基上路堤工程设计的关键要素之一。文章系统介绍了几种常用的全过程沉降预测方法,评价了其各自特点,并提出了相应的改进措施,最后通过典型事例验证了改进方法的有效性和实用性。     

Back-Calculation of Ground Stress Field and Rockburst Analysis for Wunvfeng Tunnel北大核心CSCD

Studying the in-situ stress distribution at a tunnel site is very important to determine surrounding rock characteristics, the engineering design and the construction scheme. By using the multiple linear regression method based on the least square algorithm, the initial geostress field is analyzed and the corresponding regression coefficients are obtained. The ground stress obtained from the proposed back analysis is reasonable and can meet the demands of the engineering applications. From the rockburst risk level distribution diagram, it is speculated that the Wunvfeng tunnel is in the high filed stress area. Field monitoring should be strengthened and emergency plans should be made to cope with the rockburst risks during the construction process. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

上海青草沙原水过江管工程盾构推进段施工风险评估

以国内首例单层衬砌输水隧道——上海青草沙原水过江管隧道为工程背景,在深入研究工程特点、建设要求、工程地质情况、周边及沿线环境的基础上,对工程项目盾构推进段施工过程中的主要风险点进行辨识与分析,并给予风险等级评定,最终结合风险发生机理提出风险控制措施及相应的意见和建议。     

极端复杂地质条件下TBM隧道施工关键技术研究及应用北大核心CSCD

大瑞铁路高黎贡山隧道、引汉济渭秦岭隧洞、滇中引水香炉山隧洞等工程的相继开工建设,使富水破碎极软地层带来的TBM卡机、高地应力极硬岩地层带来的岩爆等TBM施工问题日益凸显。文章首先对比阐述了国内TBM隧道工程建设过程中常遇到的软弱破碎、极硬花岗岩等典型不良地质及其对TBM掘进所带来的影响,在总结分析辽西北供水、引松供水、引洮供水等工程建设过程中出现的隧道局部塌方、TBM卡机等案例及其影响因素的基础上,以极端复杂地质条件TBM掘进关键技术为对象进行了系统研究论述,结果表明:(1)超前地质预报技术是TBM施工应对极端复杂地质的重要手段,但目前尚无法对前方中远距离地质状况进行准确量化预测;基于微震监测分析结果,根据可能发生的轻微、中等、强烈等不同等级的岩爆,制定对应处置措施;节理发育、炭质板岩、断层破碎带等不同软弱破碎地层,应采取针对性的防卡机措施,同时可根据不良地质段的长度来选择合适的脱困方案;(2)TBM推力、推进速度、刀盘转速及扭矩等掘进参数的异常波动,是表征掌子面前方地质条件状态的重要指标,TBM掘进前,根据前期预判的全断面硬岩、软弱破碎等围岩条件,分别选择合适的掘进参数;TBM掘进过程中,应基于掘进参数异常变化,纠正地质条件预判并采取对应的调控措施,进而确保TBM处于最佳掘进状态;(3)针对既有TBM难以适应现有地质条件的情况,以引洮供水隧洞、引红济石隧洞、引汉济渭隧洞等工程为例,对TBM改造技术进行了分析论述。最后,针对极端复杂地质条件下的TBM隧道工程建设新问题及其应对措施进行了展望与探讨。     

Study of the Impact of Single-and Double-tube Tunnel Systems on Rockburst in Deep-buried Extra-long Tunnelling北大核心CSCD

Rockburst is one of the main disasters for tunnelling under high ground stress. Taking the rockburst section of Ping'an Tunnel with high ground stress, which is located on Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway, as the study object, this paper adopts combined methods of filed measurement, numerical analysis, and laboratory test, and with respect to rockburst development mechanism, energy density change and rockburst strength it comprehensively analyzes the impact of two construction schemes (single-tube double-track tunnel system and double-tube single-track tunnel system) on the rockburst in deep-buried extra-long tunnels with high ground stress. The study results show that the order relation of maximum energy density at various locations of the tunnel is Uside wall >Uhance >Utunnel face >Uvault, and rockburst easily occurs at the working face of the tunnel section to be excavated and both side walls of excavated and supported section; compared with vault, hance, side wall and other locations, more energy would be released at the tunnel face, and the stress release holes shall be reasonably installed in the process of excavation; the doubletube single-track tunnel system scheme can effectively reduce the rockburst intensity and the rockburst hazards, so as to better avoid the occurrence of rockburst. © 2022, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

密集行车动载铁路路基下锚索施工工法探索

文章针对密集行车动载铁路路基的施工特点,提出了密集行车动载铁路路基下锚索施工工法,并结合具体工程实例,阐述了该工法施工的工艺流程、技术要点及相应的质量控制措施,验证了该工法的优越性。     

Analysis on the Characteristics and Development Trends of the Support Technology of High Ground Stress Tunnels in China北大核心CSCD

Combining the present situation and development trend of different tunnel support technologies at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the problems of rockburst in hard rock tunnels and large deformation in soft rock tunnels caused by high ground stress. It is concluded that: 1) regarding the rockburst problem, the current support technology is mainly influenced by the rock burst mechanism which is dominated by static factors, and so the used support components are generally of smaller deformation performance and "passive support" properties; 2) as the rockburst is the result of dynamic-static stress coupling, and only the anchor bolt has the "active support" attribute in the current "shotcrete+anchor bolt+wire net" support system, so the best support system should have the two functions of active support and energy release in terms of the rockburst problem, and the key focus of the research and development is anchorage members; 3) there are three main support types for large deformation in soft rock tunnels, e.g. the heavy support, layered support and yielding support. Among them, the heavy support system in underground cavern with large deformation is easy to induce excessive surrounding rock pressure, and so the applicable conditions are limited. The layered support system is still not the best choice due to its immature theoretical study, difficult determination of the thickness value and the installation time of each support layer and the interference to construction progress. With the characteristics of timely support and yielding while supporting, the yielding support system can give full play to the performance values of surrounding rocks and supporting materials, and make both of them reach the optimal state, so it is the best choice for supporting the soft rock tunnels with large deformations. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

新藏公路西藏境段冻土病害防治措施

文章结合国道219线新藏公路冻土病害处治实践，介绍了冻土的工程特性、分类以及该路线上冻土的冰缘作用，提出了在类似冻土地区公路病害的防治措施。     

Using high-resolution event-based data for traffic modeling and control: An overview

Research on using high-resolution event-based data for traffic modeling and control is still at early stage. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview on what has been achieved and also think ahead on what can be achieved in the future. It is our opinion that using high-resolution event data, instead of conventional aggregate data, could bring significant improvements to current research and practices in traffic engineering. Event data records the times when a vehicle arrives at and departs from a vehicle detector. From that, individual vehicle’s on-detector-time and time gap between two consecutive vehicles can be derived. Such detailed information is of great importance for traffic modeling and control. As reviewed in this paper, current research has demonstrated that event data are extremely helpful in the fields of detector error diagnosis, vehicle classification, freeway travel time estimation, arterial performance measure, signal control optimization, traffic safety, traffic flow theory, and environmental studies. In addition, the cost of event data collection is low compared to other data collection techniques since event data can be directly collected from existing controller cabinet without any changes on the infrastructure, and can be continuously collected in 24/7 mode. This brings many research opportunities as suggested in the paper.     

地下结构抗震减震措施与研究方法探讨

由于地下结构一直被认为有较好的抗震性能,所以对其抗震减震的理论研究较少,实际工程中采取的抗震减震措施仅仅停留在经验阶段。通过对地下结构抗震减震措施及其分析方法进行研究,对目前地下结构的震害特点、抗震减震措施和理论分析方法进行了归纳总结。分析表明,地下结构的破坏过程主要受地震位移场的控制,与加速度场的关系不明显,所以应尽快修订《铁路抗震设计规范》中有关隧道抗震部分的条文;高烈度地震区的隧道抗震减震措施的耦合技术、减震机理与随机响应分析及动力可靠度的关系、洞口结构抗减震技术以及不同地震烈度下的设防长度、基础处理技术和减震层参数之间的联系等方面需加强研究。这些成果将为高烈度地震区进行的隧道设计和施工提供理论依据。