CBTC系统数据通信子系统的可靠性分析

基于通信的列车控制系统（CBTC）通过连续的车地双向数据通信对列车进行控制和监督,而系统各个实体之间的信息交互是基于数据通信子系统（DCS）的。本文首先简单介绍CBTC系统的基本结构和相关安全水平,然后再介绍DCS的基本结构,并对DCS的可靠性进行详细而具体的分析,包括冗余性策略和故障一安全策略。     

基于形态学分形维数的输电线路故障选相方法

输电线路故障信号是一种典型的非线性信号,分形几何理论为描述非线性故障信号的特性提供了一个有力的分析工具。针对传统分形维数的局限性,本文提出了一种基于局域均值分解（local mean decomposition,LMD）-形态学的分形维数-Elman神经网络的输电线路故障选相新方法。该方法通过对故障电流进行相模转换后,对单一线模分量进行LMD分解得到若干乘积函数（product function,PF）分量,然后选取前4个PF分量进行数学形态学的分形维数估计,最后形成特征向量作为Elman神经网络的输入参数。仿真试验表明：提出的故障分类识别方法能快速、准确地识别各类故障,并且不易受故障初始角、故障位置和过渡电阻的影响,与传统的BP神经网络相比,Elman神经网络具有更好的效果,为准确判断输电线路故障选相提供了一种快速有效的新方法。     

Logistic Regression Based Arc Fault Detection in Photovoltaic Systems Under Different Conditions

This paper investigates direct current(DC) arc fault detection in photovoltaic system. In order to avoid the risk of fire ignition caused by the arc fault in the photovoltaic power supply, it is urgent to detect the DC arc fault in the photovoltaic system. Once an arc fault is detected, the power supply should be cut off immediately. A lot of field experiments are carried out to obtain the data of arc fault current of the photovoltaic system under different current conditions. Cable length, arc gap, and the effects of different sensors are tested.These three conditions are the most significant features of this paper. Four characteristic variables from both the time domain and the frequency domain are extracted to identify the arc fault. Then the logistic regression method in the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning is originally used to analyze the experimental results of arc fault in the photovoltaic system. The function between the probability of the arc fault and the change of the characteristic variables is obtained. After validating 80 groups of experimental data under different conditions,the accuracy rate of the arc fault detection by this algorithm is proved to reach 100%.     

基于Petri 网模型的铁路快捷货运产品可靠性评价

为准确评价及预测铁路快捷货运产品的可靠性,在全面分析铁路快捷货运产品可靠性影响因素的基础上,建立用于产品可靠性评价的故障树模型,并采用下行法求取故障树的最小割集;结合Petri 网建模方法与故障树基本理论,将产品故障树转化为 Petri 网仿真模型,并证明两者的等价性;利用Matlab 仿真软件进行基于关联矩阵的Petri 网模型求解,并以北京-上海间特快货物班列为例,得到该产品的可靠度及故障因素重要度排序.实证结果显示,应用Petri 网模型来求解产品可靠性评价问题,不仅能够有效提升求解过程的效率,而且准确易行.研究成果可以为提高铁路快捷货运产品可靠性和市场竞争力提供科学依据和必要支撑.     

航空发动机转子碰摩故障信号广义S变换方法

为了有效提取航空发动机转子碰摩故障信号,提高碰摩故障诊断的准确性,采用广义S变换方法,把碰摩信号变换到相空间中,在相空间检测和提取故障特征,并与连续小波变换的结果进行了比较。变换分析结果表明:在广义S变换域可以更清楚地反映出信号的时频局域化特性和奇异点位置,易于检测出碰摩点的位置,广义S变换有较好的抗干扰能力,在变换域易于信号与噪声的分离。     

A Fuzzy Fault Diagnosis Method for Large Radar Based on Directed Graph Model

To meet the requirement of the real-time, accuracy and multi-target diagnosis of the large radar system,a new fuzzy fault diagnosis method based on directed graph model is proposed in this paper. In this method, the large complex system model is defined using the directed graph model firstly, in which the nodes observing the fault by the hierarchical reconstruction of the directed graph are located, then the fault dependency matrix between these nodes and the fault sources are established. And then, we utilize the sensors’ alarm probabilities under different situations to build the characteristic fault observation matrix in the fault observation space. Finally,the optimized corresponding diagnosis method using a fuzzy function, which describes the similarity between the actual observation vector and the fault’s characteristic vector, is designed. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve high diagnosis efficiency and accuracy. It can be widely used in the real radar system.     

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车辆阴影分割是智能交通领域中车辆识别的一项重要内容,阴影分割的好坏直接影响到车辆识别的准确性以及整个智能交通监控系统的性能。针对当前基于RGB和HSV颜色空间的车辆阴影分割算法缺陷与不足,本文提出了一种新的基于YCbCr空间的车辆阴影分割算法。首先选取图像中的运动区域,运动区域包括车辆以及阴影;然后根据阴影区域出现的特点,选择初始阴影数据;最后,通过本文提出的阴影分割算法最终确定阴影区域的形状与位置。经过实际道路运行测试,该算法能提取出的车辆阴影完整性好,具有较好的鲁棒性,在智能交通领域具有一定的应用价值与前景。车辆阴影分割是智能交通领域中车辆识别的一项重要内容,阴影分割的好坏直接影响到车辆识别的准确性以及整个智能交通监控系统的性能。针对当前基于RGB和HSV颜色空间的车辆阴影分割算法缺陷与不足,本文提出了一种新的基于YCbCr空间的车辆阴影分割算法。首先选取图像中的运动区域,运动区域包括车辆以及阴影;然后根据阴影区域出现的特点,选择初始阴影数据;最后,通过本文提出的阴影分割算法最终确定阴影区域的形状与位置。经过实际道路运行测试,该算法能提取出的车辆阴影完整性好,具有较好的鲁棒性,在智能交通领域具有一定的应用价值与前景。     

一种新的PID参数自整定算法及其应用

本文从湖北化肥厂合成氨装置DCS系统中PID参数需手动整定的实际出发，应用系统辨识的原理，推导出一种新的HD参数自整定算法。在湖北化肥厂原DCS系统的基础上，增加一台操作站，该操作站用于下装PID参数自整定软件和基于OPC的数据接口软件，实现PID参数自整定功能。本文将这种PID自整定算法在湖北化肥厂DCS系统中进行实验，得出了HD参数自整定前后PV趋势对比图，验证了这种PID自整定算法的可行性。     

Parameter identification algorithm for fault location using one terminal data based on frequency domain

Fault locationtechniques for power systemhavebeen investigated for many years.The quicker theaccurate location of a fault,the faster the electricpower restoration of service.The fault location techniques can be classifiedintot wo classes:one uses the data fromone ter minalof trans mission line;the other uses the data fromboth ter minals.The accuracy of one ter minal faultlocators is affected by the assumptions about thefault resistance,the source i mpedance,and the cur-rent flowinto fault from…     

LARGE SIGNAL DISCRETE-TIME MODEL FOR PARALLELED BUCK CONVERTERS

Introduction　　 In recent years,due to the rapid advances ofcomputer and communication,the power suppliesmust provide high current up to hundreds of am-peres and still have high efficiency and reliability.Under such requirements,multimodule- parallelingstructure is usually used and the load current isequally shared. The practical implementation ofthese distributed converters system is not alwaysstraightforward and various control problems arisebecause of undesirable interaction among subsys-t…     

An Innovative On-Board Computer for Space Robot

In this paper an on-board computer system for the first Chinese Intelligent Space Robotic System was presented. A fault tolerance design on on-board computer （OBC） was proposed that allows commercial-off-the-shelf （COTS） devices to be incorporated into dual processing modules of on-board computer. The processing module is composed of 32-bit ARM RISC processor and other COTS devices. This innovative approach deeply relies on light weight/low cost equipment development using commercial miniaturized parts and non-space qualified technologies. As well as, a set of fault handling mechanisms was implemented in the computer system. The on-board software was organized around a set of processes that communicate between each other through a routing process. The qualification experiment shows that the fault tolerant on-board computer has excellent data processing capability and is enough to meet the demanding of the extremely tight constraints on mass, volume, power consumption and space environmental conditions.     

FAULT IDENTIFICATION IN HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS USING TIME SERIES ANALYSIS

Fault management is crucial to provide quality of service grantees for the future networks, and fault identification is an essential part of it. A novel fault identification algorithm is proposed in this paper, which focuses on the anomaly detection of network traffic. Since the fault identification has been achieved using statistical information in management information base, the algorithm is compatible with the existing simple network management protocol framework. The network traffic time series is verified to be non-stationary. By fitting the adaptive autoregressive model, the series is transformed into a multidimensional vector. The training samples and identifiers are acquired from the network simulation. A k-nearest neighbor classifier identifies the system faults after being trained. The experiment results are consistent with the given fault scenarios, Which prove the accuracy of the algorithm. The identification errors are discussed to illustrate that the novel fault identification algorithm is adaptive in the fault scenarios with network traffic change.     

建筑相变储能技术研究现状与发展

作为一项重要的建筑节能技术,相变储能技术可解决建筑能源供求在时间、空间和强度上不匹配的矛盾.综述了建筑储能相变材料的制备与导热性能增强、相变单元传热特性及传热强化、建筑相变储能系统的研发与应用,总结了材料研发、系统性能评估、系统应用技术开发等3个方面的不足,指出了未来研究重点,即开发性能稳定且蓄放热能力强的相变材料、有效预测多物理过程和多相态储能系统的动态性能和实现无人工干预条件下储能系统的自主有效运行等.      

基于TAIO变异的CTCS-3列控系统测试案例生成方法

为了研究高覆盖已知故障集的中国列车运行控制系统三级（CTCS-3）测试案例生成方法，提出了一种基于输入输出时间自动机（TAIO）变异分析的测试案例生成方法. 结合列控系统模式转换的故障特点，设计了包含模式转换已知故障的8种变异算子（改变行为、改变目标位置、改变源位置等），形成了15 106个变异体；利用输入输出一致性关系（tioco）和k-Bounded模型检验方法生成了10 843个测试案例；应用一致性关系分数（CRS）、平均一致性关系分数（ACRS）和加权一致性关系分数（WCRS）进行了故障覆盖度的分析. 研究结果表明:该方法设计和生成的测试案例能够有效覆盖改变行为、改变不变量和增加sink位置3种故障模式，而对于约束取反和复位取反的故障模式覆盖度不高，需通过额外的观测信息来检测故障.      

基于CPN高铁临时限速数据融合方案验证

高速铁路列控系统中C3单元和C2单元相对独立控车,两套系统中的列控数据在系统层之间缺乏共享和约束机制.本文在分析系统结构和数据传输特性的基础上,提出一种基于数据融合,提升高速铁路临时限速安全性的方案,并利用有色Petri网（CPN）对融合方案进行建模.通过仿真软件分层和赋时功能构造系统顶层模型、临时限速生成子模型、故障子模型、融合子模型和时间序列,模拟临时限速信息传输过程中的系统状态和行为.仿真结果表明：在故障注入情况下,数据融合方案在一定程度降低了错误数据的输出,提高了系统的安全性.     

基于AHP-独立性权数法的列车旅客界面设计评价

为了克服高速列车旅客界面现有评价模型指标单一、赋权方法主观随意性、缺乏定量分析的局限性,首先,对新型双层高速列车的试验样车展开满意度调查,在此基础上从评价指标的全面性、系统性和层次性出发,构建了由设施尺度、安全设计、功能使用、空间环境和美学设计5类评价准则和36项具体指标组成的层次指标体系;其次,提出一种AHP法（层次分析法）结合独立性权数法赋权值的模糊综合评价模型,保留了专家的主观意见和乘客体验调查数据中的客观信息;最后,基于专家判断数据和调查评分数据求解了旅客界面评价指标体系的各层级权重,解算了新造样车和既有列车的评价等级. 研究结果表明:新造样车的评语等级为满意,隶属度为0.3977,既有列车评语等级为非常满意,隶属度为0.4422;根据权重计算得出旅客界面的设计改进顺序应为设施尺度、功能操作、空间环境、安全设计和美学设计;各评价准则中座椅人机曲面、设施尖角圆润、座椅可调性、空气质量和色彩协调性是对乘客满意度影响最大的因素.      

信息融合技术在船用电机故障诊断中的应用研究

在船舶电气设备的运行管理中,电机故障时有发生.电机故障不仅仅影响电机本身,有时可能对所驱动的负载造成很大的影响,一旦电机发生故障,就可能导致动力系统和电力系统的服务中止,从而威胁船舶航行的安全.通过大量的资料分析研究,采用信息融合故障诊断技术可以提高故障诊断的准确性.早发现故障征兆,进行视情维修,不仅可以防止突发事故,保障航运安全,而且可以减少维修费用,提高设备的利用率,为航运事业带来良好的经济效益和社会效益.     

基于改进YCrCb颜色空间的肤色分割

人脸识别是计算机视觉、模式识别、生物特征识别、图像处理等多学科交叉的一门科学,肤色分割是人脸识别研究中一个重要的步骤。针对基于YCrCb颜色空间的肤色分割在强光下分割不准确的现状,提出了一种基于改进的YCrCb空间的肤色分割方法,本文利用改进YCrCb颜色空间提高了强光下肤色分割的准确性和适应性。实验证明该算法减弱了光线强弱对人脸肤色分割的影响,更加准确的找到人脸区域,误检率较低。     

铁路自闭贯通线路故障检测模型

通过分析10kV自闭贯通线路短路和接地故障特征，建立了故障检测模型，对铁路自闭贯通线路发生相间短路故障和单相接地故障进行了仿真．仿真分析结果表明，利用此模型判断相间短路和单相接地故障类型及所在区间是可行的．     

基于KPCA和ANFIS的色彩校正

提出结合核主成分分析（KPCA）和自适应神经模糊推理系统（ANFIS）的色彩校正（KPCA_ANFIS）算法.首先将数据通过核函数映射到高维空间,再通过KPCA提取主成分,最后通过ANFIS学习达到色彩校正的目的.实验结果验证了ANFIS用于色彩校正的可行性和有效性,KPCA_ANFIS算法的精度和鲁棒性均优于传统ANFIS.对测试数据（训练数据）的平均误差、最大误差和标准差较传统ANFIS分别下降了37%（45%）,34%（40%）和35%（40%）.