Fatigue life prediction of welded stiffened 350WT steel plates

The propagation of fatigue cracks under constant amplitude cyclic loading was studied in welded stiffened steel plates. The residual stresses in the stiffened plates were measured using the neutron diffraction strain-scanning technique. A finite element model of the stiffened plate was constructed to simulate the residual stresses by an uncoupled thermal and thermo-mechanical analysis. Both the finite element model and the neutron diffraction measurements indicated that in general the residual stresses were tensile near the welded stiffeners and compressive between the stiffeners and ahead of the starter notch tip. Fatigue testing indicated that the fatigue crack growth rates of the stiffened plates were in general lower than that of a corresponding unstiffened plate, especially near the notch tip where compressive residual stresses existed. Both the finite element method and Green's function predicted the fatigue crack growth rates with reasonable accuracy.     

船舶含裂纹焊接结构剩余疲劳寿命可靠性预报

船舶服役期间工程技术人员需要对已检测到裂纹的构件进行剩余疲劳寿命可靠性评估,以便做出维修决策.鉴于基于S-N曲线和累计损伤理论的常规疲劳寿命预报方法对于损伤难以明确定义,本文基于裂纹扩展理论对船舶疲劳热点剩余疲劳寿命可靠性预报方法进行研究.在考虑应力比和应力强度因子幅门槛值的情况下,研究求解裂纹扩展预报的快速数值计算方法.通过与蒙特卡洛模拟相结合,预报可靠性指标随时间的变化曲线、一定存活率下的剩余疲劳寿命等.以油船上某疲劳热点为研究对象,进行剩余疲劳寿命可靠性预报,为工程应用提供参考.     

船舶含裂纹焊接结构剩余疲劳寿命可靠性预报

船舶服役期间工程技术人员需要对已检测到裂纹的构件进行剩余疲劳寿命可靠性评估,以便做出维修决策。鉴于基于S-N曲线和累计损伤理论的常规疲劳寿命预报方法对于损伤难以明确定义,本文基于裂纹扩展理论对船舶疲劳热点剩余疲劳寿命可靠性预报方法进行研究。在考虑应力比和应力强度因子幅门槛值的情况下,研究求解裂纹扩展预报的快速数值计算方法。通过与蒙特卡洛模拟相结合,预报可靠性指标随时间的变化曲线、一定存活率下的剩余疲劳寿命等。以油船上某疲劳热点为研究对象,进行剩余疲劳寿命可靠性预报,为工程应用提供参考。     

破损舰体结构疲劳裂纹扩展及剩余寿命研究

采用预制缺口的907A钢平板结构试样进行拉伸疲劳载荷试验,得到了拉伸疲劳载荷作用下平板结构破口裂纹扩展规律.采用奇异单元法计算了相应试件的裂纹尖端应力强度因子,利用Paris准则得出裂纹扩展速率与应力强度因子的关系式.提出了破损舰体结构的疲劳裂纹扩展模型,用于估算破损舰船结构在波浪中航行时的裂纹扩展分析和剩余寿命预报.通过某型舰算例验证了文中试验计算方法的合理性.     

Determination of structural stress for fatigue assessment of welded aluminum ship details

The main objective of this paper has been to review and to verify already published hot-spot stress extrapolation procedures for plate structures, and to develop and verify a new and general method for the structural stress extrapolation to be used together with a hot-spot design S-N curve for aluminum ship structures. The proposed extrapolation method has been based on the asymptotic behavior of the stresses adjacent to an idealized notch (‘singularity’). On basis of the fatigue test S-N data obtained in this study, relevant S-N curves to be used together with a proposed extrapolation procedure and with already published extrapolation methods have been suggested. A hot-spot design S-N curve with a characteristic strength of 32 was suggested as a suitable choice for the fatigue assessment of profile ground fillet welded stiffener/bracket connections while a design hot-spot design S-N curve with a characteristic strength of 25 was suggested for as-welded stiffener/bracket connections.     

基于热点应力法U型激光焊接夹层板疲劳寿命分析

U型激光焊接夹层板作为新型船用结构,准确预报其疲劳寿命对于工程应用有着重要的现实意义。本文依据传统焊接结构热点应力外推方法,给出了适合激光焊接夹层板结构的热点应力外推公式,计算了不同外推公式下结构的疲劳寿命,并与已有的试验结果进行对比,最后研究了不同单元层数和焊缝宽度对结构疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明:采用本文的外推公式、外推区域面板厚度方向划分3层单元时,计算结果与试验值较为吻合,验证了热点应力法求解激光焊接夹层板疲劳寿命的有效性;并且结构的疲劳寿命随着焊缝宽度的增加显著提高。     

Fatigue crack propagation and computational remaining life assessment of ship structures

The fitness for serviceability of structural members of marine structures in which fatigue cracks might be found during in-service inspection is investigated in order to prevent instantaneous failures of ships, as well as a loss of serviceability such as the oil- and/or watertightness of critical compartments. The essential features of fatigue crack propagation and the remaining life assessment are discussed in the first part of the paper, where the effects of weldment, complicated stress distributions including stress biaxialities at three-dimensional structural joints, structural redundancy, and crack curving are found to be of primary importance. The second part of the paper contains a discussion of an advanced numerical simulation method for the remaining life assessment, in which the above-mentioned effects of fatigue crack propagation are taken into account. The simulated crack paths and the fatigue crack propagation lives are found to be in fairly good agreement with the experimental results.     

船舶结构疲劳强度研究

本文以230 000 t矿砂船为对象,用精细有限元网格模型计算得到疲劳节点处的热点应力,校核了典型节点处的疲劳寿命。     

变幅载荷作用下焊接接头疲劳寿命预测方法

船舶与海洋结构物在其服役过程中受到波浪等载荷的交变作用而引起结构的疲劳损伤.检测结果表明船舶及海洋结构的疲劳热点部位大多数是在构件相互连接的焊缝焊趾处.因此,研究典型接头表面裂纹应力强度因子统一计算方法以及变幅载荷作用下表面裂纹扩展规律对船舶与海洋结构物的寿命预测是十分重要的.本文讨论了裂纹闭合及开口比的计算,在Newman有效应力强度因子计算方法的基础上,提出了考虑因素更全面的有效应力强度因子幅计算式以及变幅载荷作用下船舶与海洋结构物典型焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展寿命预测模型.     

液化气体船独立液舱的疲劳与断裂寿命预测

随着低温、高强度钢和薄板在液化气体船上的广泛应用,使得液舱结构安全性问题愈发严重,传统的强度评估方法已经不能满足产品设计的特殊要求,基于断裂力学的疲劳寿命评估已成为液化气体船结构安全评估的主要手段。本文选取江南造船自主研发的超大型乙烷运输船为研究对象,其独立液舱的舱体采用低温镍钢5Ni材料,可运载温度低至-104℃的乙烯、乙烷和丙烷等货品,需满足IGC CODE,USCG和船级社规范等要求。本文采用BS7910失效评定方法和Pairs裂纹扩展速率计算公式,完成液舱结构初始表面裂纹扩展至贯穿型裂纹,再产生结构断裂失效损坏的寿命预测,为超大型乙烷运输船的自主研发提供一种有效的技术途径。     

复杂应力场中裂纹疲劳扩展寿命预报

船舶作为一种大型焊接结构,其疲劳热点部位的应力应变场分布很复杂,要预报这些部位的裂纹疲劳扩展寿命,必须解决复杂场中裂纹的应力强度因子计算及其裂纹扩展方向问题.该文对船舶肘板处两种不同原因产生的裂纹的扩展路径、扩展速率进行了研究.裂纹扩展方向用第一主应力准则确定,在裂纹扩展方向上给定不同的裂纹增量,得到不同长度裂纹的复合裂纹等效应力强度因子,并拟合这些计算结果得出船舶肘板的应力强度因子计算式.结合裂纹扩展率单一曲线模型对肘板裂纹扩展寿命进行了预报,预报结果与实验结果符合得较好,说明所采用的方法可行.对建立船舶典型节点的裂纹扩展寿命预报方法有参考价值.     

Fatigue damage prediction of ship rudders under vortex-induced vibration using orthonormal modal FSI analysis

Recently, the fatigue failure of ship rudders owing to vortex-induced vibration has increased as commercial ships become faster and larger. However, previous methods are inappropriate for fatigue failure prevention owing to the lack of fluid–structure interaction considerations. This study aims to develop a fatigue damage prediction method that can be applied at the design stage to prevent fatigue failure of ship rudders under vortex-induced vibration. The developed prediction method employed the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) method to properly consider the fluid–structure interaction and implemented orthonormal mode shapes to reflect the complex geometry and boundary conditions of the ship rudders. For validation, vortex-induced vibration of the hydrofoil model was obtained using the developed method, and the prediction results matched well with the experimental results. Then, the fatigue damage of the ship rudder model under vortex-induced vibration was predicted using the developed method, and their characteristics are discussed. The stress distribution obtained using the developed method matched well with the geometrical characteristics of the ship rudders. The potential for fatigue failure due to the resonance of vortex-induced vibration was expected by comparing the stress distributions for various flow velocities to the S–N curves provided by the DNV classification.     

船舶结构典型节点的优化分析

以船舶结构中的纵骨穿越强横梁和纵骨穿越扶强材2种典型节点为研究对象,以初步给定的1组设计尺寸为基准,在大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS中建立研究对象的有限元模型并进行计算,通过对不同补板形式和不同扶强材形式下节点应力的数值比较,研究局部结构形式对应力分布的影响,分析载荷作用下各节点形式的最大应力以及相互之间的应力变化百分比,从而给出了优化的节点形式,以供实际建造参考.     

具初始裂纹钢桥梁焊接构件疲劳裂纹扩展和疲劳寿命计算

钢桥梁构件因焊接缺陷或者在疲劳应力交互作用下萌生裂纹,钢桥梁构件因存在初始裂纹大大地降低焊接构件的疲劳性能.文中考虑到焊接构件往往会存在初始缺陷,研究了含初始缺陷的桥梁焊接构件的疲劳分析方法.在已有的大量含裂纹构件的疲劳实验工作基础上,结合课题组所做的焊接构件疲劳实验资料,假设初始裂纹焊接构件在疲劳裂纹扩展过程中裂纹形状保持为半椭圆形状;针对桥梁构件实际受力特征,由钢桥梁构件的高周疲劳损伤演化方程入手,考虑初始裂纹条件下裂纹前缘的损伤区的存在及其对裂纹扩展的影响,采用虚拟裂纹扩张方法推导了适用于钢桥梁构件的疲劳裂纹扩展分析的疲劳裂纹扩展率公式,建议了裂纹扩展和疲劳寿命数值计算方法.采用文中的计算方法,研究了已有的钢桥梁结构焊接构件疲劳实验的裂纹扩展过程和疲劳寿命的计算.计算结果表明:裂纹的扩展过程中裂纹的深度和表面半长度之比a/c是一个变化的数值,且在一定的a0/t0条件下,随着a0/c0的增加,循环次数逐渐增大.     

Fatigue resistance of welded steel tubular X-joints

High-cycle fatigue experiments are performed on welded tubular steel X-joints, with braces and chord of equal diameter. They are scaled-down joints, used extensively in offshore wind platforms. Three different welding procedures are considered in specimen fabrication: manual, fully-automatic and manual with HFMI post-weld treatment. Τwo possible locations for crack initiation were identified: chord “crown” and “in-between location”, also verified by numerical calculations and fractography of failed specimens. Monotonic loading tests on fatigue-cracked specimens showed good performance in terms of ultimate strength and deformation capacity, despite the presence of through-thickness cracks. The results are compared with predictions from relevant design standards.     

FPSO节点焊趾处的裂纹修理形状研究

对焊缝处出现的裂纹进行修理以阻止其进一步扩展,能够有效地延长FPSO焊接结构的疲劳寿命.考虑到应力集中而造成的疲劳寿命的降低,要谨慎选取修理时所采用的形状和尺寸,避免在修理后产生的表面缺陷处出现过高的应力集中.文中旨在进行三维T型焊接节点焊趾处的裂纹修理分析,为了选取合理的修理切口,首先对不同几何形状和尺寸的二维焊接修理切口,如抛物线型和椭圆型等,进行了应力集中系数的计算,并与相类似尺寸的U型切口的计算结果进行了比较.结果表明,当切口的表面半宽长于其深度时,椭圆型的裂纹修理切口具有更低的应力集中系数.随后,选择应力集中较小的椭圆型和U型切口焊接修理形状,并采用更加精确的三维有限元分析方法进行分析,给出了通过打磨等修理方式消除裂纹后得到的三维表面缺陷的应力集中系数,为工程上焊趾处裂纹的修理提供决策依据.     

漂浮式潮流电站系泊系统疲劳性能预报(英文)

As a kind of clean and renewable energy,tidal current energy is becoming increasingly popular all over the world with the shortage of energy and environmental problems becoming more and more severe.A floating tidal current power station is a typical type of tidal current power transformers which can sustain the loads of wind,waves,and current,and even the extreme situation of a typhoon.Therefore,the mooring system must be reliable enough to keep the station operating normally and to survive in extreme situations.The power station examined in this paper was installed at a depth of 40 m.A 44 mm-diameter R4-RQ4 chain was chosen,with a 2 147 kN minimum break strength and 50 kN pretension.Common studless link chain was used in this paper.Based on the Miner fatigue cumulative damage rule,S-N curves of chains,and MOSES software,a highly reliable mooring system was designed and analyzed.The calculation results show that the mooring system designed is reliable throughout a 10-year period.It can completely meet the design requirements of American Petroleum institution(API).Therefore,the presented research is significant for advancing the design of this kind of power station.     

船舶典型节点的形状优化设计

船舶结构容易在连接构件处产生应力集中。采用子模型方法对应力集中区域进行精细化分析,并提出节点连接构件形状优化设计数学模型。基于节点子模型,分别以肘板和垂直桁的形状参数为设计变量,以关注区域结构最大Mises应力极小化为目标函数,采用Optistruct软件进行形状优化设计。计算结果表明,优化方案大幅降低了节点结构的最大Mises应力,同时应力分布更加均匀,为船舶节点结构精细化设计提供了参考。     

Fatigue behaviour and life prediction of filament wound CFRP pipes based on coupon tests

This paper investigates the fatigue behaviour of filament wound Toray T700/Epotech X4201 composite pipes with different lay-ups. The present work compares the fatigue behaviour of coupon specimens manufactured with two different fiber orientations under tension-tension and tension-compression cyclic actions. The test results show that the lay-up and stress ratio have significant effect on the failure mechanism and fatigue life of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite coupons. This paper develops an empirical model, which integrates the effect of stress ratio in a fatigue damage parameter, to evaluate the fatigue life of the CFRP filament wound coupons. Combined with the numerically calculated stresses at the critical locations corresponding to the fatigue damage locations, the proposed empirical model developed from the coupon test database predicts successfully the fatigue life of full diameter CFRP pipes, using stresses computed at critical locations in the CFRP pipe.