含碳量对TiCp/Ti合金摩擦磨损行为的影响

用熔铸法制备了不同含碳量的原位自生钛合金基复合材料(TiC/Ti6Al4V),采用ML-100磨粒磨损试验机研究了其耐磨性,具体分析C含量对复合材料耐磨性的影响规律。结果表明:TiC增强相颗粒的加入可以明显提高复合材料的耐磨性;复合材料耐磨性提高的原因是基体中均匀弥散分布的TiC粒子不仅提高基体的硬度,而且本身具有优良的抗磨作用。复合材料的磨损机制为:在含碳量小于2.4%时以犁削为主,形成大量一次磨屑;含碳量大于2.4%时,以剥层磨损和犁削并存。     

金属热加工保护涂料的制备与性能

以室温硫化硅橡胶和甲基硅油为基料,辅以膨胀型阻燃剂、硅烷偶联剂、CaCO_3、纳米Al(OH)_3和玻璃纤维等制备金属热加工保护涂料.利用扫描电镜表征了氧化层断面形貌,配合能谱仪对氧化层进行元素线扫描,并对涂料进行拉伸剪切测试.结果表明,膨胀型阻燃剂搭配纳米Al(OH)_3和玻璃纤维使用,能在1 000℃高温下将氧化层厚度降至9μm;纳米Al(OH)_3和玻璃纤维的协同增强作用将涂料的拉伸剪切模量从747 MPa增至1 564 MPa,拉伸剪切强度从12 MPa增至47 MPa,分别提高109.4%和291.7%.涂料的热失重分析表明,在220℃～620℃范围内主要发生膨胀型阻燃剂的受热膨胀和Al(OH)_3的热分解,玻璃纤维在热失重全程中不熔融,能起到抑制涂层开裂的作用.     

船舶材料抗高温性能的测试与分析

常规方法测试材料抗高温性能时,直接对材料进行高温锻造,导致高温下材料拉伸性能、弯曲性能量化值普遍偏小。提出船舶材料抗高温性能测试方法。高温锻造前对船舶材料进行热处理,制作材料单向板,利用空气炉和烘箱,对单向板进行热暴露、淬火,通过煅烧炉,高温煅烧单向板,在不同煅烧温度下,使用拉伸机拉伸单向板,直至材料纤维断裂,得到高温下的材料极限拉伸强度、弯曲变异系数,表现材料抗高温性能。选取船舶材料中常见的Al合金复合材料,作为高温性能测试材料,实验结果表明,不同测试温度下,设计方法提高了极限拉伸强度、弹性模量测试值,反应的拉伸性能、弯曲性能更符合实际情况。     

Ni3Al(Cr)合金室温干滑动摩擦磨损性能研究

采用真空电弧熔炼法制备添加不同Cr含量的Ni_3Al (Cr)合金,观察其组织和力学性能变化,以Si_3N_4为对磨副,探究不同载荷下Ni_3Al (Cr)合金的摩擦磨损机制.利用扫描电子显微镜拍摄材料的组织以及磨痕、磨痕截面形貌,测量磨痕截面显微硬度的变化.研究结果表明:随着Cr含量的增加,Ni_3Al (Cr)材料的硬度,摩擦系数和磨损率不断增加,Ni_3Al-12Cr合金的摩擦磨损性能较好.随着载荷的增加,Ni_3Al (Cr)合金的摩擦系数略有减小,磨损率不断升高;Ni_3Al合金随载荷的增加磨损机制由磨粒磨损和氧化磨损转变为疲劳磨损,剧烈的剥层磨损为主,并伴有氧化磨损,而Ni_3Al-12Cr合金在不同载荷下磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和氧化磨损.     

颗粒增强铝基复合材料SiCP/6066Al搅拌摩擦焊

针对熔化焊、钎焊在铝基复合材料连接中存在的问题,提出了一种新型连接方法搅拌摩擦焊.研究了颗粒增强SiCP/6066Al铝基复合材料的搅拌摩擦焊连接工艺,对焊缝成形特点、接头组织特征进行了分析探讨.研究结果表明,经过搅拌摩擦焊之后,焊缝成形良好,焊缝区晶粒细小均匀,呈弥散分布,因而,搅拌摩擦焊的接头综合性能良好.     

PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料基本性能及其工程应用

PVA(聚乙烯醇)纤维增强水泥基复合材料(PVA-ECC)是一种采用水泥、矿物掺合料、水、粒径小于5mm的细骨料与PVA纤维拌和而成的水泥基复合材料。文中阐述了PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料的基本性能,与普通混凝土相比,其抗压试验中达到峰值荷载后承载力下降缓慢,抗拉和弯曲试验中均显示出应变硬化特性,且具有更好的抗剪承载力和抗剪切变形的能力。纤维增强水泥基复合材料具有优异的延性和耐久性,已成功应用于实际工程。     

燃气轮机热障涂层高温腐蚀研究综述

[目的]为了梳理燃气轮机热障涂层服役过程中的高温腐蚀问题,[方法]对燃气轮机热障涂层腐蚀类型和提高抗腐蚀性能的方法分别进行了归纳分析,并展望了提高热障涂层抗腐蚀性能的发展方向。[结果]经归纳分析,燃气轮机热障涂层腐蚀类型主要包括:陶瓷层高温相变、粘结层氧化、盐雾腐蚀、CMAS腐蚀以及燃料杂质腐蚀。提高热障涂层抗腐蚀性能的方法主要有:发展新的抗高温腐蚀涂层材料、进行涂层表面防腐处理、改变涂层系统结构以及提高燃气轮机辅助清洁功能。[结论]未来开发性能优异的新材料仍是提高热障涂层抗腐蚀性能的主要方向,而改进涂层结构设计、材料纳米化对提升热障涂层抗腐蚀性能有很大潜力。随着陶瓷基复合材料的发展,对涂层的高温腐蚀研究将逐步从热障涂层转向环境障涂层(EBC)。     

氧化石墨烯水泥基复合材料的流动性、力学性能及其作用机理探究

氧化石墨烯(graphene oxide,GO)对水泥基复合材料的调控与增强效应成为了研究的热点问题.文中系统研究了GO对水泥胶砂的流动性和物理力学性能的影响,并借助X-射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)等手段进行微观表证.结果表明,水泥胶砂的流动性随GO掺量的增加而降低,GO对水泥水化行为具有显著的促进作用,对水泥水化产物有调控作用,能够使水泥水化产物有序规整发展,减少微观缺陷,实验证明GO掺量为0.1%时可大幅提高水泥基复合材料的抗折强度与抗压强度.     

Ti3Al2.5V/6063异种合金激光焊接头组织与性能

采用激光焊,通过改变激光在钛合金上聚焦时的光束偏移量,焊接了5mm的Ti3Al2.5V/6063异种合金.焊后测试接头抗拉性能,观察并分析了Ti/Al界面的微观组织形貌.试验结果表明:光束偏移量(D)在0.8mm≤D≤1.0mm范围时,Ti/Al界面处形成了固体钛层;当光束偏移量D=1.0mm时,接头的抗拉强度达到最大值132MPa,为铝合金母材强度的53%;通过对接头的微观组织分析,焊缝界面处的相主要是AlTi、AlTi_3、Al_2Ti、Al_3Ti,固体钛层的存在一定程度上降低了界面反应程度.     

(FeCoNiMo)90Al10高熵合金的高温抗氧化性

采用扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪等研究了(FeCoNiMo)_(90)Al_(10)高熵合金的凝固组织、相组成、力学性能以及高温抗氧化性能.结果表明:(FeCoNiMo)_(90)Al_(10)高熵合金在1 173 K分别保温25,50,75和100 h后,依然具有较高的硬度,同时表现出较优的抗氧化性能;随着保温时间增加,氧化增重曲线呈抛物线上升趋势;保温75 h后,形成了致密的Al_2O_3氧化层,合金氧化速度趋于缓慢.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

桥梁防撞设施物理模型试验

物理模型试验是预报防撞设施所受撞击力及优化设计方案的主要方法之一。结合杭州湾大桥柔性防撞设施及东海大桥独立式防撞体设计方案,阐述了船—防撞体撞击试验的基本原理、方法、试验方案及相关试验结果。提出了柔性防撞系统的优化方案。试验结果表明,该方案经济有效,可供预报类似桥梁防撞设施撞击力时参考。     

印尼某电厂码头水工建筑物设计

印尼某电厂项目码头水工建筑物包括码头、防波堤和护岸等主要组成部分。在该项目水工建筑物的设计过程中,综合考虑当地的自然条件、施工能力和材料来源等因素,不断优化结构选型和结构断面。根据不同使用要求,护岸分别采用直立式和斜坡式2种结构型式,推荐的设计方案节省投资、施工方便,可供同类工程设计参考。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

开放式数据挖掘系统模型

目前国内已经出现了少量的数据挖掘相关产品。国内数据挖掘软件无论从数量还是质量上比较，都与国外软件存在着较大的差距。随着数据仓库技术的普及，数据挖掘应用的需求越来越强烈，如何缩短这种差距，研发数据挖掘软件产品成为国内业界的一个重要问题。通过引用目前国际通用数据挖掘标准技术来构建开放式的数据挖掘系统模型，该系统模型从可扩展性、可重用性、易用性等方面得到了加强。