基于时间指标的P＆R换乘需求预测研究

城市外围停车换乘需求预测是停车换乘系统规划设计的重要组成部分,也是规划设计的基础和依据。以距离为指标划定P＆R设施吸引范围在山区城市有一定的局限性,文章基于山区地形、居民分布、路网等因素考虑,提出了基于时间指标划分吸引范围的方法,并且通过依据交通方式选择影响因素的相关研究,建立了换乘轻轨、公共汽车、继续使用小汽车的多项logit选择模型。     

河北省高速公路绿色廊道规划设计策略思考

文章针对河北省高速公路绿色廊道建设要求,以京哈高速公路京秦段为例对河北省高速公路绿色廊道建设措施进行分析,提出分层景观、景观节点、生态系统、产业廊道与文化廊道的建设是当前高速公路廊道规划设计质量的重要关键性影响因素;同时,强调高速公路绿色廊道建设不应该只是简单的绿化,而是综合的高速公路品质的提质增效。     

城市交通枢纽空间公共艺术的地域性表达

城市交通枢纽,是人们认识城市的首站;有特色的交通枢纽能为该城市带来深刻印象。公共艺术有装点空间、传达艺术的功能;以公共艺术作为载体,从呈现地域文化、显示城市独特的人文精神目的出发,在交通枢纽的设计中利用此优势,将当地的历史文化、人文特色和地域风貌因子融合到城市交通枢纽空间的设计中十分必要。本文对中外城市交通枢纽公共艺术作品进行分析,并从地域性的角度出发,研究国内外交通枢纽的公共艺术表现,从城市的机场、火车站、地铁站入手,探讨公共艺术与城市交通枢纽的关系。总结出目前城市交通枢纽的地域性表现为:提炼自然环境的特点,传达历史文化的符号,弘扬城市精神的载体等三方面。     

国道321线阳朔月亮山-桂林段公路生态恢复和景观建设技术

文章结合全桂路、桂阳路基本概况和景观特点,对现有主要植被生态学和生物学特性进行分析,采用融合设计的思想,建立了旅游区的公路景观与环境融合的规划设计框架体系,提出绿化景观与边坡植被恢复融合的设计方法。     

交通便利性与体育场馆规划浅析

作为城市居民体育运动和举办大型体育赛事的重要基础设施,城市公共体育场馆对于培育城市体育文化和提升体育品质十分重要。大型公共体育场馆的运营往往对城市交通秩序带来不同程度的影响。本文探讨了交通便利性与城市大型体育场馆规划的关系。强调了交通便利性对于发挥公共体育场馆的多重功能、提高体育场馆的使用效率、减少体育场馆赛事交通压力及消除安全隐患等具有基础性的综合作用。从城市和社会发展的宏观尺度看,交通便利应该作为大型体育场馆空间布局和功能配置设计的核心理念之一。     

以北京为例看综合交通枢纽系统性建设问题

本文以北京市综合交通枢纽建设为例,论证了大型基础设施所具有的跨区域性、多层级性、整体性等特点,从城市政府主导、交通功能与城市功能融合、立体化开发、外部衔接等方面提出了以系统性的观点推进北京市综合交通枢纽建设的若干对策建议。     

郑州铁路枢纽的转型发展

近代以来铁路对于郑州城市的形成和发展起到了核心促进作用，但是随着郑州城市规模的扩大，郑州铁路与城市发展的矛盾愈加突出。结合铁路枢纽与城市发展关系的研究，针对郑州进入到大都市圈时代，在国家中心城市定位、黄河生态保护和高质量发展以及实现碳达峰、碳中和等新发展要求下，研究郑州铁路枢纽面临的转型发展要求和优化策略，以实现铁路客运枢纽与城市功能中心的融合发展，并通过铁路货运线路和枢纽的优化调整，实现中心城区环境优化和货运枢纽与产业功能的相互促进。     

体育小镇交通发展思考

体育特色小镇与体育、旅游等产业融合发展,正在成为新型城镇化的重要载体。交通运输是体育特色小镇发展重要条件,也是促进体育特色小镇繁荣的基本途径,优良的交通系统能够为小镇营造整洁的空间秩序和优美的运动康体文化环境,有效提升体育小镇发展的总体形象。本文梳理了体育特色小镇的主导功能,针对不同功能特色的体育小镇,提出了小镇交通发展的基本思路。尽管体育小镇的主导功能不同,但其交通系统都需要融入运动和康体的主题元素,也要更加注重绿色环保的交通体验,塑造美好生活导向的交通文化和交通文明。     

城市综合体育中心建设与周边交通规划的协调发展

大型综合体育中心的规划设计和选址,必须具备相应的交通基础设施、交通线路及站点、停车场等交通系统,同时,其建筑设计要与周边交通元素及城市景观环境的和谐一致。因此应该引起相关部门或机构的高度重视。本文提出了城市综合体育中心与周边交通极其城市景观环境协调发展问题。以促进体育事业与交通系统及城市景观协调发展为导向,结合实际案例,简要梳理了对大型综合体育中心的规划设计,要统筹考虑体育中心的交通可达性、便捷性及配套性、提高体育中心的使用价值、以及与周边交通及城市景观设计的和谐统一等问题,以提高体育中心的利用率和开发效益。     

我国生态公路建设探讨

生态公路的建设是一个系统性工程。通过对公路建设过程生态环境破坏类型的分析,提出了生态公路建设的基本原则,从规划、设计、施工与运营等方面明确了生态公路建设的细则,认为生态公路建设是一个综合多学科、多领域的综合设计规划与实施集成,生态公路的核心在于通过公路生态系统功能的恢复实现生态系统的结构恢复与功能恢复,以实现生态公路稳定可持续发展。     

Experimental evaluation of Heavy Duty Vehicle speed patterns in urban and port areas and estimation of their fuel consumption and exhaust emissions

Exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of Heavy Duty Vehicles (HDVs) in urban and port areas were evaluated through a dedicated investigation. The HDV fleet composition and traffic driving from highways to the maritime port of Genoa and crossing the city were analysed. Typical urban trips linking highway exits to port gates and HDV mission profiles within the port area were defined. A validation was performed through on-board instrumentation to record HDV instantaneous speeds in urban and port zones. A statistical procedure enabled the building-up of representative speed patterns. High contrasts and specific driving conditions were observed in the port area. Representative speed profiles were then used to simulate fuel consumption and emissions for HDVs, using the Passenger car and Heavy duty Emission Model (PHEM). Complementary estimations were derived from Copert and HBEFA methodologies, allowing the comparison of different calculation approaches and scales. Finally, PHEM was implemented to assess the performances of EGR or SCR systems for NO_X reduction in urban driving and at very low speeds.The method and results of the investigation are presented. Fuel consumption and pollutant emission estimation through different methodologies are discussed, as well as the necessity of characterizing very local driving conditions for appropriate assessment.     

Daily rhythms of suburban commuters’ movements in the Tallinn metropolitan area: Case study with mobile positioning data

The objective of this study is to analyse the diurnal rhythms of city life and its spatial differences in Tallinn, using mobile telephone positioning data. The positioning experiment was carried out in April 2006 over an 8-day period and 15-min intervals, with a random sample of 277 respondents living in new residential areas outside the city of Tallinn.The investigation of the space–time movements and daily distances of respondents showed that the majority of respondents had a similar temporal rhythm related to work, school, services and leisure in the city. Because of the different timing of those activities, the mobile positioning data made it possible to map functional differences in the city. The advantages and disadvantages of mobile positioning data in mapping urban life are discussed in the final section of the study.     

Design of public transit network in urban area with elastic demand

This research focuses on an efficient design of transit network in urban areas. The system developed is used to create, analyze and optimize routes and frequencies of transit system in the network level. The analysis is based on elastic demand, so the shift of demand between modes in network due to different service level is of prime consideration. The developed system creates all feasible routes connecting all pairs of terminals in the network. Out of this vast pool of routes, a set of optimal routes is generated for a certain predetermined number that maintains connectivity of significant demand. Based on these generated routes, the system fulfils transportation demand by assigning demand that considers path and route choices for non-transit users and transit users. Together with the assignment of demand, transit frequencies are optimized and the related fleet-size is calculated. Having an optimal setting of solution, the system is continued by reconnecting the routes to find some other better solutions in the periphery of the optimal setting. A set of mathematical programming modules is developed. Real data from Sioux Falls city network is used to evaluate the performance of the model and compare with other heuristic methods.     

Urban traffic flow prediction using a fuzzy-neural approach

This paper develops a fuzzy-neural model (FNM) to predict the traffic flows in an urban street network, which has long been considered a major element in the responsive urban traffic control systems. The FNM consists of two modules: a gate network (GN) and an expert network (EN). The GN classifies the input data into a number of clusters using a fuzzy approach, and the EN specifies the input–output relationship as in a conventional neural network approach. While the GN groups traffic patterns of similar characteristics into clusters, the EN models the specific relationship within each cluster. An online rolling training procedure is proposed to train the FNM, which enhances its predictive power through adaptive adjustments of the model coefficients in response to the real-time traffic conditions. Both simulation and real observation data are used to demonstrative the effectiveness of the method.     

Information needs of the continuing urban transportation planning process

Urban transportation is identified as a functional element in the broader context of urban facilities and services. From this point of view, the relative merits of separate information systems for transportation planning and general urban planning, as contrasted to unified systems for all urban management functions, are discussed. The overriding need to make the most effective use of urban resources argues strongly for the unification of urban information systems to the greatest possible extent consistent with the special data requirements of various functional programs. The need to identify and correlate data items for very small areal units and to keep current records of the constantly shifting patterns of social and economic activities in urban areas present difficult, but not insurmountable technical problems. However, the most serious barrier to the development and implementation of comprehensive urban information systems is concluded to be institutional, rather than technical, in nature.     

Multi-modal and demand-responsive passenger transport systems: a modelling framework with embedded control systems

The LITRES-2 modelling system provides a framework for investigating the performance of urban passenger transport systems, with particular attention to demand-responsive transport modes and traveller information technologies. The modes covered include conventional timetabled services (buses, trains etc.), taxis (both single- and multiple-hire), and other demand-responsive services. Tables of estimated aggregate demand are disaggregated so as to produce a stream of fully-articulated travel-requests. Individual requests are resolved as single- or multiple-leg journeys, through the use of request-broking and journey-planning modules that seek to minimise travellers' generalised costs. Journey-legs allocated to demand-responsive modes are handled by a fleet-scheduling module which includes provision for “instantaneous” as well as advance-notice bookings, and for contingent situations such as breakdowns and passenger no-shows. The fleet-scheduling and journey-planning modules are designed as embedded control systems and are intended for use in real-time as well as modelling applications. The paper describes the main analytical and procedural components of LITRES-2, and assesses some methodological issues arising from experience in recent planning studies. The system appears to be well suited for use in modelling situations where the critical issues are concerned with the supply rather than demand side of transportation activity.     

Transport in large cities: a Brazilian point of view

Abstract

Following the historical evolution of urban transport in South America, the authors show the economic, technological and cultural facts that have governed its development until today.

The paper, mainly based on experience in large Brazilian cities, gives facts and figures about some of the most important towns where different approaches to urban transport were tried. Information about other South American countries is also given and discussed.

The article details the evolution, current situation and new plans in Sao Paulo city, describing concession criteria, modal split and the economics of the different modes in operation today and planned for future use, ending with the general influence of Sao Paulo experience of urban transport systems in many other Brazilian cities.     

The influence of integrated space–transport development strategies on air pollution in urban areas

The phenomenon of urban sprawl has strong impacts on transport performance and accessibility and causes an increase of air pollution. Effective control of urban sprawl requires an integrated approach comprising urban transport and land-use planning. Current research is insufficient to demonstrate the effects of urban sprawl on travel behavior and air pollution emission. The present paper examines the potential of an integrated approach on space–transport development strategies with the aim of increasing accessibility and reducing air pollution. A combination of space and transport strategies has been simulated for the rapidly expanding city of Surabaya. A comparative analysis of the impact of those cases indicates the promising potential alternatives to minimize the phenomenon. The transport options considered are combinations of Public Transport (PT), comprising Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), Light Rapid Transit (LRT), and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). The options for urban structure include a compact zone development for the city, as formulated by the city planning agency, and a polycentric city set-up based on a job-housing balance aimed at minimizing the house-job distance. The results indicate that the polycentric city structure has the potential to make public transport work successfully for the city of Surabaya. This city structure creates a trip demand pattern which matches citizens’ PT preferences. Compared to the current situation, the combination of such a city structure with an expansion of PT systems would lead to a considerable improvement of transport performance, i.e. a PT mode share, a mean commute distance, and a significant reduction in emissions.     

The past,present, and future of urban cable propelled people movers

The evolution of urban cable propelled people mover technology from the early 1800′s through the 1990′s is reviewed, with emphasis on systems developed since 1980. Technologies can be classified by the means of vehicle support and the type of service provided. The simplest systems serve as shuttles moving back-and-forth between a pair of terminal stations; more complex systems feature vehicles which are launched continuously at short headways. Advances have occurred in the design and aesthetics of guideways, vehicle operating speed, the spectrum of capacities available, and automated features. The characteristics of the individual systems in urban environments throughout the world are described.