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多功能汽车故障诊断仪(Multi-Tester plus)属智能型检测器,具有独立判断汽车故障的功能。而普通的汽车电脑解码器属扫描诊断型仪器,本身不具有判断故障的功能。 多功能汽车故障诊断仪可在不影响系统工作的情况下,直接采集电路工作参数,并与存储在程序卡中的标准数据相比较。如有不正常的参数出现便能自动显示并贮存故障信息以及需要检查的线路和元件。 相似文献
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商业秘密是权利人投入了一定的时间、资金和精力而取得的.而权利人为了保密,通常还要投入一定的资金与精力.因此,商业秘密一旦被他人知悉和使用,必然会使商业秘密权利人的利益受到损害.据有关资料报道,近几年全国法院受理的涉及商业秘密的侵权案件,每年以150%的速度递增.一位经济学家说过,20世纪的企业家所犯最多最致命的错误是腐败,而21世纪的企业家所犯最多最致命的错误是泄密.因此,加强对商业秘密的保护日趋重要与迫切. 相似文献
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La construction de scenarios prospectifs de la mobilité urbaine vise généralement a faire émerger un débat sur les évolutions tendancielles, sur les inflexions qu'il conviendrait d'y apporter et sur les strategies a promouvoir. En tenant compte du cadre législatif dans lequel s'inscrivent les procedures de planification des transports a l'échelle locale, nous avons examine dans quelle mesure les indicateurs statistiques de comparaison des scenarios pouvaient s'adapter a la prise en compte des enjeux du développement durable et faciliter l'émergence d'un débat contradictoire autour de ces enjeux. Cet article expose les options méthodologiques générales retenues et fait un certain nombre de propositions concemant le contenu et la mise en forme des indicateurs a construire, en fonction des sujets abordés et des finalites de la démarche prospective.Urban travel prospective scenarios are generally constructed in order to stimulate debate on trends, on how these could be changed for the better, and on the strategies that should be promoted. While referring to the legal framework which applies to transport planning procedures at local level, this paper examines the extent to which the statistical indicators used to compare scenarios can be adapted in order to take account of the issues associated with sustainable development and facilitate the inauguration of an open debate around them. It sets out the general methodological choices that are made and makes a number of proposals about the form and content of the indicators that should be constructed, with reference to the topics covered and the aims of the prospective approach. 相似文献
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The emergence of new information technologies and the transformation that has occurred in traffic management have both increased drivers' already considerable need for road traffic information. The travel time is one of the forms in which this information is presented, and a number of systems are based on its dissemination. In this context, this indicator is used as a measure of the impedance (or cost) of routes on the network and/or a congestion indicator. This raises the problem of estimating travel times with an acceptable degree of accuracy, which is a particularly difficult task in urban areas as a result of difficultes of a theoretical, technical and methodological nature. Thus, in order to find out the traffic conditions that prevail on an urban road, the traffic sensors that are usually used to measure traffic conditions are ineffective under certain circumstances. New measurement devices (cameras, GPS or cellphone tracking, etc.) mean that other sources of data are increasingly used in order to supplement the information provided by conventional measurement techniques and improve the accuracy of travel) time estimates. As a result, travel time estimation becomes a typical data fusion problem. This study deals with a multisource estimate of journey times and attempts to provide a comprehensive framework for the utilization of multiple data and demonstrate the feasibility of a travel time estimation system based on the fusion of data of several different types. In this case two types of data are involved, data from conventional induction loop sensors (essentially flow and occupancy measurements) and data from probe vehicles. The selected modelling framework is the Dempster-Shafer Evidence Theory, which has the advantage of being able to take account of both the imprecision and uncertainty of the data. The implementation of this methodology has demonstrated that, in each case, better results are achieved with fusion than with methods based on a single source of data and that the quality of the information, as measured by correctly classified rates, improves as the degree of precision required of the estimate is increased. 相似文献