纤维增强复合材料疲劳渐进破坏过程的Monte-Carlo模拟

基于纤维增强复合材料的热/机械疲劳损伤机理,考虑纤维强度的统计特性和金属基体循环响应的特征,发展了纤维断裂、基体和界面局部循环塑性以及基体/纤维脱粘等细观模式控制的疲劳破坏分析模型,结合Monte-Carlo方法研究了复合材料在循环载荷作用下的渐进破坏过程和疲劳行为,将纤维的统计强度、基体热塑性以及界面特性与复合材料的疲劳寿命定量地联系起来。     

基于管道极限承载能力分析的深水S型铺管托管架基本设计研究

S型铺管托管架是铺管系统中的重要装备,起到支撑管道和引导管道入水的作用。其基本设计流程是一个复杂的循环过程,涉及铺管船推进力、张紧器张力、待铺设管道的尺寸和铺设水深等诸多参数的平衡和优选。本文基于下弯段管道在弯曲、拉伸和外压综合荷载作用下的极限承载能力分析,求解了铺管船推进力和张紧器拉力,并以此为边界条件推导了托管架长度的参数公式。以2500米水深铺设12英寸管道为例计算了所需的托管架曲率半径和设计长度,该计算方法可为S型铺管船托管架的基本设计提供参考。     

无粘接脐带缆轴对称响应与疲劳特性分析研究

为了提高对脐带缆力学特性的研究,便于设计,文中提出了一种脐带缆拉伸载荷作用下的理论模型.在总体控制方程中对拉伸过程中骨架层的径向缩减.针对给定的无粘结脐带缆脐,建立了有限元模型,模拟分析了骨架层的径向缩减对应力分布的影响.通过对拉伸刚度试验对比,理论分析与试验吻合度较高.基于解析模型,分析了径向缩减对拉伸刚度的影响.此外,在应力分析的基础上,对无粘结脐带缆在拉伸载荷作用下的的疲劳特性进行了研究.     

Dynamic simulation of subsea pipeline and trawl board pull-over interaction

This paper presents a novel strategy based on the finite element method for prediction of fishing gear interference loads on subsea pipelines. Trawl board pull-over interaction is addressed with emphasis on hydrodynamic load representation, handling of pipe-trawl contact and modeling of the trawl gear system. A validation study involving 34 model test runs was carried out for three trawl boards with variation of pipe span height, towing velocity, towing line stiffness and pipe support conditions. The simulated bias of the load impulse was found to be within a 10% margin of the model test measurements. Based on the validated numerical model a sensitivity analysis involving nearly 250 simulations was conducted. The interaction behavior was seen to be greatly influenced by the board-pipe friction coefficient, the tension level in the wire between board and trawl net, the towing line drag properties and the direction of over-trawling.     

Influence of mesh size,stress triaxiality and damage induced softening on ductile fracture of large-scale shell structures

In this investigation, ductile fracture in stiffened and unstiffened panels is simulated employing the fracture criterion, which depends on the mesh size, stress state and damage induced softening. The aim of the study is to show that employed fracture criterion removes mesh size effects more efficiently than traditional fracture criteria adjusted only on the basis of uniaxial tension. Fracture model is implemented into Finite Element software ABAQUS using user-defined material, VUMAT-subroutine, available for shell elements. Mesh size sensitivity analysis is carried out. Finite element simulation results are validated with experimental measurements available in literature. Comparison of numerical and experimental results shows that simulations effectively capture most of the experimentally observed features, especially when considering different mesh densities. In most cases, mesh size effects are considerably reduced compared with the fracture criteria adjusted on the basis of a uniaxial tension.     

深海系泊缆的动刚度特性

针对纤维缆在交变载荷作用下存在的动刚度问题,基于集中质量法的思想建立了系缆的动张力计算模型,编制了能够有效分析系泊系统动力响应的源程序.将张力程序计算结果与商业软件计算结果进行对比,验证了算法程序的准确性,并在此基础上分析了纤维缆复杂的应力应变行为,采用统计的原理计算平均张力和张力幅值,将动刚度引入模型中探究其对系泊张力的影响.此外,分析系统在不同运动形式及环境载荷下的张力结果,研究考虑动刚度后系统参数对系泊张力的影响规律.     

Experimental study on the interlayer friction and wear mechanism between armor wires of umbilicals

Friction and wear behavior between armor wire layers of umbilical plays an important role in its mechanical properties, in particular its fatigue life. The present paper addresses friction tests to investigate the interlayer sliding friction and wear mechanism of armor wires in an umbilical. A series of friction tests were carried out to study the evolution of coefficient of friction (COF) and wear between armor wire layers. The results show that the COF increases with increasing number of reciprocating sliding cycles in dry friction condition. A dual stable trend was found in the evolution process of interlayer friction and wear of armor wires. A friction model was proposed to describe this trend by dividing the evolution process into three stages: the initial stable stage, the transition stage, and the latter stable stage. The mechanism of the dual stable trend was revealed, which was mainly caused by wear process of nylon fiber tape, and effected by dry/wet wear condition and wear coefficient. The effect of the contact condition, sliding amplitude and number of nylon fiber tape on COF was studied. The COF of the latter stable stage increases with increasing sliding amplitude and number of layers of nylon fiber tape. The finding in this paper provides a valuable approach for a more accurate fatigue life prediction of an umbilical.     

船舶操纵模拟器中的系缆张力模型

建立了可适用于6个自由度船舶操纵运动数学模型的系缆张力计算模型。系缆的应变满足虎克定律,利用悬链线方程和虎克定律推导出的系缆无应力长度的计算公式,根据计算出的系缆无应力长度和系缆的实际长度的对应关系,用试算法计算系缆张力;否则,忽略系缆的自重,通过由系缆的应变曲线图拟合的多项式来计算系缆张力,并分别计算了系缆的水平张力和竖直张力。进行了系缆破断强度的计算,并对系缆张力是否超出安全负荷以及系缆是否破断进行了判断。计算实例验证了模型的正确性和实用性。     

考虑累积塑性的船体裂纹板变幅低周疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究

船舶结构的扩展断裂失效往往是低周疲劳破坏和累积递增塑性耦合作用的结果,疲劳裂纹的扩展就是裂纹尖端前缘材料刚度不断降低、延展性不断耗失而逐渐分离的过程。基于弹塑性断裂力学理论,文章在作者对常幅载荷下提出的考虑累积塑性损伤的低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率预测模型的基础上对具有单个过载峰的拉伸/压缩过载下的扩展行为进行了研究。通过低周疲劳裂纹扩展试验进一步验证了该预测模型能合理评估具有单个过载峰的拉伸/压缩过载下的低周疲劳裂纹扩展行为。     

基于改进的统一疲劳裂纹扩展速率模型的表面裂纹扩展规律预报

很多学者对表面裂纹形状变化规律进行了研究,但是理论上仍存在较大缺陷,因此现有方法预报结果的准确性有待考察。文章作者们提出了一个改进的统一疲劳裂纹扩展速率模型,本模型合理考虑了材料的非线性效应和裂纹前缘的三维约束效应及三维约束大小在前缘各点的分布函数。通过引入等效厚度的概念及法线方向扩展的假定较好地考虑了裂纹前缘各点对扩展之后形状比变化规律的影响,预报得到的裂纹前缘形状能够观察到明显的边界点扩展滞后现象,同时本模型预报结果与试验结果及传统模型预报结果进行了比较,证明本模型提高了表面裂纹扩展规律预报的精度。     

Numerical simulation of fatigue crack propagation under superimposed stress histories containing different frequency components with several mean stress conditions

Fatigue crack propagation behavior under superimposed stress histories containing different frequency components with several mean stress conditions was investigated. Numerical simulation of fatigue crack propagation based on an advanced fracture mechanics approach using the RPG (Re-tensile Plastic zone Generating) stress criterion for fatigue crack propagation was improved to extract the effective part from the applied stress history for fatigue crack propagation. The parameter, which is based on the plastic hysteresis energy consumed in the vicinity of a crack tip, was applied and implemented into the numerical simulation code of fatigue crack propagation. Fatigue crack propagation tests under various superimposed stress conditions with several mean stress conditions were performed and compared with the fatigue crack propagation histories obtained from the improved numerical simulations. These comparisons show the validity of the proposed procedure for extracting the effective stress history from the superimposed stress histories with different frequency components and mean stresses. Additionally, practical fatigue strength evaluations based on the linear cumulative fatigue damage parameter were conducted to investigate the tendency of the fatigue damage value under these stress conditions.     

橡胶-碳纤维复合水润滑轴承材料的研究

为探究橡胶-碳纤维复合橡胶水润滑轴承材料的摩擦学性能,在SSB-100型船舶艉轴承试验机上,对复合橡胶轴承材料和普通橡胶轴承材料进行台架上的摩擦、磨损试验结果表明：复合橡胶轴承材料的力学性能、摩擦、磨损性能均优于普通橡胶,即碳纤维的加入可以改善普通水润滑橡胶轴承的综合性能。     

用于海洋结构的锌矩阵/TiO_2-WO_3纳米复合涂料微结构、机械和耐腐蚀的WO_3纳米粒子负载效应（英文）

In this study, for marine application purposes, we evaluated the effect of process parameter and particle loading on the microstructure, mechanical reinforcement and corrosion resistance properties of a Zn-TiO_2-WO_3 nanocomposite produced via electrodeposition. We characterized the morphological properties of the composite coatings with a Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) equipped with an Energy Dispersive Spectrometer(EDS). We carried out mechanical examination using a Dura Scan hardness tester and a CERT UMT-2 multi-functional tribological tester. We evaluated the corrosion properties by linear polarization in 3.5% Na Cl. The results show that the coatings exhibited good stability and the quantitative particle loading greatly enhanced the structural and morphological properties, hardness behavior and corrosion resistance of the coatings. We observed the precipitation of this alloy on steel is greatly influenced by the composite characteristics.     

Accurate evaluation of fracture parameters for a surface-cracked tubular T-joint taking welding residual stress into account

An efficient numerical analysis procedure based on FEM was implemented for evaluating the effect of welding residual stress (WRS) on mixed-mode stress intensity factors (MM-SIFs) for a non-planar surface-cracked tubular T-joint with a rounded weld toe. A multi-pass welding simulation was carried out using real welding conditions by means of an effective in-house welding simulation code. A fully compatible 3D finite element mesh generation system was implemented to model non-planar perpendicular surface-cracked tubular T-joints with rounded weld toes. The adequacy of the mesh generation system was verified with the reference solutions. A fully automated mapping code was developed to assign the six components of the simulated WRS to each element face over the crack surface. A developed fracture approach was employed to accurately compute MM-SIFs resulting from WRS in which normal and shear components of WRS were considered. MM-SIFs were calculated carefully for several surface cracks with different shapes under different loading conditions. The behavior of MM-SIF solutions resulting from the combination of external load and WRS was influenced significantly by the behavior of those produced due to WRS only. In addition, the value of the computed SIFs resulting from the combination of external load and WRS was almost doubled for mode-I SIF compared to those obtained by external load only and WRS only especially near the crack end locations. The behavior of the calculated fracture parameters was also discussed.     

深水大直径嵌岩钢管桩施工期风险分析

对施工期深水桩基作了基于位移的可靠度分析,采用蒙特卡洛有限元方法,计算得到桩基随地基基床系数、嵌岩深度、桩长、桩径、桩身弹性模量、桩身重度及桩顶水平荷载等参数变化的失效概率;结合可靠度计算的结果,采用模糊数学理论对桩基直接经济损失进行分析,计算得到桩基发生不同程度损失的概率,较全面系统地对施工期的深水桩基工程进行了风险分析。     

Effect of WO<Subscript>3</Subscript> nanoparticle loading on the microstructural,mechanical and corrosion resistance of Zn matrix/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-WO<Subscript>3</Subscript> nanocomposite coatings for marine application

In this study, for marine application purposes, we evaluated the effect of process parameter and particle loading on the microstructure, mechanical reinforcement and corrosion resistance properties of a Zn-TiO₂-WO₃ nanocomposite produced via electrodeposition. We characterized the morphological properties of the composite coatings with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with an Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). We carried out mechanical examination using a Dura Scan hardness tester and a CERT UMT-2 multi-functional tribological tester. We evaluated the corrosion properties by linear polarization in 3.5% NaCl. The results show that the coatings exhibited good stability and the quantitative particle loading greatly enhanced the structural and morphological properties, hardness behavior and corrosion resistance of the coatings. We observed the precipitation of this alloy on steel is greatly influenced by the composite characteristics.     

复杂应力状态下船用低碳钢断裂应变的“断崖现象”

文章进行了应力状态的坐标转换,开展了68个低碳钢圆棒拉伸、缺口拉伸、圆柱墩粗、压剪和简单剪切等试样在复杂应力状态下的断裂特性实验,再现了低应力三轴度时断裂应变“断崖现象”,基于Lode角与应力三轴度的联合作用对该现象进行了解释。通过遗传算法,给出了优化后的低碳钢Bai断裂准则参数,并通过比较不同断裂准则预测值与实验值,验证了Bai准则的有效性。     

集装箱船等效设计波法中疲劳载荷概率系数的确定

为了在应用等效设计波方法时将船体梁载荷规范包络值、运动包络值、加速度包络值转换为疲劳评估载荷,需得到疲劳载荷概率系数这一重要参数。采用基于三维势流理论的水动力计算软件,分析多型集装箱船不同航速及超越概率的载荷长期预报值,得到用于疲劳评估的疲劳载荷概率系数的直接计算值。对直接计算值进行回归分析,拟合出各载荷的概率系数简化公式。结果表明,简化公式比较理想。     

不同开孔率混凝土护面板上波浪打击力试验研究

波浪荷载是斜坡堤上混凝土护面板防浪特性的主要研究内容之一。通过物理模型试验,采用不规则波浪作用,对透水斜坡上不同开孔率混凝土面板受到的波浪打击力进行研究,分析了打击力1%值和1/3值随各影响因素的变化特性,提出了包含开孔率影响的单坡上波浪最大打击力计算方法,给出了波浪打击力的统计分布规律。     

船舶电网频率实时检测仿真研究

针对电力推进船舶电网频率的实时精确检测,阐述了基于二阶直接型IIR数字陷波器的基本原理,基于LMP(p=3)自适应算法建立了在跟踪陷波器参数基础上的船舶电网频率实时检测模型,并分别在电网频率不变、频率发生阶跃变化以及频率线性变化的不同情况下进行了基于Simulink的仿真研究。仿真结果验证了提出的频率检测方法的实时性和精确性。