单向航道约束下的港口自动指泊系统

针对连续型泊位分配的多港池港口船舶调度问题,重点考虑单向航道下船舶进出港的影响,同时兼顾潮汐因素对大型船舶进出港的影响、船舶靠离泊条件、港内装卸成本等因素,以港口有效泊位利用率最大化和成本最小化为综合目标,构建二维装箱模型。根据船舶进出港的约束条件,利用启发式规则产生初始解,通过单独或整体移动策略以及同步移动策略实现种群更新,并设计混合算法求解出规定时间内船舶进出港计划。经过唐山港的实际测试和使用,自动指泊系统有效地提升了港口的运行效率并节约了港口运营成本。     

基于蚁群算法的港内集装箱运输调度模式研究

以集装箱码头船舶装卸作业调度问题为研究对象,综合考虑港口多种装卸资源和流程,在船舶泊位占有时间确定的条件下,以装卸运输作业总成本最低为目标,提出单船装卸作业调度模型;用蚁群算法对所建立的模型进行求解和仿真,并结合实际问题给出具体调度结果。此模型和方法考虑了生产效率和作业成本之间的平衡,保证以较低的成本完成规定作业。     

基于多目标混沌云粒子群算法的泊位-岸桥分配研究

为了提高集装箱港口泊位-岸桥分配效果和优化效率,以集卡运距和船舶在港时间最小为优化目标,建立了多目标离散泊位-岸桥分配模型,利用混沌云粒子群算法对泊位-岸桥分配模型进行求解,开发了粒子可行-整数化处理模块,内嵌于混沌云粒子群算法进化中,制定了粒子编码规则,设计了多目标函数的粒子历史极值和全局极值的计算方法,提出了基于混沌云粒子群优化算法求解多目标离散泊位-岸桥分配模型的新方法,数值算例结果证明了该模型和算法的可行性和实用性。     

排队论在港口规划中的应用

把港口生产视随机服务系统，应用排队理论计算港口的最优泊位数，在港口怀定吞吐量的前提下，考虑不同的泊位数对港口建设和营运生产中发生的各种费用的影响，以港口泊位建设和营运费，船舶待泊费货物滞港积压费的总费用最低为目标，建立数学模型确定港口的泊位数。     

集装箱码头泊位智能调度系统设计

为了促进智慧港口建设,针对集装箱码头泊位和岸桥的资源分配问题,引入人工智能算法设计一套泊位智能调度系统。系统主要包括码头模块、潮汐模块、报表模块等3个模块。在码头模块中,系统采用智能算法对泊位和岸桥调度问题进行2次计算,分别以船舶在港时间最短和岸桥移动次数最少为求解目标。结合实际业务情况,对各模块功能、基础数据、界面显示、关键算法进行详细设计。系统将船舶信息、码头作业信息等集中显示在界面上,便于工作人员直观地掌握码头作业情况,有利于提高集装箱码头作业效率。     

基于AIS大数据耦合分析的沿海港口泊位利用率研究*

针对我国沿海港口能力供给水平数据跟踪方面长期存在的时效性差、人为统计过程中易出现错漏等诸多问题,分析传统泊位通过能力统计失真的具体原因,提出将泊位利用率作为评价港口服务水平的表征指标,依托地理信息系统(GIS)平台和基于船舶自动识别系统(AIS)等数据耦合的空间拓扑分析,综合考虑空间关系、航速特征、经留时间等影响因素,研发基于AIS大数据的泊位利用率算法模型,并以上海港2019年集装箱泊位利用率为例进行算法验证。结果表明,所提出的泊位利用率算法模型是可信的;提供了一种能够反映客观实际、定量分析判断港口服务水平的技术手段,可为政府部门长期动态监测港口能力与运输需求互动平衡关系,支撑政府部门决策港口发展重点和建设时序,避免空间资源浪费、重复建设、能力过剩等问题提供技术支撑。     

基于人工智能技术的船舶最优停靠点推荐研究

大型运输船的航线规划中,选择恰当的港口停靠是一项重要内容。一方面,为了满足船载商品的物流运输需求,船舶需要在港口的泊位停泊;另一方面,受限于港口船舶的交通流量情况、泊位是否空闲、停靠时间等多种因素,船舶停靠点的需求直接决定了船舶航行的距离,也决定了船舶的运营成本。因此,进行船舶停靠港口的寻优成为一项热点研究。本文首先介绍了港口内泊位调度的理论基础,然后结合改进粒子群算法,建立一种船舶停靠点的寻优模型,并基于该模型实现了船舶的停靠点寻优,有重要的实际应用价值。     

基于DBSCAN的港口泊位自动识别算法设计

为更好地监测船舶动态和船舶在港口的作业情况,通过对K-Means算法和DBSCAN(Density-Based Spa-tial Clustering of Applications with Noise)密度聚类算法进行对比,选择DBSCAN密度聚类算法对港口泊位进行聚类,对港口泊位的位置和大小进行识别.基于船舶自动...     

基于ARENA的沿海港口航道通过能力仿真研究

港口航道通过能力能够表征航道疏导水路交通的能力,对港口航道通过能力进行系统研究,有助于解决航道中船舶因素和设施条件的不足,提高船舶进出港效率。本文构建船舶航行作业系统,将船舶、锚地、航道、泊位组建系统,研究船舶到达率、船舶占用泊位时间、船舶平均等待时间等度量航道服务水平指标的变化趋势。基于ROCKWELL ARENA物流仿真平台,对日照石臼港航道服务过程仿真建模,船舶到达泊位时间间隔越小时,泊位利用率越高,AWT/AST保持在0.3左右,为港口潜力发掘与优化调度提供一定的理论支持。     

基于航道与泊位资源协调调度的船舶交通优化

将港口航道与泊位资源协调利用,可最大限度地提高港口运营效率。对此,以所有船舶总在港时间和等待时间最少为目标,建立基于单向航道的多目标船舶调度优化模型。根据港口不同区域的交通流特征,建立初始化约束、流量转换约束、时隙分配约束和泊位冲突消解约束等多个约束模型。设计多目标遗传算法进行求解,并设计有针对性的模拟场景进行验证;以港口某一繁忙时段的20艘船舶为例,进行调度试验。最终得到8个Pareto最优解和2个目标的最优解:总调度时间为2.618 6 h,添加惩罚后总等待时间为23.012 4 h。结果表明:该模型及算法给出的调度方案能有效提高船舶的调度效率。     

Analysis of the continuous berth allocation problem in container ports using a genetic algorithm

The optimal usage of berths plays a key role in raising the efficiency of container terminals. The berth allocation problem in a container terminal is defined as the feasible allocation of berths to incoming ships such that the total time that elapses between the arrival of the ships to their exit from their berths is minimized. In the transportation literature, the latter problem is usually formulated as a mixed integer programming model. Optimization methods, like the branch and bound algorithm, are efficient ways to solve this model but become absolutely unusable when the size of the problem increases. An advanced search method such as GA may be suited to such a situation. In this paper, a genetic-based algorithm is proposed for the problem. Computational results for two test problems (a small and a large-sized problem) are also presented. The results from the small test are also compared with the results obtained from the branch and bound algorithm.     

集装箱码头泊位资源动态配置优化

集装箱码头泊位系统是一个典型的排队系统,船舶可视为系统的服务对象即顾客.将泊位及与之对应的岸桥作为一个整体可视为船舶排队系统的服务台,优化配置泊位资源就是基于这一特殊的排队系统进行最优的泊位数量决策.在对集装箱码头服务系统特性分析的基础上,基于排队论对集装箱码头泊位规模的确定进了数学建模,并开发了模拟迭代算法,结合实例分析显示了模型及算法的有效性.     

A break-even model for evaluating the cost of container ships waiting times and berth unproductive times in automated quayside operations

The planning, design and development of a container terminal with optimum size and capacity and with a minimum capital cost is fundamentally dependent upon the loading and discharging operations at the quayside. The quayside function of container terminals is dependent basically on the number of berths available to service the incoming container ships. The objective of the container terminals dealing and admitting the ongoing ship calls is to provide immediate berth and loading and discharging services to the container ships with a minimum costly waiting time and a maximum efficiency. Previously terminal planners used to build extra berths to provide service. During the last two decades the terminal operators have adopted automation technologies in loading and discharging operation of the container ships as an alternative to designing extra berths. Ship owners naturally expect least waiting times for their container ships. On the other hand, it is also natural for port operators in a container terminal with costly facilities to see a high berth occupancy and productivity at the quayside. This study uses queuing theory to find a break-even point as a way of evaluating the cost of container ship waiting times and the cost of berth unproductive service times for container terminals aiming to automate their quayside operation. The analysis illustrates that automation devices installed on conventional Quayside Cranes (QSCs) significantly reduce the turnaround time of the container ships calling at the ports. It argues, however, that there should be a balance between the cost of berth unproductive service times and the cost of vessel waiting times. The study introduces a break-even point to be considered as a benchmark for calculating such a balance. The analysis in this study can be used as a decision tool for the operators of container terminals in the medium to small ports to appraise the feasibility of an investment in automation or expansion of the quayside facilities.     

基于模拟减少集装箱船待港时间的实用方法(英文)

The main challenge for container ports is the planning required for berthing container ships while docked in port.Growth of containerization is creating problems for ports and container terminals as they reach their capacity limits of various resources which increasingly leads to traffic and port congestion.Good planning and management of container terminal operations reduces waiting time for liner ships.Reducing the waiting time improves the terminal’s productivity and decreases the port difficulties.Two important keys to reducing waiting time with berth allocation are determining suitable access channel depths and increasing the number of berths which in this paper are studied and analyzed as practical solutions.Simulation based analysis is the only way to understand how various resources interact with each other and how they are affected in the berthing time of ships.We used the Enterprise Dynamics software to produce simulation models due to the complexity and nature of the problems.We further present case study for berth allocation simulation of the biggest container terminal in Iran and the optimum access channel depth and the number of berths are obtained from simulation results.The results show a significant reduction in the waiting time for container ships and can be useful for major functions in operations and development of container ship terminals.     

大潮差海域环境系泊船舶漂移分析及对策

针对某集装箱泊位多次出现系泊船舶漂移情况,在现场调研和分析的基础上利用排除法初步确定了主要影响因素。根据现场实测水文、地形等资料,采用船舶系泊水流数学模型和物理模型对该集装箱泊位的水流分布及船舶漂移过程进行了模拟试验。根据试验结果研究了大潮差海域环境下系泊船舶漂移的主要影响因素和机理,并据此提出了有关工程措施和建议。     

连续泊位调度与岸桥配置协同优化

连续泊位调度与岸桥配置协同优化是集装箱码头提升竞争力的关键因素.针对该问题构建一个混合整数规划模型,以构造算法为核心,通过调整船舶的分配次序,设计了一个新的启发式算法.通过VB6.0软件编程,进行了四组大规模仿真算例实验,结果显示60%的算例在新算法下可获得更优的解,平均改进7.37%,证明了模型和算法的有效性.     

船首靠离式滚装船泊位长度论证探讨

船舶所需泊位长度的大小不仅与船型有关,还与船帕的的驶靠方式密切关。本文在分析船首靠离式滚装船靠泊特性的基础上,结合《河港工程设计规范》对—般船舶所需泊位长度的规定,提出了论证船首靠离式滚装船所需泊位长度的新方法。     

秦皇岛港航道通过能力仿真研究

采用工程仿真软件SIMIO分别对秦皇岛港10万吨级航道及规划的20万吨级航道的通过能力进行模拟。首先用2014年秦皇岛港泊位和航道设施及到港船舶数据对模型进行验证,得到的年到港船舶数及航道货运量与实际统计结果基本相符;结合仿真结果,对两航道的货运量、船舶平均待泊时间AWT以及港口服务水平随船舶平均到港时间间隔的变化趋势进行分析;讨论了航道及泊位利用率随港口服务水平的变化;针对10万吨级航道,对比了仿真与航道利用率法的年通过能力结果,并指出确定航道通过能力时考虑港口服务水平及港内作业各环节相互关联性的必要性。