内河集装箱船弯扭强度分析

以内河集装箱船为研究对象,运用Patran/Nastran对整船建模、施加边界约束载荷及求解。对全船结构有限元模型在设计波载荷作用下分析计算得到各种工况下船体结构的应力、变形响应,获得船体结构强度特点,对该类船舶的结构进行优选设计。     

大型滚装船弯扭强度整船有限元分析

以大型滚装船为研究对象,采用现代的三维全船有限元分析技术及DNV船级社的SESAM软件系统,为全面研究整船弯扭强度,建立了全船有限元结构模型、质量模型、水动力计算模型;应用三维辐射—绕射理论和有限元程序进行波浪载荷的长期预报,在此基础上确定设计波参数;对全船结构有限元模型在设计波载荷作用下分析计算得到各种工况下船体结构的应力、变形响应,获得船体结构强度特点,对该类船舶的结构设计优化和强度分析有一定的参考价值,同时对其他类型船舶弯扭强度全船有限元分析有借鉴意义。     

滚装船的弯扭强度全船有限元分析

由于滚装船有着不同于常规船舶的结构特点,有必要对其进行全船弯扭强度精确计算.本文以一艘1万吨级的滚装船为研究对象,应用DNV的SESAM软件建立全船有限元模型,并进行波浪随机载荷的长期预报,然后在此基础上导出设计波参数组,最后在全船有限元模型上计算了船体结构在各设计波上的应力分布和变形结果.通过全船模型的有限元计算,获得了该船结构强度的详细信息.对滚装船的设计和强度分析有一定的参考价值.     

单舱大开口重吊船弯扭强度有限元分析

针对10000t级单舱大开口重吊船的弯扭强度问题,运用水动力分析和全船有限元分析方法,通过挪威船级社的SESAM软件系统对波浪诱导载荷进行长期预报,推导出设计波参数组,在全船结构有限元模型上计算船体结构在各等效波上的变形和应力分布,从而获得全船结构强度的详细信息。对重吊船类大开口型船舶的结构设计和强度分析有一定的参考价值。     

滚装船的弯扭强度全船有限元分析

由于滚装船有着不同于常规船舶的结构特点，有必要对其进行全船弯扭强度精确计算。本文以一艘1万吨级的滚装船为研究对象，应用DNV的SESAM软件建立全船有限元模型，并进行波浪随机载荷的长期预报，然后在此基础上导出设计波参数组，最后在全船有限元模型上计算了船体结构在各设计波上的应力分布和变形结果。通过全船模型的有限元计算，获得了该船结构强度的详细信息。对滚装船的设计和强度分析有一定的参考价值。     

基于设计波法的全回转风电起重船总纵强度分析

本文以某全回转风电起重船为研究对象,根据典型工况建立全船有限元模型。采用设计波法计算船体波浪载荷并施加在模型上,然后对全船总纵强度进行计算分析,得到典型工况下全船的应力评估结果。本文的研究结论对于同类型船舶的优化设计具有一定参考价值。     

大型船舶推进轴系与船体变形耦合响应分析

船舶大型化使得船体变形对推进轴系的影响越来越突出。在研究大型集装箱船的基础上,采用有限元法探讨了大型集装箱船全船结构有限元模型和推进轴系的建模方法,波浪载荷计算方法以及轴系振动响应分析技术。以一艘8530TEU集装箱船为研究对象,实现了全船有限元分析全过程,对不同工况下推进轴系轴承支撑点处的船体变形进行了计算分析与讨论。采用ANSYS软件建立轴系有限元模型,施加不同的船体变形激励对轴系振动响应进行了分析。研究结果对轴系减振及避振措施具有一定的参考意义。     

超规范散货船船体结构总纵强度有限元分析

对"超规范船舶"总纵强度的校核,规范上的经验公式及常规计算方法已不再适用。以某超规范散货船为例,采用全船有限元分析方法,利用SESAM软件建立水动力模型进行波浪预报并导出设计波,利用MSC.PATRAN建立全船结构有限元模型并施加设计波载荷、货物载荷等对船体结构总纵弯曲强度进行了计算评估。计算结果表明结构应力在许用范围内,且该方法能够准确地反映船体结构的变形和应力分布情况。设计者可以针对高应力区域进行局部加强,这对"超规范船舶"船体结构设计及优化具有重要指导意义。     

大开口船波浪载荷长期预报和弯扭强度整船有限元分析

大开口船全船弯扭联合变形与应力的精确计算，必须在整船结构模型上完成。本文以一艘5万吨级大开口船为例，用三维流体动力计算程序进行了波浪随机载荷的长期预报，并在此基础上导出设计波参数组，进而在全船整体结构有限元模型上计算了船体结构在各设计波上的应力分布，并采用嵌入精细舱口角区有限元网络的方法，在整船分析的同时计算出舱口角的应力集中值，获得了船体结构强度的详尽信息。文中阐述了波浪载荷的特点，设计波的确定，浮体完整结构计算的惯性平衡及大开口船的全船计算方法。     

16000t举力下水工作船结构设计与分析

下水工作船是专用于船舶和海上设施下水的特殊船舶。本文针对16 000吨举力下水工作船,从船体结构设计和结构强度两方面进行分析和研究。船体结构设计的研究对比了驳型和坞型2种不同结构形式对船体结构设计和强度的影响。结构强度的分析运用全船有限元计算方法,计算了装船工况和沉浮工况下的全船结构强度。相关研究结果对今后下水工作船的设计有一定的参考价值。     

集装箱船整船结构三维有限元强度分析方法研究

以3800TEU集装箱为例,用二维切片理论进行了波浪长期预报,并在此基础上导出等效波组,在整船结构有限元模型上计算船体结构在各等效波上的变形和应力分布。文中叙述的整船结构有限元分析方法,也可以用于其他类型船的整船结构分析。     

A practical method for torsional strength assessment of container ship structures

Container ship structures are characterized by large hatch openings. Due to this structural property, they are subject to large diagonal deformations of hatch openings and warping stresses under complex torsional moments in waves. This necessitates torsional strength assessment of hull girder of container ships in their structural design stage. In this paper, a practical method for torsional strength assessment of container ship structures with transparent and consistent background is discussed based on the results from up-to-date analyses. In order to estimate the torsional response characteristics as accurately as possible, three-dimensional Rankine source method, after being validated by tank tests, is employed for estimation of wave loads on a container ship, and FE analyses are conducted on the entire-ship model under the estimated loads. Then, a dominant regular wave condition under which the torsional response of the container ship becomes maximum is specified. Design loads for torsional strength assessment that give torsional response equivalent to the long-term predicted values of torsional response are investigated based on the torsional moments on several container ships under the specified dominant wave condition. An appropriate combination of stress components to estimate the total hull girder stress is also discussed.     

Estimation of directional wave spectra and hull structural responses based on measured hull data on 14,000 TEU large container ships

To ensure hull structural strength of container ships in association with their increase in size, it is very important to grasp the hull stress histories all over the hull structure in actual sea state. However, ordinary hull stress monitoring systems are insufficient for this purpose because of the small number of stress sensors actually practicable. Therefore, in this paper, we discuss an approach to reproduce the hull stress responses which are not measured based on the estimated wave spectrum from the limited measurement data. To achieve this, we introduce a new model to estimate directional wave spectra based on measured ship stress responses and ship response functions, and further we estimate other ship responses using the model. To model an arbitrarily shaped directional wave distribution, the 360° direction is discretized into 36 directions of 10-degree intervals instead of using a directional distribution function, and in each direction, the wave spectrum is represented using the Ochi (3P) spectrum with three parameters (average wave period, significant wave height, and kurtosis). The authors discuss the evaluation results based on two stress response combinations, and a comparison is made between the sea state estimates made by the proposed method and the ocean wave hindcast database (JWA). Furthermore, by comparing the significant values and the spectra of the measured response of the ship with the estimated response based on both the estimated sea state by the proposed method and the hindcast sea state, the accuracies of the proposed method and the hindcast method are discussed in terms of ship stress estimation at non-instrumented locations.     

超大型集装箱船艏艉砰击强度直接计算方法

超大型集装箱船的船艏显著外飘、船艉宽平外悬,使其在恶劣海况下航行时容易发生严重的砰击。为确保船体艏艉部结构在砰击中不发生损坏,需要研究作用到艏艉外板上的砰击压力,并以此为设计载荷来校核外板和相连结构的强度。目前对集装箱船砰击局部强度的校核要求仍以经验公式为主,但是为提高对超大尺度船舶强度校核的可靠性,近年来推出了砰击的直接分析方法。本文初步分析了砰击直接分析方法的基本原理,并运用该方法对20,000 TEU集装箱船的艏、艉部砰击压力以及最小板厚要求进行了研讨,其结果可为超大型集装箱船的结构设计提供重要的参考。     

Use of a 3D compartment model for simplified full ship FE model. Part II: validation of the simplified FE model

This is Part II in a series of papers. Part I (J Mar Sci Technol 13:154–163) deals with an approach employed to construct a simplified FE model using a 3D compartment model available from the beginning of the ship design process. This paper begins by describing the limitations of an analytical approach based on shear warping beam theory for assessing torsional strength. Next, the structural parts of a container ship that have a negligible effect on hull girder bending strength and torsional strength are determined. This is verified by removing these parts from a conventional FE model and comparing the results obtained using this modified model with those yielded by the original model. The fore end part, the aft end part and the deck house are examined. Since these parts have complicated structures and relevant drawings for them are issued later than cargo structure drawings, modeling them exactly can result in a delay in the completion of the full ship FE model. This paper also verifies the validity of the simplified FE model built by applying the method proposed in Part I and comparing the results obtained with it with those given by a conventional full ship FE model. The stresses on hatch coaming top, the maximum diagonal elongations of the hatch coaming, and the maximum hatch corner movements are evaluated to check the validity of the simplified model.     

改进Sobol’方法在船型优化模型中的应用

针对船型优化中采用更多的优化变量有可能带来"维度灾难"的问题,通过灵敏度分析确定不重要的变量并降维来缓解该问题。介绍以往提出的改进Sobol’方法,利用该方法对某集装箱船兴波阻力优化模型进行灵敏度分析并降维。为减少分析的计算量,对该船型优化模型构建Kriging模型。对优化模型降维前后的优化过程、最优解及其波形和型线进行对比。结果表明:降维后优化模型收敛更快,最优解兴波阻力系数仅增大0.15%,采用改进Sobol’方法进行降维,能在保证最优解质量的同时,提高优化效率。     

基于剪流分布规律的节点力加载方式在船体结构有限元分析中的应用

船体结构强度评估是船舶建造与设计过程中的重要环节.本文在总结研究现有的船体结构有限元分析加载方式的基础上,提出基于剪流分布规律的节点力加载方式.对于为模拟船体梁载荷而在各剖面处施加的集中力以及为进行强度计算需在各剖面处施加的调整载荷,使用本文方法将其离散至单元网格节点处并于与加载,得到的结果符合船体梁弯曲时的应力分布规律,这对于正确进行船体结构强度评估具有重要意义.给出适用于计算机实施的规格化加载过程,以实现船体结构有限元分析的自动加载过程.     

基于参数化船型的阻力优化研究

船型几何模型的参数化表达,是船型多学科设计优化的基础。其作用是为各学科分析和优化提供一个统一的几何模型,并根据各学科分析结果自动修改调整船体型线。文中尝试使用Friendship进行船体完全参数化建模,并使用该软件中的feature编程功能编程实现shipflow型值数据的提取;通过改变一系列重要的船型参数实现变换船型几何模型,以获得满足性能需求的船型。最后利用该软件的优化框架,采用切线搜索法 (Tangent Search, TSearch) 完成1300TEU集装箱船的兴波阻力优化,优化球首和前体船体曲面。结果表明,该参数化方法在改进船型水动力性能方面有很好的效果。