城市道路平面交叉口交通设计评价系统设计与开发

总结了适合我国混合交通的交叉口交通设计评价方法,论述了交通设计、交通评价方法体系以及评价系统的总体设计、功能设计。并通过现场采集的数据对系统的可靠性、科学性进行了论证,分析了产生误差的原因。为城市道路平面交叉口规划、设计和交通效益分析提供了一种有效的工具。     

现状平面十字交叉口信号配时的改进

分析了道路平面交叉口拥堵的诱因,重点介绍了十字交叉口信号周期内的通行情况,从以人为本的角度探讨了最小信号周期以及最优信号配时的求解方法,以期为从事交通控制和管理的工作者提供借鉴。     

平面交叉口信号模糊控制与仿真

在分析平面交叉口交通信号控制问题的基础上，根据车辆感应控制理论和模糊控制理论，提出了一种平面交叉口信号的多相位多级模糊控制方案，仿真结果表明其优于相位定周期控制。     

交叉口信号控制评价指标体系

通过分析现有信号控制交叉口运行效果评价指标单一、客观性不强的缺陷,结合常用仿真软件及交通大数据,融合机动车与行人通过交叉口的需求,建立信号控制交叉口运行效果评价指标体系,提出高峰小时通过车辆数、白天12 h通过车辆数、各流向平均饱和度3类机动车通行正向指标及交叉口平均延误、交叉口平均排队长度、各流向饱和度均衡系数、行人相位最大绿灯间隔时间、行人相位平均绿灯间隔时间、行人过街平均等待时间6类机动车通行、行人通行负向指标。实例证明,该评价体系中评价指标多样且实际可操作性强,可用于实际交叉口优化评价工作。     

平面信号交叉口车辆两次停车率研究

从实际交通现象出发，对车辆停车次数评价指标进行研究。根据传统的交通工程理论推导出数学公式，并进行交通仿真和实际交通调查，利用数学回归分别得出两个模型。     

平面交叉口交通冲突概率分布模型及安全评价标准研究

本文分析了以交通事故统计为基础的平面交叉口交通安全评价 优缺点，建立了以交通冲突为基础的交叉口交通冲突概率分布模型，根据交通事故与冲突间的关系，研究了应用冲突技术评价交叉口交通安全的有效性、提出了平面交叉口安全评价指标标准的界定方法，本研究为平面交叉口的安全分析提供了一种理论方法。     

无信号控制平面交叉口交通冲突预测模型研究

以无信号控制平面交叉口为研究对象,在交通流运行特征分析的基础上,用泊松分布描述车辆的到达特性。通过相关假定,指出机动车与机动车之间冲突发生的条件及冲突数的计算方法,认为平交口内车辆之间的冲突是按照一定概率同时进入交叉口的车辆相互干扰的结果。运用概率统计的相关理论计算出在车辆横穿交叉口的时间CT内,单进口道发生的冲突数,进而计算出单进口道的小时冲突数及整个交叉口的小时冲突数。建立了冲突预测模型,并利用实测数据对模型进行了验证。     

非信号控制公路平面交叉口渠化设计方法研究

统计数据表明,我国公路平面交叉口发生的交通事故占总事故数的30%～40%,其中非信号控制平面交叉口事故率和事故严重程度均高于信号控制平面交叉口,而国内在非信号控制平面交叉口安全合理的渠化设计方面仍处于空白状态.有鉴于此,在深入研究和大量实践的基础上总结了基于运行安全的公路平面交叉口渠化设计指导原则和设计要点,在此原则和设计要点指导下,以典型的丁字平面交叉口和十字平面交叉口为例,探讨了非信号控制平面交叉口基于交通安全的渠化设计方法,以期能为国内相关人员提供研究和设计思路,提高我国非信号控制平面交叉口的安全水平.     

平面交叉口信号配时方案的经济性分析

平面交叉口是交通信号灯使用最多的地点，也是交通最为拥堵的地方。以一个交叉口为例．分析平面交叉口信号配时方案的经济性。     

道路平面交叉口竖向设计软件开发

分析了目前平面交叉口竖向设计软件中存在的问题，阐述了基于Coons曲面模型的道路平面交叉口竖向设计软件的开发过程。本软件能够实现平交口的竖向设计和绘制等高线和三维曲面模型。     

两相邻路口信号的分层递阶模糊控制

先对两相邻路口建立了几何模型，然后设计了两相邻路口的分层递阶结构，并对该结构进行简化，在此基础上提出了两相邻路口分层递阶的模糊控制方式，最后用仿真软件验证了该算法的可行性。     

Estimation of delay variability at signalized intersections for urban arterial performance evaluation

Urban arterial performance evaluation has been broadly studied, with the major focus on average travel time estimation. However, in view of the stochastic nature of interrupted flow, the ability to capture the characteristics of travel time variability has become a critical step in determining arterial level of service (LOS). This article first presents a stochastic approach that integrates classic cumulative curves and probability theories in order to investigate delay variability at signalized intersections, as a dominant part of the link travel time variability. This serves as a basis for arterial travel time estimation, which can be obtained through a convolution of individual link travel time distributions. The proposed approach is then applied in the estimation of travel time along one arterial in Shanghai, China, with abundant automatic vehicle identification (AVI) data sources. The travel time variability is evaluated thoroughly at 30-min intervals, with promising results achieved in comparison to the field measurements. In addition, the estimated travel time distributions are utilized to illustrate the probability of multiple LOS ranges, namely, reliability LOS. The results provide insights into how we might achieve a more reliable and informative understanding of arterial performance.     

A real-time signal control strategy for mitigating the impact of bus stops at urban signalized intersections

Buses stopping at transit stops reduce the capacity of signalized intersections, which can lead to excessive delays for all users. In order to avoid such phenomena, signal control strategies can be utilized. This article presents a real-time signal control strategy to mitigate the impact of bus stop operations on traffic operations along an undersaturated approach. The objective of the proposed strategy is to ensure that any residual queues due to a bus stopping are fully dissipated as soon as possible by increasing the green time for the bus stop approach as soon as the bus departs. In addition, this strategy ensures that the cross-street approaches do not become oversaturated. Kinematic wave theory is utilized to track the formation and dissipation of queues and determine the green extension (or red truncation) for the subject approach. The benefits achieved from the proposed strategy are illustrated through simulation tests at a single intersection for a variety of bus stop and bus operation characteristics. Average delay and average queue length for the bus stop and cross-street approaches, as well as for the whole intersection, are used to assess the performance of the strategy. The tests performed indicate that the signal control strategy can achieve substantial reductions in delay for the bus stop approaches and the intersection as a whole without adversely affecting the cross street operations, when the demand at those cross streets is low.     

高速公路建设项目跟踪评价指标体系和方法研究

从项目跟踪评价理论和方法的研究分析入手,结合高速公路建设项目的特点和实施情况,提出高速公路建设项目跟踪评价的概念,参考层次分析法建立递阶层次结构的思路,建立高速公路建设项目的跟踪评价指标体系;采用集值迭代法确定指标权重并用G1法进行验算;然后应用线性模型对高速公路建设实施情况做出综合评价和分析;这种评价使得对项目过程控制建立一种及时的反馈机制成为可能。     

公路交叉口交通安全诊断方法研究

公路交叉口交通安全诊断方法是对公路交叉口进行交通安全改善过程中重要的一个步骤。在大量资料和现场调查的基础上,总结分析了我国公路交叉口存在的各种不安全因素,并提出了一套非事故的、主观性的、预防性的交叉口安全问题诊断方法。     

城市建筑物出口与道路连接处通行能力研究

为了分析城市土地利用对道路的交通影响,需要准确地分析城市建筑物出口与道路连接处的通行能力.对建筑物出口车流插入的实际交通运行特征进行了深入分析,在参照主路优先的无信号交叉口的可插入间隙理论模型基础上,通过实际调查数据对模型的车辆长度、安全间距、加速度和主路可接受间隙等关键参数进行分类量化修正和标定,解决了原模型难于反应建筑出口可容纳排队车辆数及主路车流速度对建筑物出口可插入车流能力的影响的问题,能有效得出不同等级城市道路的建筑物出口所能承受的插入车流量.新的模型与实际交通情况具有更高的拟合度,为准确评估地块开发后对所在道路的交通影响提供了量化参考,提高了城市规划的科学性.     

Performance evaluation of the inside intersection median-turn lane markings on the mobility and safety performance of signalized intersections in the Philippines and Japan

Signalized intersections are one of the key elements that play a vital role at road networks. The efficiency and safety levels of intersections can affect the operational performance of the whole system. In general, turning traffic, especially median-turning, has always been considered as the most problematic movement in the operation of intersections. This becomes more critical with high turning demand where exclusive turning lanes (single or double) can be assigned to provide larger capacities for these movements and to reduce conflicts with through traffic. However, improper treatment of median-turn lanes could create cross-maneuvering behavior which may limit the expected increase in capacity and create safety issues. Median-turning lane markings are commonly provided at intersections in Japan to guide drivers while turning which is expected to reduce the conflicts among turning traffic. Meanwhile, in the Philippines, exclusive median-turn lanes are installed at intersections without proper treatment which may contribute to the low mobility and safety levels. Therefore, this study evaluated the impact of inside intersection lane markings on the operation of median-turn lanes in terms of mobility and safety. The vehicle maneuver, speed and interactions between the turning traffic were utilized as essential components for the assessment. The empirical analysis shows that conflicting trajectories were present on double turn lanes without median-turn lane markings in the Philippines, which resulted to serious conflicts among the turning vehicles and negatively influenced the turning speed and saturation flow rate of the turn lanes. On the other hand, the turn lane markings in Japan, provided a positive impact to mobility and safety of the turning lanes. Moreover, it was also found that the geometric characteristics and traffic signal phasing scheme highly affects the capacity and safety condition of signalized intersections.     

基于开放通信协议的城市智能交通信号控制系统测试实践

为了保证城市智能交通信号控制系统建设的质量，需要引进相应的测试手段。本文主要阐述基于开放通信协议（NTCIP）的城市智能交通信号控制系统测试实践。使用测试理论的V模型理论，对厂商提交的产品和系统进行相关测试，以保证系统建设质量。测试内容主要包括功能测试、协议符合性测试和系统性能测试。     

Objective evaluation of human perception of automotive sound based on physiological signal of human brain

This paper presents a novel approach to apply the physiological signal of the human brain to the sound quality evaluation of automotive sound. In the previous work, psychoacoustic metrics were applied to the sound quality evaluation of automotive sound. Loudness among psychoacoustic metrics is used for one of major sound metrics for the objective evaluation of the sound quality of the acceleration sound inside a car. Subjective evaluation of the sound quality of the acceleration sound shows different results depending on the two different groups of participants. One group liked powerful sound when a car is accelerated: the other group liked the refine sound. Loudness of the acceleration sound is not correlated with the subjective rating of the former group whilst it is correlated with that of the latter group. This evaluation suggests that for the people who like the powerful acceleration sound, it needs to find the sound metric for the objective evaluation of the sound quality of the acceleration sound. In this paper, a driver’s brain signal is measured using electroencephalography (EEG) when a driver hears the acceleration sound of passenger cars. The signal is analyzed to obtain the relationship between brain signals and human perception. According to these results, the alpha wave correlates to the human perception of powerful sound quality of passenger cars. This interesting relationship can be used for objective evaluation of passenger car sounds.     

Safety evaluation of unsignalized and signalized restricted crossing U-turn (RCUT) intersections in rural and suburban areas based on prior control type

The focus of this paper is on evaluating the safety effectiveness of restricted crossing U-turn (RCUT) intersections in rural and suburban areas based on prior control type. Both, unsignalized and signalized RCUT intersections were evaluated using the Empirical Bayes (EB) before-after evaluation method. The 42 RCUT intersections selected for this research were converted from a two-way stop-controlled (TWSC) intersection or signalized intersection in the rural and suburban areas. The results show a 70.63% reduction in the total number of crashes and a 76.10% reduction in the number of fatal and injury crashes at unsignalized stop-controlled RCUT intersections in the rural area. Also, an 89.25% reduction in the total number of crashes and a 94.42% reduction in the number of fatal and injury crashes was observed at offset three-legged unsignalized stop-controlled RCUT intersections converted from four-legged TWSC intersections in rural areas. In the suburban areas, a 64.86% reduction in the total number of crashes and a 73.39% reduction in the number of fatal and injury crashes was observed at unsignalized stop-controlled RCUT intersections. Further, a 10.15% and a 31.08% reduction in the total number of crashes, and an 84.26% and 41.31% reduction in the number of fatal and injury crashes was observed at a signalized RCUT intersection in the rural and suburban areas, respectively. The safety effectiveness of unsignalized RCUT intersections in the rural areas with a larger sample size was found to be higher than was observed by researchers in the past. While unsignalized RCUT intersections in the suburban areas are effective, there is not enough evidence to support the installation of signalized RCUT intersections. These findings help researchers and practitioners in making informed decisions and installing RCUT intersections from a safety perspective.