我国绿色货运发展战略探讨

道路货运行业节能减排是我国面临的一项重要而又紧迫的任务。本文首先介绍了绿色货运的定义及特征,然后阐述了我国道路货运行业节能减排上存在的问题,并分析了问题产生的原因,最后从节能、减排、运输组织模式优化、市场结构调整以及融资扶持等五个方面构建了我国绿色货运战略体系。     

道路运输安全管理研究

做好道路运输安全管理工作,既是推动道路运输行业科学发展、健康发展的客观要求和必然选择,也是道路运输行业管理的难点和焦点.通过道路行车事故案例统计分析,文中归纳了我国道路运输行车事故规律特征,并梳理了分析当前道路运输安全管理存在的突出问题.在道路运输安全管理工作基础上,提出了未来我国道路运输安全管理思路.     

我国道路运输业发展战略转型研究

本文分析了我国道路运输服务转型的环境,提出了我国道路运输服务转型的思路、路径以及战略选择建议,统筹城乡道路运输协调发展,提升基本公共服务均等化水平。优化道路运输组织方式,提升道路运输服务效能和安全水平。推进创新发展和信息化建设,提升道路运输公共信息服务水平。完善服务监督和质量管理体系,提升道路运输服务及重点产品质量水平。     

佳通宽基轮胎GT978+:安全环保又经济

随着我国公路建设不断完善,运输行业越来越规范,政府及社会对降低污染物排放、减少道路安全事故的要求也在日益提高。于是,符合安全、经济、环保需求的高性能宽基轮胎,受到社会各界越来越大的关注。那么,什么是宽基轮胎呢?宽基轮胎,应用子午化、扁平化和无内胎化的技术,替代普通的并装轮胎,既能减少轮胎装卸的麻烦,又能降低因双胎并装产生的安全隐患,进一步优化轮胎性能。     

道路旅客运输企业安全责任链研究

责任制贯穿于道路运输生产经营的全过程,所有对道路运输生产经营产生作用和影响的行为都应承担其相应的责任。文中在分析责任链内涵、道路运输安全责任链内容及其作用的基础上,借鉴澳大利亚国家道路货物运输安全责任链管理与处罚的思路,结合我国道路旅客运输特点,探索了我国道路旅客运输企业安全“责任链”,并提出了我国道路旅客运输企业安全责任划分的措施与建议。     

中国绿色货运行动国际研讨会(2015)在京召开 国内首套绿色货运标准发布

<正>"道路运输业对我国经济社会发展至关重要,不可或缺。与此同时,我们也要看到我国道路货运业发展还存在不少矛盾和问题。安全发展水平仍需提升,营业环境仍待优化,运输组织效率仍需提高,从业人员生存状况仍待改善。"在7月23日举行的"中国绿色货运行动国际研讨会(2015)"上,交通部运输司司长、中国绿色货运行动指导委员会主任刘小明指出:"货运行业亟需转型升级发展。"     

我国绿色运输系统的发展政策探讨

文章通过分析我国绿色运输存在的问题,从发展绿色运输系统、加强运输需求管理及提升运输系统能源使用效率三大方面提出我国绿色运输发展的政策,为交通运输行业实现"十二五"节能减排目标奠定基础。     

道路货物网络化运输的服务类别和发展模式

基于我国道路货物运输的发展现状,以探索推行道路货物运输网络化的发展模式为主线,以提高道路货物运输组织效率和行业发展水平为最终目标,阐述道路货物网络化运输的概念及内涵,对网络化运输服务进行了划分,构建了我国推行道路货物网络化运输的两类发展模式,并利用图示和文字结合的方式对其进行了分析评价。     

封闭施工技术在公路路基翻浆、唧泥整治中的应用

近年来,随着公路交通运输的快速化、重载化进程的发展,路基季节性的发生翻浆、唧泥病害日益严重,线路出现区段性空板,发生了一系列如车辆颠簸、行驶方向偏离、轮胎沉陷等不良情况,使得车辆轮胎与道路之间的冲击作用加强,对路面结构造成损坏,影响驾车行驶安全。结合基层封闭施工工艺,对道路路基翻浆、唧泥整治进行分析与研究。     

我国道路运输服务业发展评述

道路运输服务是指对在公共道路上使用汽车或其他车辆从事道路旅客或货物运输及其相关业务活动的总称。道路运输业是综合运输体系中服务范围最广、承担运量最大、运输组织最灵活、运输产品最多样、就业人员最多的运输方式,在国民经济和社会发展中发挥着重要的作用。本文对道路运输服务水平作了理论解释,对我国道路运输服务做出了正反两方面的评价,并分析了问题的原因。     

Performance analysis of cargo-handling equipment from a green container terminal perspective

This study employs a green container terminal perspective to compare the performance of four types of cargo handling equipment used in container yards – automatic rail, rail, electric tire, and tire transtainers – based on working efficiency, energy saving performance, and carbon reductions. It is found that automatic rail and electric tire transtainers are the optimal types of green cargo handling equipment.     

轮胎路面接触应力分布仿真研究

根据11.00R20-16PR型全钢子午线轮胎实际结构,考虑轮胎材料、几何及接触非线性,利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立轮胎与刚性路面接触三维模型,并与轮胎径向刚度试验结果对比验证了该模型的有效性;分析了静止竖向荷载作用下胎压一定荷载不同和荷载一定胎压不同的轮胎路面接触应力及印迹分布变化。研究结果表明:轮胎与路面接触应力呈非均匀分布,且接触面积并非路面设计中所采用的圆形而更接近于矩形。     

欧洲汽车轮胎滚动阻力及噪声测量方法

文章综述了欧洲关于汽车轮胎滚动阻力及噪声的测量方法,剖析了轮胎滚动阻力及噪声的测试设备、测试条件、测试过程以及测试计算方法和评价,为优化和改进我国的汽车轮胎滚动阻力和噪声测试提供参考。     

全钢子午线轮胎加强层帘线角对胎圈部位性能的影响

子午线轮胎有着节能、耐用的优点。使用Abaqus有限元软件建立三维有限元轮胎模型并通过将有限元模拟计算结果和实际实验数据对比,验证了模型的正确性。在此基础上,探究了加强层帘线角对胎圈部位应力影响,结果表明:在充气和垂直载荷下,随着帘线角的增加,胎体与加强层端点最大应力、应变能均出现先增后减的趋势。垂直载荷下胎圈部位的刚度随着帘线角增加而一直减小。拟合出了出垂直载荷最大应力、应变能和加强层端点下沉量随帘线角变化的函数。计算得到40.7°的帘线角能够大幅降低加强层端点处的应力、应变能,同时对该处的刚度影响较小。研究结果可为选用适合的加强层帘线角以保证节能和负载的同时减少早期破坏提供理论依据。     

Geometric design safety estimation based on tire–road side friction

A closed-loop drive–vehicle–road–environment system (DVRES) model was established using Adams/Car and Matlab/Simulink. Dynamic responses of lateral tire forces based on tire–road side friction and road geometric characteristics are used to investigate vehicle side slip for geometric design safety estimation. The root mean square, the maximum values of lateral tire forces, comfort limit on curves and vehicle trajectories are used to quantify the safety margin of side friction. The simulation results show that the safety margins of lateral tire forces for radius, operating speed and superelevation rate were 18.2%, 19.3% and 17.6%, respectively, to guarantee good vehicle lateral reliability and ride comfort, while lower speeds are optimal in wet and slippery roads. Finally, a case study was conducted to illustrate the analysis of road design safety, and on-site experiment testing further validated the accuracy and reliability of the closed-loop DVRES model.     

使役条件下二轮电动车电池单次耐用性研究

本文通过理论和实验相结合的方法对使役条件下,在不同坡度、路面道路条件,不同充放电时间、制动次数、轮胎胎压、载重量等使用情况对二轮电动车电池的单次耐用性进行试验研究。结果发现,造成电机输出功率增加,放电电流增大的外部条件均会造成蓄电池容量减少,研究结果可指导二轮电动车车主合理科学使用二轮电动车。     

Modeling free-flow speed according to different water depths—From the viewpoint of dynamic hydraulic pressure

In this paper, we propose a method of modeling free flow speed from the viewpoint of hydroplaning. First, the lift forces for different water depths were estimated using Bernoulli’s equation. Compared with the result of the experimental test performed by the Japan Automobile Research Institute, the hydrodynamic pressure coefficient was determined to be 0.03 (tf s²/m⁴). The validation of the predicted lift force is found in another published paper. A very good match is found between the computed values by the proposed numerical model and the data in other published papers. Then, the loss of contact force is considered to evaluate the hydroplaning performance of a tire. To simulate the hydroplaning speed, a tire-sliding model was utilized to obtain the traction and friction forces between the road surface and the tire. The observation data obtained in Japan in 2009 is compared with the physically computed hydroplaning speed, yielding the conclusion that the traction force at the measured desired speed is, on average, 23.4% of the traction force at hydroplaning speed. The analytical model offers a useful tool to quantitatively show that the free flow speed changes as the water depth increase.     

移动荷载作用下水稳基层的疲劳分析

文章利用有限元软件Ansys对不同车速、轮胎接地应力、结构层厚度及模量情况下的水泥稳定基层进行了疲劳寿命影响分析。结果表明：（1）随着车速的增大,基层疲劳寿命不断增大;（2）随着轮胎接地应力的增大,基层疲劳寿命逐渐减小;（3）基层疲劳寿命随基层和面层厚度的增大均呈增大趋势;（4）基层疲劳寿命随基层模量的增大而不断增大,随面层模量的增大而逐渐减小。     

Aligning the purchase of green logistics practices between shippers and logistics service providers

This paper explores shippers’ (i.e. logistics buyers) and logistics service providers’ (LSPs) perceptions of green concerns under diverse contractual settings during the key phases of the logistics purchasing process: request for proposal, negotiations, contracting and execution. Accordingly, it derives recommendations that could increase the actors’ inter- and- intra-organisational alignment on green targets throughout these phases. Empirical data are obtained from eight individual cases of three shippers and five LSPs, representing the buyer/seller roles within logistics arrangements. Contrary to previous literature holding the view that setting more green demands by shippers would guarantee green outcomes, the findings show that shippers’ green demands may hinder green logistics applications due to impediments to LSPs’ asset-sharing strategies. Also, a deadlock situation is revealed in the negotiations phase, where both actors await each other to introduce additional demands/offers—calling for further regulatory intervention to release this deadlock. Moreover, this paper shows how a mismatch of interests in contractual periods between shippers and LSPs can obstruct green investments—signalling that the green criterion is not the decisive factor in shaping shippers’ outsourcing strategies. The findings also stress a lack of follow-up efforts by shippers on green measures that were specified pre-contract, attributing this to contrasting intra-organisational objectives within shippers’ firms. This paper contributes to the green logistics purchasing literature by revealing how different contractual settings play an important role in shaping shippers’/LSPs’ perceptions of green concerns during the logistics purchasing process. Further, it is one of the first studies to provide phase-specific recommendations to increase the actors’ alignment on green targets.     

Assessing the impact of cornering losses on the energy consumption of electric city buses

In view of the increasing electrification of public city transport, an accurate energy consumption prediction for Battery Electric Buses (BEBs) is essential. Conventional prediction algorithms do not consider energy losses that occur during turning of the vehicle. This is especially relevant for electric city buses, which have a limited battery capacity and often drive curvy routes.In this paper, the additional energy consumption during steering of a BEB is modeled, measured, and assessed. A nonlinear steady-state cornering model is developed to establish the additional energy losses during cornering. The model includes large steer angles, load transfer, and a Magic Formula tire model. Model results show that both cornering resistance and tire scrub of the rear tires cause additional energy losses during cornering, depending on the corner radius and vehicle velocity.The energy consumption model is validated with full scale vehicle tests and shows an average deviation of 0.8 kW compared to the measurements. Analysis of recorded real-world bus routes reveals that on average these effects constitute 3.1% of the total powertrain energy. The effect is even more significant for routes crossing city centers, reaching values up to 5.8%. In these cases, cornering losses can be significant and should not be neglected in an accurate energy consumption prediction.