钝头列车加装底罩结构的减阻效果分析

为减少钝头列车的气动阻力,对车头圆顶、车体底罩、车间风挡的假想模型进行数值模拟计算。结果表明:钝头列车加装车体底罩及车头前部圆顶等结构,并以高于100km/h的速度运行时,减阻效果良好,行驶速度越高,减阻效果越明显。     

中国高速列车气动减阻优化综述

研究了中国高速列车气动减阻优化进展,总结了典型部件的压力分布特性与各部件在列车气动阻力中的贡献占比,评析了惰行试验、风洞试验与数值模拟3种列车气动阻力研究方法,论述了和谐号、复兴号等系列列车头型气动性能的差异,阐述了高速列车头型气动减阻优化方法与技术,梳理了转向架区域、车端连接处、受电弓及导流罩等局部不平顺区域的气动减...     

Analyse of warm surface rolling on the grooved steel axle

Warm surface rolling is a working process between room temperature and re-crystallization temperature. With warm surface rolling of steel grade 45 grooved axle, its fatigue lifespan was measured by the endurance bending test. The influence of surface rolling reduction on the axle fatigue life period was experimentally studied at different surface rolling temperatures. The experimental results show that the fatigue life of the steel axles can be significantly improved by the warm surface rolling process. The optimum rolling reductions for the maximum fatigue life at different warm surface rolling temperatures were explored. The microstructures of the steel axles were analyzed. The surface strength improved by refining grains after the warm surface rolling was calculated by the Hall-Petch model. These research achievements could be also valuable to the relevant works.     

Dynamic model of underwater snake-like robot using Kane’s method

In this paper, a dynamic model for an underwater snake-like robot is developed based on Kane＇s dynamic equations. This methodology allows construction of the dynamic model simply and incrementally. The partial velocity is deduced. The forces which contribute to dynamics are determined by Kane＇s approach. The generalized active forces and the generalized inertia forces are deduced. The model developed in this paper includes inertia force, inertia moment, gravity, control torques, and three major hydrodynamic forces： added mass, profile drag and buoyancy. The equations of hydrodynamic forces are deduced. Kane＇s method provides a direct approach for incorporating external environmental forces into the model. The dynamic model developed in this paper is obtained in a closed form which is well suited for control purposes. It is also computationally efficient and has physical insight into what forces really influence the system dynamics. The simulation result shows that the proposed method is feasible.     

桥梁墩柱三维绕流特性精细化研究

为了深入研究桥梁墩柱水流力的特点及产生机理,对典型桥墩模型考虑自由液面影响时的三维绕流展开了精细化研究. 采用ANSYS FLUENT 作为数值模拟工具,研究了整个墩柱阻力和升力特点,并将墩柱模型从柱底到柱顶划分为5个分段,对比了各个分段阻力、升力特点及沿着水深的变化规律,进一步分析了自由液面、底部边界对漩涡结构的影响,阐述了流场三维特性与墩柱水流力之间的关系. 研究结果表明:墩柱水流力沿着水深是非一致分布的,墩柱分为5段（c1～c5）,其中c1～c4分段阻力均值与圆柱整体受力的比值分别约为25%、30%、25%、20%,c5分段处于空气中受力贡献近似为0;另外阻力振幅、升力振幅中下部较大,而底部、中上部、液面处较小;漩涡交替脱落导致墩柱左右两侧自由液面交替起伏,自由液面对漩涡产生抑制作用,自由液面处产生多个尺度不同的漩涡,这与液面下仅有两个交替脱落的漩涡是不同的;墩柱中下部漩涡脱落比其余位置有所滞后,导致柱体不同分段处升力有明显的相位差;墩柱升力振幅与阻力均值分别为5.511 N和3.695 N,相差不大,升力引起的桥墩或桥梁的振动不可忽视.      

都市快轨列车圆形与矩形隧道运行气动特性数值分析

基于连续性方程Reynolds时均Navier-Stokes方程以及RNG k-ε湍动能模型方程对都市快轨列车隧道运行的空气动力流场进行数值计算.研究在以160 km/h隧道运行速度分别通过圆形和矩形隧道的工况下,从列车进入隧道直至整车完全驶出隧道的空气阻力以及车体表面压力变化情况,并对圆形及矩形隧道流场特性进行对比.计算结果表明:列车在矩形隧道和圆形隧道运行过程中的最大阻力分别达到15 458.5 N和13 829.3 N,最大表面压力分别达到4252.3 Pa和3 815.8 Pa.在两种隧道中运行的列车阻力变化规律及列车表面压力变化规律相同,矩形隧道运行时列车的最大阻力与圆形隧道相比增加了14.3％,表面最大压力增加了l3.8％.     

船舶气泡润滑技术简介

目前,燃油价格不断上涨、市场不确定性突显、竞争日益激烈、气候变化以及社会上对环境保护的压力越来越大,迫使全球航运业在2020年之前要做出变化,采用新技术新概念以适应航运市场需求。本文介绍了一种通过向船舶底部注入气泡从而减小船舶与海水之间摩擦力的新型船舶节能减排技术：船舶气泡润滑技术。     

不良地质条件下盾构法施工隧道地表沉降规律研究

结合我国某市地铁某标段工程实例,采用数值模拟的方法对该标段不良地质条件下盾构法施工隧道地表沉降规律进行研究。研究结果表明:盾构法施工隧道因其不易受到外界环境的影响,在隧道开挖过程中围岩变形较小,变形区域基本呈槽型;数值模拟结果和实测数据结果基本吻合,最大沉降为4.5mm左右,且发生在隧道正上方。     

水下悬浮隧道管段结构流阻特性分析

为探讨结构断面形状对悬浮隧道管段表面压力分布的影响,采用ANSYS流体模块RNG(renormalizationgroup)k-ε湍流模型,对圆形、多边形、曲边形和椭圆形4种断面的悬浮隧道管段海水绕流场进行了数值模拟,分析了绕流场及管段表面的压力分布特点.结果表明,同种断面悬浮隧道管段表面的压力分布规律相同,压力值随来流速度变化明显;管段曲率是影响绕流场的重要参数,海流在流线形断面上分离晚,表面压力下降较慢,降低了管段上的海流阻力.     

Research on Nonlinear Dynamic Simulation and Fatigue Reliability Life Prediction for Synthesis Transmission System of Self-Propelled Gun

Aiming to the puzzle that the inner load of nonlinear synthesis transmission system is difficult to obtain, a new kind of virtual prototype establishment and simulation method is put forward. The influence on nonlinear vibration with flexible rotor, bearing backlash is analyzed based on a virtual prototype. To validate the virtual prototype of nonlinear gear transmission system, the corresponding test platform is established. The consistency between simulation results and test results proves that the simulation results of the virtual prototype can be used to calculate the fatigue reliability life of key components. A new kind of fatigue reliability life prediction method of gear system considering multi-random parameter distribution is put forward based on the fatiguestatistic theory. Considering the periodicity of gear meshing, linear interpolation method is adopted to obtain the stress-time course of random load spectrum based on the gear’s complicated torque provided by virtual prototype. The gear’s P-S_a-S_m-N curved cluster can be simulated based on material’s P-S-N curve. The simulation process considers the parameter distributions of stress concentration coefficients, dimension coefficients and surface quality treatment coefficients, and settles the puzzle that traditional test methods cannot acquire the gear’s fatigue life of all reliability levels. This method can provide the distribution function and the interval of fatigue reliability life of gear’s danger region, and has a guide meaning for the gear maintenance periods determination and reliability evaluation.     

川藏铁路特殊气象环境对动车组隧道气动阻力的影响

为研究川藏铁路温度与气压条件变化对动车组隧道气动阻力的影响，通过调研川藏铁路雅安至林芝段各站点气象数据，建立了川藏铁路特殊高原气象条件下动车组列车隧道气动阻力的计算模型，分析了川藏铁路沿线气压与温度变化对动车组隧道气动阻力的影响. 研究结果表明:动车组列车的隧道气动阻力与线路环境的气压、温度密切相关；环境气压越低，隧道气动阻力越小，环境温度越低，隧道气动阻力越大；与平原地区的气象环境相比，川藏铁路沿线气压变化对动车组列车隧道运行阻力的影响能达到30%左右，温度变化对动车组隧道运行阻力的影响在10%左右.      

高速列车气动性能低温风洞试验

采用低温风洞试验对比了中国高速列车HST、法国高速列车TGV和德国高速列车ICE3的气动性能; 基于EN 14067和TSI标准在铝质材料模型上测试了不同侧偏角下列车阻力、升力和倾覆力矩; 利用粒子图像测速技术测量了列车周围流场, 得到了高速列车与空气的相互作用机理和气动现象; 采用计算流体力学方法模拟了高速列车实际运行情况, 并与低温风洞试验流场测试结果进行了对比。研究结果表明: 0°~10°侧偏角下列车阻力系数绝对值从大到小依次为HST、ICE3、TGV, 侧偏角为0°时, 3种列车的阻力系数分别为0.223、0.166、0.140;0°~5°侧偏角下列车升力系数绝对值从大到小依次为TGV、ICE3、HST, 且数值均接近0, 其中ICE3、HST为正升力, 列车受压向轨面力, TGV为负升力, 列车受上浮力; 0°~5°侧偏角下列车倾覆力矩系数绝对值从大到小依次为TGV、HST、ICE3, 侧偏角为0°时, 3种列车倾覆力矩系数分别为0.021、0.019、0.011;HST高速列车由于头部双层造型设计, 在头部曲面过渡处出现流动分离, 增大了列车摩擦阻力和压差阻力, 导致列车阻力系数比TGV和ICE3偏大一些, 但阻力系数在高速列车头型设计技术要求限值0.25之内, 且升力和倾覆力矩性能较好, 列车具有良好的稳定性, 满足高速列车头型气动设计的工程需求。      

Human machine collaborative support scheduling system of intelligence information from multiple unmanned aerial vehicles based on eye tracker

Many human-machine collaborative support scheduling systems are used to aid human decision making by providing several optimal scheduling algorithms that do not take operator’s attention into consideration. However, the current systems should take advantage of the operator’s attention to obtain the optimal solution. In this paper, we innovatively propose a human-machine collaborative support scheduling system of intelligence information from multi-UAVs based on eye-tracker. Firstly, the target recognition algorithm is applied to the images from the multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (multi-UAVs) to recognize the targets in the images. Then, the support system utilizes the eye tracker to gain the eye-gaze points which are intended to obtain the focused targets in the images. Finally, the heuristic scheduling algorithms take both the attributes of targets and the operator’s attention into consideration to obtain the sequence of the images. As the processing time of the images collected by the multi-UAVs is uncertain, however the upper bounds and lower bounds of the processing time are known before. So the processing time of the images is modeled by the interval processing time. The objective of the scheduling problem is to minimize mean weighted completion time. This paper proposes some new polynomial time heuristic scheduling algorithms which firstly schedule the images including the focused targets. We conduct the scheduling experiments under six different distributions. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm is not sensitive to the different distributions of the processing time and has a negligible computational time. The absolute error of the best performing heuristic solution is only about 1%. Then, we incorporate the best performing heuristic algorithm into the human-machine collaborative support systems to verify the performance of the system.     

桥隧过渡段高速列车行车抗风安全分析

列车由隧道驶上桥梁时会承受突变的风荷载，列车的响应发生突变，导致列车的行车安全受到威胁. 以某客运专线桥隧过渡段为研究背景，通过计算流体动力学 （CFD） 数值模拟和车桥耦合振动分析，计算了CRH3型列车通过桥隧过渡段时受到的气动力及车辆响应；对比分析了头车、中间车及尾车的气动力及列车响应，研究了大风攻角对列车气动力及行车响应的影响，探讨了最不利的安全指标. 研究结果表明:越靠近车头的车体，气动力突变与列车响应越大；相比0° 攻角，正风攻角对行车相对有利，+7° 的风攻角下列车受到的气动阻力和力矩减小了约10%；负风攻角会增大列车的气动力突变效应和行车响应，?7° 风攻角下列车受到的气动阻力和力矩增加了约10%；风速在22.5 m/s以下时，CRH3列车能够以200 km/h的车速安全通过桥隧过渡段；20 m/s风速时，车速在325 km/h以下时列车能够安全通过桥隧过渡段；随着车速与风速的增加，轮轴横向力是首先超限的安全性指标.      

宜巴高速公路香溪河库区某滑坡渗流及稳定性分析

根据三峡库区库水位调控方案,对宜昌-巴东高速公路三峡库区香溪河段某滑坡进行稳定性分析.采用有限元程序模拟该滑坡在库水位涨落条件下的非稳定渗流场变化过程,得到了库区不同蓄水速率和消落速率边界条件下滑坡内孔隙水压力和浸润线的分布规律;基于渗流计算结果,并利用摩根斯坦-普赖斯极限平衡法分析了对应边界和工况条件下滑坡稳定性系数变化.研究结果表明:由于该滑坡前缘涉水体积小,渗流场受库水涨落幅度和速率影响小,以致滑坡稳定性变化幅度不大,总体变化波动为1.2%～1.7%;库水涨落过程中的稳定性系数均呈现出先递减然后递增的V形变化趋势;而且蓄水和消落速率越大,滑坡稳定性减小的幅度和速率越大,表明库水涨落速率是控制库岸滑坡稳定性的主要因素之一.     

圆坑织构高速列车气固界面的摩擦噪声分析

以Prandtl边界层理论和摩擦噪声理论为基础,建立了高速列车车厢气固界面的噪声模型,分析了边界层内部的压力场、速度场和噪声分布情况。仿生猎隼表面织构,以表面织构产生微小的涡流场减小空气摩擦阻力,并设计了车厢表面的圆坑织构,分析了圆坑织构参数对摩擦噪声分布的影响。分析结果表明:优化织构的深径比、面积比与织构的拓扑结构可取得显著的降噪效果,与光滑界面相比,优化深径比的织构的摩擦噪声的最大降幅达到11dB,其他织构在一定高度能降低4～5dB。     

高速磁浮列车气动阻力性能数值模拟与参数化评估

基于粘性流体力学理论,按三维可压缩粘性流对具有流线型头部形状的TR08列车以及通过变化流线型头部纵剖面高度或流线型头部长度设计出的4种新头型列车的周围流场进行了数值模拟。为评估不同流线型头部外形的气动阻力性能,定义了表示其形状特征的整体长细比作为评估依据,综合考虑了流线型头部水平投影形状和纵向对称面投影形状对气动阻力性能的影响。通过对5种不同头型列车的模拟结果进行对比分析,得出了流线型头部外形对气动阻力性能影响的规律:随着流线型头部长度增加,气动阻力降低,而中间车阻力变化不大;在头部流线型长度相当的情况下,纵剖面轮廓线上凸的头车气动阻力比下凹的小,而尾车气动阻力大。计算得到的不同流线型列车的整体长细比大小排序与其气动阻力系数排序完全一致。分析结果表明,增加流线型头部长度是减小气动阻力的有效途径;整体长细比能较好地反映流线型头部对列车气动阻力性能的影响。     

Numerical study for turbulent flow of drag and flow noise with wavy wall

In this paper, a numerical simulation of flow-induced noise by the low Mach number turbulent flow with a sinusoidal wavy wall was presented based on the unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and Lighthill’s acoustic analogy. Large eddy simulation (LES) was used to investigate the space-time flow field and the Smagorinsky sub-grid scale (SGS) model was introduced for turbulence model. Using Lighthill’s acoustics analogy, the flow field simulated by LES was taken as near-field sound sources and radiated sound from turbulent flow was computed by the Curle’s integral formulation under the low Mach number approximation. Both spanwise wavy wall and streamwise wavy wall with various wall wave amplitudes were discussed to investigate their effects on reducing the drag and flow noise. The relationship between flow noise and drag on the wavy wall is also studied.     

Rain-Wind Induced Vibration Mitigation of Stay Cables by Aerodynamic Means

Stay cables with various surface profiles were tested in wind tunnel.Dimples and helical fillets were applied to mitigate the rain-wind induced vibration.The rain-wind excited responses of the cable with smooth surface were larger than those of the cables with dimples and helical fillets.At high Reynolds number,the drag coefficients of cables with dimples and helical fillets are much larger than those of smooth surface cable.     

导热系数对寒区隧道温度场时空分布的影响

寒区隧道温度场对其抗防冻设计至关重要,围岩和支护结构的导热系数对温度场时空分布具有显著影响. 以寒区公路运营隧道为计算模型,采用理论推导、现场实测、数值仿真等方法对寒区隧道温度场的时空分布受导热系数的影响规律进行了研究. 研究结果表明:在任意时间点,变温圈内各点的温度均随支护结构导热系数的增大而降低,且支护导热系数越大,同位置处的温度降低速率越小;在任意时间点,支护温度随围岩导热系数的增大而升高,围岩温度随其导热系数的变化呈现分区性;可将围岩变温圈分为Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区:Ⅰ区内的各点温度随围岩导热系数的增大而升高;Ⅱ区内的各点温度随围岩导热系数的增大而降低;时间越长,Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区分界线的斜率和截距越大. 研究成果可为寒区隧道的抗防冻设计及选线提供借鉴和参考.